Thin ring PO2 electrode using gold paste and its application to the study of the effects of venous occlusion on skin PO2

Wearable, Luminescent Oxygen Sensor for Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitoring

We present a new concept for a wearable oxygen (O₂) sensor for transcutaneous O₂ pressure (tcpO₂) monitoring by combining the technologies of luminescent gas sensing and wearable devices. O₂ monitoring has been exhaustively studied given its central role in diagnosing various diseases. The ability to quantify the physiological distribution and real-time dynamics of O₂ from the subcellular to the macroscopic level is required to fully understand mechanisms associated with both normal physiological and pathological conditions. Despite its profound biological and clinical importance, few effective methods exist for noninvasively quantifying O₂ in a physiological setting. The wearable sensor developed here consists of three components: a luminescent sensing film attached onto skin by a carbon tape, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) as a light source, and an organic photodiode (OPD) as a light detector. All the components are solution-processable and integrated on a plane in a bandage-like configuration. To verify the performance, tcpO₂ variations by pressure-induced occlusion were measured in the lower arm and a thumb by the wearable sensor, and the results were comparable to those measured by a commercial instrument. In addition to its flexibility, other features of this sensor render it a potential low-cost solution for the simultaneous monitoring of tcpO₂ in any part of a body.