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Schelke MW, Attia P, Palenchar DJ, Kaplan B, Mureb M, Ganzer CA, Scheyer O, Rahman A, Kachko R, Krikorian R, Mosconi L, Isaacson RS. Mechanisms of Risk Reduction in the Clinical Practice of Alzheimer's Disease Prevention. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:96. [PMID: 29706884 PMCID: PMC5907312 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative dementia that affects nearly 50 million people worldwide and is a major source of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure. While there have been many attempts to develop disease-modifying therapies for late-onset AD, none have so far shown efficacy in humans. However, the long latency between the initial neuronal changes and onset of symptoms, the ability to identify patients at risk based on family history and genetic markers, and the emergence of AD biomarkers for preclinical disease suggests that early risk-reducing interventions may be able to decrease the incidence of, delay or prevent AD. In this review, we discuss six mechanisms—dysregulation of glucose metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, trophic factor release, amyloid burden, and calcium toxicity—involved in AD pathogenesis that offer promising targets for risk-reducing interventions. In addition, we offer a blueprint for a multi-modality AD risk reduction program that can be clinically implemented with the current state of knowledge. Focused risk reduction aimed at particular pathological factors may transform AD to a preventable disorder in select cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Schelke
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Attia
- Attia Medical, PC, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Bob Kaplan
- Attia Medical, PC, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Monica Mureb
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christine A Ganzer
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Olivia Scheyer
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aneela Rahman
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Robert Krikorian
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lisa Mosconi
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
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Zhao Q, Shen Y, Zhao Y, Si L, Jiang S, Qiu Y. Val66Met Polymorphism in BDNF Has No Sexual and APOE ε4 Status-Based Dimorphic Effects on Susceptibility to Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence From an Updated Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies and High-Throughput Genotyping Cohorts. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2018; 33:55-63. [PMID: 28984138 PMCID: PMC10852485 DOI: 10.1177/1533317517733037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Some studies showed that Val66Met polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) conveys susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in females only. However, the confounding effects of some risk factors for AD were omitted in these studies. The aim of this meta-analysis comprising 19 604 patients with AD and 26 333 controls was to reexamine the association between Val66Met and AD by conditioning the effects of age, sex, and/or apolipoprotein E ( APOE) ε4 status. In agreement with the previous meta-analysis, Val66Met was associated with AD in females without confounding adjustment (odds ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.14; P = .003). Nevertheless, after adjusting for age and APOE ε4 status, Val66Met was not associated with AD in females (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.94-1.11; P = .57). This comprehensive meta-analysis with the largest sample size demonstrated no association could be observed between Val66Met and AD in general or by dividing samples based on sex or APOE ε4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yaqi Shen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lining Si
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Pramanik S, Sulistio YA, Heese K. Neurotrophin Signaling and Stem Cells-Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Stem Cell Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7401-7459. [PMID: 27815842 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) are members of a neuronal growth factor protein family whose action is mediated by the tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) receptor family receptors and the p75 NT receptor (p75NTR), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. Although NTs were first discovered in neurons, recent studies have suggested that NTs and their receptors are expressed in various types of stem cells mediating pivotal signaling events in stem cell biology. The concept of stem cell therapy has already attracted much attention as a potential strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Strikingly, NTs, proNTs, and their receptors are gaining interest as key regulators of stem cells differentiation, survival, self-renewal, plasticity, and migration. In this review, we elaborate the recent progress in understanding of NTs and their action on various stem cells. First, we provide current knowledge of NTs, proNTs, and their receptor isoforms and signaling pathways. Subsequently, we describe recent advances in the understanding of NT activities in various stem cells and their role in NDs, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Finally, we compile the implications of NTs and stem cells from a clinical perspective and discuss the challenges with regard to transplantation therapy for treatment of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanuar Alan Sulistio
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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