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Corfield AP. The Interaction of the Gut Microbiota with the Mucus Barrier in Health and Disease in Human. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030078. [PMID: 30072673 PMCID: PMC6163557 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are major players in the mucus protective barrier in the gastrointestinal and other mucosal surfaces. In particular the mucus glycoproteins, or mucins, are responsible for the protective gel barrier. They are characterized by their high carbohydrate content, present in their variable number, tandem repeat domains. Throughout evolution the mucins have been maintained as integral components of the mucosal barrier, emphasizing their essential biological status. The glycosylation of the mucins is achieved through a series of biosynthetic pathways processes, which generate the wide range of glycans found in these molecules. Thus mucins are decorated with molecules having information in the form of a glycocode. The enteric microbiota interacts with the mucosal mucus barrier in a variety of ways in order to fulfill its many normal processes. How bacteria read the glycocode and link to normal and pathological processes is outlined in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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Antonik PM, Volkov AN, Broder UN, Re DL, van Nuland NAJ, Crowley PB. Anomer-Specific Recognition and Dynamics in a Fucose-Binding Lectin. Biochemistry 2016; 55:1195-203. [PMID: 26845253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sugar binding by a cell surface ∼29 kDa lectin (RSL) from the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum was characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The complexes formed with four monosaccharides and four fucosides were studied. Complete resonance assignments and backbone dynamics were determined for RSL in the sugar-free form and when bound to l-fucose or d-mannose. RSL was found to interact with both the α- and the β-anomer of l-fucose and the "fucose like" sugars d-arabinose and l-galactose. Peak splitting was observed for some resonances of the binding site residues. The assignment of the split signals to the α- or β-anomer was confirmed by comparison with the spectra of RSL bound to methyl-α-l-fucoside or methyl-β-l-fucoside. The backbone dynamics of RSL were sensitive to the presence of ligand, with the protein adopting a more compact structure upon binding to l-fucose. Taking advantage of tryptophan residues in the binding sites, we show that the indole resonance is an excellent reporter on ligand binding. Each sugar resulted in a distinct signature of chemical shift perturbations, suggesting that tryptophan signals are a sufficient probe of sugar binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł M Antonik
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre , Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Alexander N Volkov
- Jean Jeener NMR Centre, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Research Centre, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ursula N Broder
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniele Lo Re
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nico A J van Nuland
- Jean Jeener NMR Centre, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Research Centre, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter B Crowley
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Lectin genes and their mature proteins: Still an exciting matter, as revealed by biochemistry and bioinformatics analyses of newly reported proteins. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Etzold S, Juge N. Structural insights into bacterial recognition of intestinal mucins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2014; 28:23-31. [PMID: 25106027 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal layer covering our gut epithelium represents the first line of host defenses against the luminal content, while enabling contacts between the resident microbiota and the host. Mucus is mainly composed of mucins, large glycoproteins containing a protein core and a high number of O-linked oligosaccharides. Mucin glycans act as binding sites or carbon sources for the intestinal microbes, thereby functioning as a host-specific determinant affecting the microbiota composition and human health. Reflecting the structural diversity of mucin glycans and their prime location, commensal and pathogenic microbes have evolved a range of adhesins allowing their interaction with the host. However, despite the recognised importance of mucin glycans in modulating intestinal homeostasis, information on carbohydrate-binding proteins from gut bacteria is disparate. This review is focussed on recent structural insights into host-microbe interactions mediated by mucins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Etzold
- Division of Neonatology and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0715, USA
| | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom.
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