1
|
Extraction and Preparation of Listeria monocytogenes Subproteomes for Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32975772 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0982-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Proteomics has become an essential tool to answer biologists' questions. For bacteriologists, the proteome of bacteria is much less complex than that of eukaryotic organisms. However, not all the different cell "compartments" are easily accessible, and the analysis of cell envelope proteins is particularly challenging. For the Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, one of the main foodborne pathogen microorganisms, the study of surface proteins is crucial to better understand the mechanisms of pathogenicity, as well as adaptation/resistance to and persistence in hostile environments. The evolution of proteomic techniques, and particularly the possibility of separating and analyzing complex protein samples by off-gel (LC-MS/MS) versus in-gel (two-dimensional electrophoresis) approach, has opened the doors to new extraction and preparation methods to target the different subproteomes. Here, we describe three procedures to prepare and analyze intracellular, exocellular, and cell surface proteins: (1) the cell fractionation, based on cell broken and separation of protein subfractions by differential centrifugation; (2) the biotinylation, based on the labeling of cell surface proteins and their selective extraction; and (3) the enzymatic shaving by the action of trypsin on intact cells. These complementary methods allow to encompass all L. monocytogenes subproteomes for general profiling or target studies and could be applicable to other Gram-positive bacteria.
Collapse
|
2
|
Esbelin J, Santos T, Ribière C, Desvaux M, Viala D, Chambon C, Hébraud M. Comparison of three methods for cell surface proteome extraction of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 22:779-787. [PMID: 30457927 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cell surface proteome of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, the etiological agent of listeriosis, is critical for understanding the physiological processes associated with stress resistance and persistence in the environment. In this context, the most widespread mode of growth for bacterial cells in natural and industrial environments is in biofilms. Cell surface proteins are, however, challenging to characterize because of their low abundance and poor solubility. Moreover, cell surface protein extracts are usually contaminated with cytoplasmic proteins that constitute the main signal in proteomic analysis. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of three methods to extract and explore surface proteins of L. monocytogenes growing in a biofilm: trypsin shaving, biotinylation, and cell fractionation. Peptide separation and identification were performed by shotgun proteomics using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The biotinylation method was the most effective in extracting surface proteins, with the lowest rate of contamination by cytoplasmic proteins. Although presenting a higher contamination rate in cytoplasmic proteins, the other two techniques allowed the identification of additional surface proteins. Seven proteins were commonly retrieved by the three methods. The extracted proteins belong to several functional classes, involved in virulence, transport, or metabolic pathways. Finally, the three extraction methods seemed complementary and their combined use improved the exploration of the bacterial surface proteome. These new findings collectively inform future discovery and translational proteomics for clinical, environmental health, and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Esbelin
- 1 Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDiS), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Tiago Santos
- 1 Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDiS), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Céline Ribière
- 1 Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDiS), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- 1 Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDiS), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Didier Viala
- 2 INRA, Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique (PFEMcp), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Christophe Chambon
- 2 INRA, Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique (PFEMcp), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Michel Hébraud
- 1 Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDiS), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France.,2 INRA, Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique (PFEMcp), Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Santos T, Théron L, Chambon C, Viala D, Centeno D, Esbelin J, Hébraud M. MALDI mass spectrometry imaging and in situ microproteomics of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. J Proteomics 2018; 187:152-160. [PMID: 30071319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry Imaging (MSI) is a surface-sampling technology that can determine spatial information and relative abundance of analytes directly from biological samples. Human listeriosis cases are due to the ingestion of contaminated foods with the pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. The reduction of water availability in food workshops by decreasing the air relative humidity (RH) is one strategy to improve the control of bacterial contamination. This study aims to develop and implement an MSI approach on L. monocytogenes biofilms and proof of concept using a dehumidified stress condition. MSI allowed examining the distribution of low molecular weight proteins within the biofilms subjected to a dehumidification environment, mimicking the one present in a food workshop (10 °C, 75% RH). Furthermore, a LC-MS/MS approach was made to link the dots between MSI and protein identification. Five identified proteins were assigned to registered MSI m/z, including two cold-shock proteins and a ligase involved in cell wall biogenesis. These data demonstrate how imaging can be used to dissect the proteome of an intact bacterial biofilm giving new insights into protein expression relating to a dehumidification stress adaptation. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010444. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The ready-to-eat food processing industry has the daily challenge of controlling the contamination of surfaces and machines with spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. In some cases, it is a lost cause due to these microorganisms' capacity to withstand the cleaning treatments, like desiccation procedures. Such a case is the ubiquitous Gram-positive Bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Its surface proteins have particular importance for the interaction with its environment, being important factors contributing to adaptation to stress conditions. There are few reproducibly techniques to obtain the surface proteins of Gram-positive cells. Here, we developed a workflow that enables the use of MALDI imaging on Gram-positive bacterium biofilms to study the impact of dehumidification on sessile cells. It will be of the most interest to test this workflow with different environmental conditions and potentially apply it to other biofilm-forming bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Santos
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR MEDiS, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Laëtitia Théron
- INRA, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, composante protéomique (PFEMcp), F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Christophe Chambon
- INRA, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, composante protéomique (PFEMcp), F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Didier Viala
- INRA, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, composante protéomique (PFEMcp), F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Delphine Centeno
- INRA, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, composante protéomique (PFEMcp), F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Julia Esbelin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR MEDiS, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Michel Hébraud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR MEDiS, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; INRA, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, composante protéomique (PFEMcp), F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Correia S, Hébraud M, Poeta P, Capelo JL, Igrejas G. How combined multicomparative proteomic approaches can improve the understanding of quinolone resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:403-406. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Correia
- Functional Genomics & Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science & Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Michel Hébraud
- UMR454 MEDiS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, site de Theix, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
- Plate-Forme d’Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique, UR370 QuaPA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, site de Theix, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science & Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - José L Capelo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science & Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
- ProteoMass Scientific Society, Faculty of Sciences & Technology, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Functional Genomics & Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes & Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science & Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Correia S, Hébraud M, Chafsey I, Chambon C, Viala D, Torres C, Caniça M, Capelo JL, Poeta P, Igrejas G. Subproteomic signature comparison of in vitro selected fluoroquinolone resistance and ciprofloxacin stress in Salmonella Typhimurium DT104B. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:941-961. [PMID: 28871888 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1375856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoroquinolone resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella is a situation of serious and international concern, particularly in S. Typhimurium DT104B multiresistant strains. Although known to be multifactorial, fluoroquinolone resistance is still far from a complete understanding. METHODS Subproteome changes between an experimentally selected fluoroquinolone-resistant strain (Se6-M) and its parent strain (Se6), and also in Se6-M under ciprofloxacin (CIP) stress, were evaluated in order to give new insights into the mechanisms involved. Proteomes were compared at the intracellular and membrane levels by a 2-DE~LC-MS/MS and a shotgun LC-MS/MS approach, respectively. RESULTS In total, 35 differentially abundant proteins were identified when comparing Se6 with Se6-M (25 more abundant in Se6 and 10 more abundant in Se6-M) and 82 were identified between Se6-M and Se6-M+CIP (51 more abundant in Se6-M and 31 more abundant under ciprofloxacin stress). CONCLUSION Several proteins with known and possible roles in quinolone resistance were identified which provide important information about mechanism-related differential protein expression, supporting the current knowledge and also leading to new testable hypotheses on the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolone drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Correia
- a Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit , University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal.,b Department of Genetics and Biotechnology , University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal.,c Veterinary Science Department , University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal.,d UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology , Nova University of Lisbon , Caparica , Portugal
| | - Michel Hébraud
- e UR454 Microbiology , Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , site de Theix , Saint-Genès Champanelle , France.,f Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique, UR370 QuaPA , Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , site de Theix , Saint-Genès Champanelle , France
| | - Ingrid Chafsey
- e UR454 Microbiology , Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , site de Theix , Saint-Genès Champanelle , France
| | - Christophe Chambon
- f Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique, UR370 QuaPA , Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , site de Theix , Saint-Genès Champanelle , France
| | - Didier Viala
- f Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique, UR370 QuaPA , Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , site de Theix , Saint-Genès Champanelle , France
| | - Carmen Torres
- g Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de La Rioja , Logroño , Spain
| | - Manuela Caniça
- h National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR-HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases , National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA) , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - José Luis Capelo
- d UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology , Nova University of Lisbon , Caparica , Portugal.,i Faculty of Sciences and Technology , ProteoMass Scientific Society , Caparica , Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- c Veterinary Science Department , University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal.,d UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology , Nova University of Lisbon , Caparica , Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- a Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit , University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal.,b Department of Genetics and Biotechnology , University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro , Vila Real , Portugal.,d UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology , Nova University of Lisbon , Caparica , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Correia S, Hébraud M, Chafsey I, Chambon C, Viala D, Sáenz Y, Capelo JL, Poeta P, Igrejas G. Comparative subproteomic analysis of clinically acquired fluoroquinolone resistance and ciprofloxacin stress in Salmonella Typhimurium DT104B. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28314077 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide public health threat and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium phage type DT104B multiresistant strains with additional quinolone resistance have been responsible for global outbreaks and high mortality. Quinolone resistance is known to be multifactorial but is still far from a complete understanding. To give new insights about the resistance mechanisms involved, this work aimed to evaluate subproteome changes between an S. Typhimurium DT104B clinical strain that acquired fluoroquinolone resistance after treatment (Se20) and its pretreatment parental strain (Se6), and also subproteome variations in Se20 under ciprofloxacin (CIP) stress (Se20+CIP). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The proteomes were compared at the intracellular and membrane levels by a 2-DE∼LC-MS/MS and a shotgun LC-MS/MS approach, respectively. RESULTS In total, 14 differentially abundant proteins were identified when comparing Se6 with Se20 and 91 were identified between Se20 and Se20+CIP. Several proteins with known and possible roles in quinolone resistance (AAC(6')-Ib-cr4, OmpD, OmpX, GlmS, GlmU, H-NS, etc.) were identified and discussed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The great number of proteins identified in this study provides important information about mechanism-related differential protein expression which supports the current knowledge and might lead to new testable hypotheses on the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolone drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Correia
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michel Hébraud
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), UMR Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDiS), site de Theix, France.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR370 QuaPA, Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique, site de Theix, France
| | - Ingrid Chafsey
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), UMR Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDiS), site de Theix, France
| | - Christophe Chambon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR370 QuaPA, Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique, site de Theix, France
| | - Didier Viala
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR370 QuaPA, Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique, site de Theix, France
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja, Logrono, Spain
| | - José Luis Capelo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,ProteoMass Scientific Society, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Caparica Campus, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Monteiro R, Hébraud M, Chafsey I, Poeta P, Igrejas G. How different is the proteome of the extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli strains from seagulls of the Berlengas natural reserve of Portugal? J Proteomics 2016; 145:167-176. [PMID: 27118263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED β-Lactam antibiotics like cefotaxime are the most commonly used antibacterial agents. Escherichia coli strains 5A, 10A, 12A and 23B isolated from Seagulls feces, are cefotaxime-resistant strains that produces extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Bacterial resistance to these antibiotics occurs predominantly through structural modification on the penicillin-binding proteins and enzymatic inactivation by extended-spectrum β-lactamases. Using classical proteomic techniques (2D-GE) coupled to mass spectrometry and bioinformatics extended analysis, in this study, we report several significant differences in cytoplasmic proteins expression when the strains were submitted to antibiotic stress and when the resistant strains were compared with a non-resistant strain. A total of 79 differentially expressed spots were collected for protein identification. Significant level of expression was found in antibiotic resistant proteins like β-lactamase CTX-M-1 and TEM and also in proteins related with oxidative stress. This approach might help us understand which pathways form barriers for antibiotics, another possible new pathways involved in antibiotic resistance to devise appropriate strategies for their control already recognized by the World Health Organization and the European Commission. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the protein differences when a resistant strain is under antibiotic pressure and how different can be a sensible and resistant strain at the protein level. This survey might help us to understand the specifics barriers for antibiotics and which pathways are involved in its resistance crosswise the wildlife.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Monteiro
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - M Hébraud
- UR454 Microbiology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, site de Theix, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France; Plate-Forme d'Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique, UR370 QuaPA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, site de Theix, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - I Chafsey
- UR454 Microbiology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, site de Theix, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - P Poeta
- Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - G Igrejas
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Impacts of experimentally induced and clinically acquired quinolone resistance on the membrane and intracellular subproteomes of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104B. J Proteomics 2016; 145:46-59. [PMID: 27063838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health threat worldwide that is still far from a complete understanding. Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 multiresistant strains with additional quinolone resistance are highly adaptive and have been responsible for global outbreaks and high mortality. In order to give new insights about the resistance mechanisms involved, the developed work aimed to point out subproteome changes between a DT104B clinical strain (Se20) that acquired quinolone resistance after patient treatment and an in vitro induced clonally related highly-resistant mutant (Se6-M). The intracellular subproteomes were compared by a 2-DE/LC-MS/MS approach and a total of 50 unique proteins were identified (32 more abundant in Se20 and 18 more abundant in Se6-M). The membrane subproteomes were analysed by a shotgun LC-MS/MS approach, where 7 differentially abundant proteins were identified (5 more abundant in Se6-M and 2 more abundant in Se20). Several proteins known to be directly related to quinolone resistance mechanisms (AAC(6')-Ib-cr4, OmpC, OmpD, OmpX, etc.) and MipA, recently reported as novel antibiotic resistance-related protein, were identified. Other proteins (Fur, SodA, SucB, AtpD/AtpG, OmpC, GltI, CheM/CheB, etc.) reflecting the metabolic re-adjustments occurred in each strain in order to acquire quinolone resistance were also identified. Moreover, proteins involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (RfbF, RfbG, GmhA) and export (LptA) were detected, supporting the importance of exploring these proteins as targets for the development of new antimicrobial agents. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the mechanisms involved in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance, which can be highly valuable for the development of improved therapeutic strategies. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This comparative proteomic study revealed a large number of differentially regulated proteins involved in antibiotic resistance which can be of great value to drug discovery, research and development programmes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Proteotyping: Proteomic characterization, classification and identification of microorganisms--A prospectus. Syst Appl Microbiol 2015; 38:246-57. [PMID: 25933927 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modern microbial systematics requires a range of methodologies for the comprehensive characterization, classification and identification of microorganisms. While whole-genome sequences provide the ultimate reference for defining microbial phylogeny and taxonomy, selected biomarker-based strategies continue to provide the means for the bulk of microbial systematic studies. Proteomics, the study of the expression of genes, as well as the structure and function of the resulting proteins, offers indirect measures of genome sequence data. Recent developments in applications of proteomics for analyzing microorganisms have paralleled the growing microbial genome sequence database, as well as the evolution of mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation and bioinformatics. MALDI-TOF MS, which generates proteomic mass patterns for 'fingerprint'-based characterizations, has provided a marked breakthrough for microbial identification. However, MALDI-TOF MS is limited in the number of targets that can be detected for strain characterization. Advanced methods of tandem mass spectrometry, in which proteins and peptides generated from proteins, are characterized and identified, using LC-MS/MS, provide the ability to detect hundreds or thousands of expressed microbial strain markers for high-resolution characterizations and identifications. Model studies demonstrate the application of proteomics-based analyses for bacterial species- and strain-level detection and identification and for characterization of environmentally relevant, metabolically diverse bacteria. Proteomics-based approaches represent an emerging complement to traditional methods of characterizing microorganisms, enabling the elucidation of the expressed biomarkers of genome sequence information, which can be applied to 'proteotyping' applications of microorganisms at all taxonomic levels.
Collapse
|