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Ghiulai RM, Sarbu M, Vukelić Ž, Ilie C, Zamfir AD. Early stage fetal neocortex exhibits a complex ganglioside profile as revealed by high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Glycoconj J 2014; 31:231-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-014-9517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mapping and Sequencing of Gangliosides from Anencephaly by Electrospray Ionization High Capacity Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8811-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Lugaresi A, Ragno M, Torrieri F, Di Guglielmo G, Fermani P, Uncini A. Acute motor axonal neuropathy with high titer IgG and IgA anti-GD1a antibodies following Campylobacter enteritis. J Neurol Sci 1997; 147:193-200. [PMID: 9106127 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(96)05349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the first two European cases of acute axonal motor neuropathy with both IgG and IgA anti-GD1a antibodies following Campylobacter enteritis. Both patients acutely developed severe weakness without sensory involvement, had antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni and polyclonal IgG and IgA titers > or = 12,800 to GD1a at onset, which decreased during follow-up. Serial electrophysiologic studies showed: 1, normal or only slightly slowed motor conductions; 2, evidence of a progressive loss of excitability and conduction failure in nerve fibers undergoing axonal degeneration in intermediate nerve segments and evidence of distal axonal involvement in one nerve; 3, normal sensory conductions, sensory potential amplitudes and somatosensory evoked potentials. Although we cannot exclude that axonal degeneration followed demyelination, we think that anti-GD1a antibodies account for the axonal involvement because GD1a is present in the axolemma and exposed at the node of Ranvier and in nerve terminals. The exclusive motor involvement could be explained by the fact that GD1a has a different internal structure in motor and sensory fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lugaresi
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, University of Chieti, Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
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Chakrabarti AK, Dasgupta S, Gadsden RH, Hogan EL, Banik NL. Regulation of brain m calpain Ca2+ sensitivity by mixtures of membrane lipids: activation at intracellular Ca2+ level. J Neurosci Res 1996; 44:374-80. [PMID: 8739157 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19960515)44:4<374::aid-jnr9>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Combinations of certain phospholipids and gangliosides increase the specific activity of m calpain and can activate m calpain at 1 to 10 microM Ca2+ concentration. However, this level of calcium is still greater than the normal intracellular calcium level. We have used combinations of lipids to demonstrate the m calpain activity at the physiological Ca2+ level. GD1a (100 microM) and cerebroside (Cerb; 750 microM; 1:7.5) mixture was the most effective. At 0.5 microM to 1.0 microM Ca2+ concentrations, 15-20% of the maximal activity was detected for the purified myelin and cytosolic m calpains. Other combinations were GD1a (100 microM), GM1 (100 microM), Cerb (750 microM), sulfatide (Sulf; 750 microM), and phosphatidylinositol (PI; 300 microM) at a ratio of 1:1: 7.5:7.5:3, respectively. These lipid mixtures stimulated calpain activity at three- to tenfold less calcium concentration than control. The other mixtures, including GD1a:Sulf (1:9) > GD1a:PI (1:4) > PI:Sulf (1:5) > Cerb:Sulf (1:5) and PI:Cerb (1:2.5), also stimulated calpain activity at 1.0 microM Ca2+ concentration. Triton X-100, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and calpain activator did not affect the Ca2+ requirement. Liposomes containing GD1a, Cerb, and m calpain also showed recognizable calpain activity at a significantly reduced Ca2+ concentration (0.4 microM), confirming the glycolipid-mediated enzyme modulation. These studies indicate that specific lipid mixtures can stimulate m calpain activity at an intracellular level of Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Chakrabarti
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA
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Leskawa KC, Maddox T, Webster KA. Effects of ethanol on neuroblastoma cells in culture: role of gangliosides in neuritogenesis and substrate adhesion. J Neurosci Res 1995; 42:377-84. [PMID: 8583506 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490420312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Murine Neuro-2A neuroblastoma cells were exposed to ethanol in culture under two experimental paradigms: (1) short-term (24 hr or less) and low concentrations (0.05 to 0.5%; 8.5 to 86 mM) and (2) long-term (48 hr at 0.5%; 86 mM). Long-term ethanol exposure did not affect Neuro-2A viability, determined by DNA synthesis or the ability to exclude Trypan Blue. Similarly, long-term ethanol treatment did not inhibit differentiation, exhibited by the extension of neurites, promoted by either dibutyryl-cyclic-AMP or by incubation with exogenous ganglioside GM1. The incorporation of exogenous ganglioside GM1 into plasma membranes was not influenced by varying concentrations of ethanol (up to 1.2%; 204 mM). In contrast, ethanol did influence Neuro-2A cell attachment to collagen in a dualistic manner. During short-term ethanol exposure, cell attachment was enhanced. However, when cells were initially exposed to ethanol for 48 hr a marked inhibition of subsequent attachment was observed. Long-term ethanol exposure also inhibited attachment to other substrata, including laminin, fibronectin and vitronectin. Incubation of Neuro-2A cells with either exogenous ganglioside GM1 or a mixture of brain gangliosides partially reversed the inhibition of attachment to collagen. This reversal did not appear to be due to any one particular ganglioside structure, however. Mixed brain gangliosides were fractionated into three fractions, according to the number of sialic acid residues. Each of the three fractions were equally effective in partially restoring Neuro-2A cell attachment to collagen after long-term ethanol treatment. The results suggest that the mechanism by which these effects occur is at the level of plasma membrane fluidity, because both ethanol and glycosphingolipid content are known to influence membrane lateral mobility, although other mechanisms, such as changes in headgroup hydration, are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Leskawa
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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Hrzenjak T, Roguljić A, Kasuba V, Karlović M. The role of sialic acid and Ca2+ ions in rabies virus-infected foxes brain. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1994; 17:71-5. [PMID: 8004936 DOI: 10.1016/0147-9571(94)90008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The receptors for rabies virus on the neuron membranes are polysialogangliosides arranged in multicomponent gelate structures. The impulse conductivity at the synapse membranes also depends on the interactions between negatively charged sialic acid from the oligosaccharide parts of gangliosides and positively charged Ca ions. From individual brain regions of healthy foxes and foxes naturally infected with rabies virus glycolipoprotein preparations were isolated. In them, the presence of polysialogangliosides and the concentration of sialic acid, Ca ions, and proteins were evidenced. The concentration of sialic acid was increased in all tested brain regions of the infected foxes. In the preparations from the cortex cerebri or cornu Ammonis of the infected foxes, 20-fold higher levels of sialic acid and the decreased concentrations of Ca ions were recorded. The increase in sialic acid levels is directly responsible for the augmented negative charge at synaptic membranes and, consequently, for a much higher permeability of these membranes, which results in a persistent stimulation followed by the release of neuro-transmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hrzenjak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Maggio B. The surface behavior of glycosphingolipids in biomembranes: a new frontier of molecular ecology. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 62:55-117. [PMID: 8085016 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(94)90006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Maggio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0614
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8
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Yuki N, Yamada M, Sato S, Ohama E, Kawase Y, Ikuta F, Miyatake T. Association of IgG anti-GD1a antibody with severe Guillain-Barré syndrome. Muscle Nerve 1993; 16:642-7. [PMID: 8502262 DOI: 10.1002/mus.880160610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We earlier reported cases of 2 patients with severe acute Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with high-IgG anti-GD1a antibody titer. We now have investigated the autoantibody against GD1a or GM1 in 37 GBS patients using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and have found a statistically significant association between IgG anti-GD1a antibody and the severity of the disease (need of a respirator for more than 1 month and a poor functional prognosis 3 months after neurologic onset). An autopsy which showed severe GBS associated with IgG anti-GD1a antibody produced the following findings: (1) severe axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination of peripheral nerves; (2) lymphocytic infiltration; and (3) marked central chromatolysis of the lower motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yuki
- Department of Neurology, Niigata University, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsiang
- Rabies Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Higashi H, Yamagata T. Full activation without calmodulin of calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by acidic glycosphingolipids: GM3, sialosylneolactotetraosylceramide and sulfatide. FEBS Lett 1992; 314:53-7. [PMID: 1333416 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)81460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Among calmodulin-non-binding glycosphingolipids, GM3, sialosylneolactotetraosylceramide (LM1), and sulfatide potently activated calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with or without Ca2+ showing ED50 1-5 microM. In contrast to calmodulin-binding gangliosides, these glycosphingolipids activated the enzyme up to the maximum level achieved by Ca2+/calmodulin and did not inhibit the activity at higher concentrations. Competition studies with GD1b that bind both to calmodulin and the enzyme suggest that the calmodulin-non-binding glycosphingolipids activate the enzyme through interaction with the same site of the enzyme as GD1b interacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Higashi
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Yuki N, Yoshino H, Sato S, Shinozawa K, Miyatake T. Severe acute axonal form of Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with IgG anti-GD1a antibodies. Muscle Nerve 1992; 15:899-903. [PMID: 1495505 DOI: 10.1002/mus.880150806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report cases of 2 patients with pure motor Guillain-Barré syndrome of explosive onset who required mechanical ventilation for more than 2 months. Their electrophysiologic findings and poor clinical recoveries suggested severe axonal degeneration involving the motor nerves. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and thin-layer chromatogram-immunostaining showed the sera of both patients had high IgG antibody titer against GD1a ganglioside. Their titers decreased with the clinical course of the illness. GD1a as well as GM1, appears to be the target pathogenic antigen in motor axon disorders. Elevated IgG anti-GD1a antibody titer may prove useful for predicting severe GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yuki
- Department of Neurology, Niigata University, Japan
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Calmodulin, a ganglioside-binding protein. Binding of gangliosides to calmodulin in the presence of calcium. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Thomas PD, Brewer GJ. Gangliosides and synaptic transmission. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1031:277-89. [PMID: 2171656 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(90)90013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
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Rössle M, Winstanley FP, Haag K, Mullen KD, Jones EA. Synaptic membrane complex carbohydrates in experimental hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 1990; 5:119-29. [PMID: 2177133 DOI: 10.1007/bf00999839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate further the status of synaptic plasma membranes (SPMs) in the brain in the syndrome of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) lipid- and protein-bound sialic acid and ganglioside and protein composition were investigated in SPMs from the brains of six rabbits with galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure and five normal rabbits. HE was associated with no appreciable changes in the chromatographic pattern of gangliosides or the concentration of protein-bound sialic acid, but the syndrome was associated with a 20% increase in lipid-bound sialic acid and, as assessed electrophoretically, an increase in the concentration of a protein with a molecular weight of about 70 kDa. Thus, changes in the composition of complex carbohydrates and protein in SPMs occur in a model of HE. The findings raise the possibility that nonhumoral factors, such as increased sialylation of glycolipids, contribute to the generation of abnormal neurotransmission in HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rössle
- Liver Diseases Section, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Leskawa KC, Szoke M, Malone MJ. Post-mortem stability of membrane-associated sialidase activity in brain. Neurosci Lett 1989; 107:267-72. [PMID: 2616039 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The post-mortem changes in membrane-associated sialidase (N-acetylneuraminosyl glycohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.18) were examined in rat brain obtained and stored in a manner which paralleled neuropathological handling of human brains. When whole brains were held at 4 degrees C in covered containers for varying periods of time (0.67 h), sialidase activity toward endogenous membrane substrate was elevated. This elevated activity was maximal at 8 h of storage and decreased thereafter. The apparent decrease in enzyme activation from 8 to 67 h of storage was not due to a reduction of activity, but was the result of depletion of endogenous membrane substrate, since activity toward exogenous ganglioside remained elevated. The changes were due to whole brain storage at 4 degrees C, and not a result of being stored at -80 degrees C. The post-mortem activation of sialidase was not due to the expression of a new form of the enzyme, since it displayed characteristics similar to those reported previously: (a) membrane gangliosides being the preferred native substrate, and (b) ganglioside GM1 and lactosylceramide being the major hydrolytic products. The results underscore the importance of post-mortem storage conditions when analyzing complex carbohydrates of brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Leskawa
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40292
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Leskawa KC, Erwin RE, Leon A, Toffano G, Hogan EL. Incorporation of exogenous ganglioside GM1 into neuroblastoma membranes: inhibition by calcium ion and dependence upon membrane protein. Neurochem Res 1989; 14:547-54. [PMID: 2668779 DOI: 10.1007/bf00964917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Since exogenous gangliosides are known to promote neuritogenesis, the incorporation of exogenous GM1 into neuroblastoma membranes was examined. Neuro-2A cells, synchronized in the G1/G0 phase, were suspended in HEPES buffered saline containing 10(-4) M [3H]GM1, and membrane incorporation was measured as radioactivity remaining with the cell pellet following incubation with serum-containing medium and trypsin. Calcium ion (0.01 to 10 mM) reduced incorporation of exogenous GM1, due to its interaction with GM1 micelles in solution. When cells were treated with proteases prior to incubation with GM1, the inhibitory effect of Ca2+ was lost and total incorporation into membranes was lowered by approximately one order of magnitude. Pretreatment of cells with 0.05% trypsin resulted in an inhibition of GM1 incorporation within 5 minutes. When trypsinized cells were resuspended in complete growth medium, the cells recovered the ability to incorporate GM1 with time, and this paralleled labeling of cellular protein with [3H]leucine. The role of membrane protein in the incorporation of exogenous GM1 could not be explained by the lytic release of cytosolic transfer proteins nor the artifactual coating of the cell surface by serum proteins. These results suggest that the incorporation of exogenous gangliosides into cellular membrane lipid bilayers cannot be fully explained by considerations of lipophilicity alone, and leads us to propose that initial recognition by membrane protein(s) is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Leskawa
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40292
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Pestronk A, Adams RN, Cornblath D, Kuncl RW, Drachman DB, Clawson L. Patterns of serum IgM antibodies to GM1 and GD1a gangliosides in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1989; 25:98-102. [PMID: 2913936 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410250118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We studied the incidence and clinical correlates of serum antibodies to GM1 and GD1a gangliosides in patients with classical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other "motor nerve" syndromes. Serum antibodies to GM1 and GD1a gangliosides were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Our results showed that polyclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to the GM1 or GD1a ganglioside or both were present at serum dilutions of 1:25 to 1:4,000 in 78% (57/73) of patients with ALS. Only 8% of normal controls had similar antibodies. The pattern of serum antibody reactivity correlated with the pattern of clinical involvement in our patients. Selective reactivity to GD1a ganglioside was common when upper motor neuron signs were prominent. IgM reactivity to GM1 ganglioside was common in ALS patients with prominent lower motor neuron signs. Most patients with motor neuropathies had serum reactivity to both GM1 and GD1a gangliosides. These results provide further evidence of ongoing autoimmune processes in ALS patients. There is a strong relationship between serum antiganglioside antibodies and patterns of clinical involvement in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pestronk
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Paulsen H, Paal M. Synthese der tetra- und trisaccharid-sequenzen von asialo-GM1 und -GM2. Lenkung der regioselektivität der glycosidierung von lactose. Carbohydr Res 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(85)85148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stibler H, Burns E, Kruckeberg T, Gaetano P, Cervén E, Borg S, Tabakoff B. Effect of ethanol on synaptosomal sialic acid metabolism in the developing rat brain. J Neurol Sci 1983; 59:21-35. [PMID: 6854342 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(83)90078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The total, glycoprotein-bound and glycolipid-bound sialic acid concentration, ad the activities of ecto-sialyltransferase and neuraminidase were determined in synaptosomes from preweanling ethanol-treated and control rats. The period of treatment corresponded to that of maximal synaptogenesis and peak synthesis of sialoglycocompounds (days 27-37 postconception). The average of the peak blood ethanol concentration was 271 mg/100 ml. In the ethanol-treated animals the sialic acid concentration was significantly reduced (approximately 20%) with an equally distributed decrease of glycoprotein- and glycolipid-bound sialic acid. The activity of ecto-sialyltransferase with asialofetuin as exogeneous acceptor was significantly diminished (about 30%) in the ethanol-treated pups. Neuraminidase showed an unchanged activity after correction for the reduction of endogeneous sialic acid substrate concentration. The total protein and lipid concentrations of the synaptosomal preparations did not differ between the groups. These results suggest that ethanol treatment during on of the vulnerable periods of brain development causes an inhibition of the incorporation of sialic acid into synaptosomal membrane-bound sialoglycocompounds. Such an effect of ethanol exposure might disturb intercellular interactions and the functional performance of the membrane during development, and could be of importance in the pathogenesis of the central nervous system manifestations of the fetal alcohol syndrome.
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Lesoin F, Delandsheer E, Thomas CE, Viaud C, Jomin M. Persistent pleural effusion and traumatic subarachnoid-pleural fistula. Lancet 1982; 2:772-3. [PMID: 6125843 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Leskawa KC, Rosenberg A. Displacement of Ca2+ bound to synaptosomal membrane sialoglycoconjugates by serotonin and serotonergic drugs and the effect on endogenous sialidase (neuraminidase) activity. Biochem Pharmacol 1982; 31:1787-90. [PMID: 6179520 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(82)90687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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