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Abdel-Aziz AM, Hassan HH, Badr IHA. Glassy Carbon Electrode Electromodification in the Presence of Organic Monomers: Electropolymerization versus Activation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7947-7954. [PMID: 32383384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several reports in the literature deal with the modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface via electropolymerization of some organic monomers, particularly p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (p-ABSA) and l-cysteine using intensive oxidative conditions, and attributed the improved electrocatalytic activities toward various analytes to the formation of the electropolymerized layer. What is the real cause for this improvement in electrocatalytic activity? Is it because of the electrochemical activation process of GCE or electropolymerization? Combining a set of surface and electrochemical characterization techniques, we first showed that the electrochemical peaks previously assigned in many reports to electropolymerization processes at the surface of GCE correspond to electrochemical activation of the GCE surface. We further demonstrated that the anodization of GCE at high voltage causes activation of its surface and the formation of surface functional groups (SFGs). In fact, those SFGs are found to be the main reason for the enhancement in electrocatalytic activity of the activated GCE (AGCE). The surface features of the modified electrodes were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The electrochemical behavior was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The analytical performance of AGCE toward dopamine (DA) was assessed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). As compared to the previously reported dopamine electrochemical sensors assuming such electropolymerization processes, the AGCE showed analytical performance practically similar to that of these sensors. This further confirms that the enhancement in electrocatalytic activity is due to the electrochemical activation of the GCE surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Abdel-Aziz
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hamdy H Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H A Badr
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Ramírez G, Goya M, Mendoza L, Matsuhiro B, Isaacs M, Chen YOY, Arévalo M, Henríquez J, Cheuquepán W, Aguirre M. Iron porphyrin-modified electrodes: influence of the method of modification on the stability and electroactivity in oxidation of sulfite or hydrogensulfite in ethanol–water solutions. J COORD CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970902942982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Ramírez
- a Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Andres Bello , República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - M.C. Goya
- b Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Física , Universidad de La Laguna , 38071-La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife, Spain
| | - L. Mendoza
- c Facultad de Química y Biología , Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Casilla 40, correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - B. Matsuhiro
- c Facultad de Química y Biología , Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Casilla 40, correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - M. Isaacs
- d Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química , Universidad de Chile , Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - YO-Ying Chen
- c Facultad de Química y Biología , Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Casilla 40, correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - M.C. Arévalo
- b Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Física , Universidad de La Laguna , 38071-La Laguna, S/C de Tenerife, Spain
| | - J. Henríquez
- e Instituto de Química y Recursos Naturales , Universidad de Talca , 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Santiago, Chile
| | - W. Cheuquepán
- c Facultad de Química y Biología , Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Casilla 40, correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - M.J. Aguirre
- c Facultad de Química y Biología , Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Casilla 40, correo 33, Santiago, Chile
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Lubert K, Beyer L. Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with the Copper(II) Complex of N‐Benzoyl‐N′,N′‐Di‐N‐Butyl‐Thiourea—Voltammetric Behavior and Response to Copper(II). SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/07366290802053645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Reeve R, Christensen P, Dickinson A, Hamnett A, Scott K. Methanol-tolerant oxygen reduction catalysts based on transition metal sulfides and their application to the study of methanol permeation. Electrochim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Recovery of mercury using an electrochemical flow-by reactor. Part I Reaction rate expression for mercury deposition in the presence ofa side reaction. Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(97)00206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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