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Wang L, Zeng F, Jiao Y, Zhou Q, An J, Gao H. Immunofluorescence staining of chloroplast proteins with frozen sections of plant tissues. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:168. [PMID: 38864883 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Immunofluorescence staining with frozen sections of plant tissues and a nest tube is convenient and effective, and broadens the applicability of immunofluorescence staining. Immunofluorescence staining is an indispensable and extensively employed technique for determining the subcellular localization of chloroplast division proteins. At present, it is difficult to effectively observe the localization of target proteins in leaves that are hard, or very thin, or have epidermal hair or glands with the current immunofluorescence staining methods. Moreover, signals of target proteins were predominantly detected in mesophyll cells, not the cells of other types. Thus, the method of immunofluorescence staining was further explored for improvement in this study. The plant tissue was embedded with 50% PEG4000 at -60℃, which was then cut into sections by a cryomacrotome. The sections were immediately immersed in fixation solution. Then, the sample was transferred into a special nested plastic tube, which facilitated the fixation and immunofluorescence staining procedures. The use of frozen sections in this method enabled a short processing time and reduced material requirements. By optimizing the thickness of the sections, a large proportion of the cells could be well stained. With this method, we observed the localization of a chloroplast division protein FtsZ1 in the wild-type Arabidopsis and various chloroplast division mutants. Meanwhile, the localization of FtsZ1 was also observed not only in mesophyll cells, but also in guard cells and epidermal cells in a lot of other plant species, including many species with hard leaf tissues. This method is not only easy to use, but also expands the scope of applicability for immunofluorescence staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration and State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration and State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongjuan Jiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration and State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration and State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinjie An
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration and State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongbo Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration and State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Wang L, Chen Y, Niu D, Tang M, An J, Xue S, Liu X, Gao H. Improvements for Tissue-Chopping-Based Immunofluorescence Staining Method of Chloroplast Proteins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:841. [PMID: 36840189 PMCID: PMC9963192 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunofluorescence staining is a very common method for the subcellular localization study of proteins. A tissue-chopping-based immunofluorescence staining method for chloroplast proteins overcomes the restriction of plant cell wall, makes the operation simpler, and uses less experimental materials. Here we provide some improvements for this method. We found that the stained tissues can be directly observed with a confocal microscope without tissue lysis. Samples maintained at a low temperature (0-4 °C) throughout the process can reduce the intensity of chlorophyll autofluorescence and the background signal. A low temperature is also good for the storage of the sample. Fluorescence signal of the stained samples can be kept for several weeks if they are stored at -20 °C. FtsZ is an essential component of the chloroplast division apparatus. We demonstrated this method with the immunofluorescence staining of FtsZ1 in wildtype Arabidopsis and some chloroplast division mutants. We also successfully tested this method by the immunofluorescence staining of FtsZ1 in many other plants, including woody plants. With these procedures, the performance of tissue-chopping-based immunofluorescence staining method are further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Di Niu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingdong Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinjie An
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shanshan Xue
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongbo Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Wang L, Tang M, Huang W, An J, Liu X, Gao H. A Tissue-Chopping Based Immunofluorescence Staining Method for Chloroplast Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:910569. [PMID: 35665184 PMCID: PMC9161302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.910569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunofluorescence staining is an important method for detecting the localization of proteins in the cell. It is also frequently used in the localization study of chloroplast-division proteins. Although this method has been improved before by using protoplasts, it still has some limitations. Now we developed a new method to make it much easier. We just broke the plant leaf tissue with a serrated blade, stained the samples directly, and simply lysed the tissue into separatable cells. The localization of the target protein can then be observed with a clear view. Since this method directly uses broken leaf pieces, it is very fast. It can also be applied to the plants in which protoplasts are difficult to prepare. We first used this method to observe the localization of a chloroplast division protein FtsZ1 in the wild-type Arabidopsis. A ring was clearly seen in the middle of chloroplasts. In addition, we used this method to analyze the localization of FtsZ1 in arc3 and pdv2 mutants, as well as in dozens of other species, including some woody plants. This new immunofluorescence staining method is not only easy to use, but also has a wide applicability in various plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingdong Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjie An
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Integrating cell biology and proteomic approaches in plants. J Proteomics 2017; 169:165-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li Y, Sun Q, Feng Y, Liu X, Gao H. An improved immunofluorescence staining method for chloroplast proteins. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:2285-2293. [PMID: 27473527 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An improved immunofluorescence staining method significantly facilitates the visualization of the subcellular localization of interested proteins in chloroplasts. As an important technical approach, immunofluorescence staining is widely used in the subcellular localization study of interested proteins. During the study of the functions of chloroplast division proteins, immunofluorescence staining was frequently adopted. Previously, a method has been developed to study the localization of a chloroplast division protein, FtsZ. However, it is laborious and time-consuming. In this study, we report a modified immunofluorescence staining method, in which protoplasts were isolated from leaf tissues, and then fixed for immunofluorescence staining. The time of the experiment was significantly reduced to several hours. Furthermore, we used correction pen in the fixation procedure and a new way to coat the slide, which greatly saved the cost of the experiment. With the chloroplast division protein ARC6 as an example, we can get a good fluorescence signal. Moreover, the localization of ARC6 in two chloroplast division mutants, arc3 and arc5, and three other plant species, such as cabbage, radish and pea, was also successfully analyzed with our new method. Overall, the immunofluorescence staining method we reported here is very practical, and it significantly facilitates the visualization of the subcellular localization of interested proteins in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiong Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hongbo Gao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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