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Chen YF, Li J, Xu LL, Găman MA, Zou ZY. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: An overview of obstacles and opportunities. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:268-291. [PMID: 36686358 PMCID: PMC9850970 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i2.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important treatment for acute myeloid leukemia, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) plays an important role in reducing relapse and improving long-term survival. With rapid advancements in basic research in molecular biology and immunology and with deepening understanding of the biological characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells, allo-HSCT has been widely applied in clinical practice. During allo-HSCT, preconditioning, the donor, and the source of stem cells can be tailored to the patient’s conditions, greatly broadening the indications for HSCT, with clear survival benefits. However, the risks associated with allo-HSCT remain high, i.e. hematopoietic reconstitution failure, delayed immune reconstitution, graft-versus-host disease, and post-transplant relapse, which are bottlenecks for further improvements in allo-HSCT efficacy and have become hot topics in the field of HSCT. Other bottlenecks recognized in the current treatment of individuals diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and subjected to allo-HSCT include the selection of the most appropriate conditioning regimen and post-transplantation management. In this paper, we reviewed the progress of relevant research regarding these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine of Taizhou University, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling-Long Xu
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
| | - Zhen-You Zou
- Department of Scientific Research,Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Martin GH, Roy N, Chakraborty S, Desrichard A, Chung SS, Woolthuis CM, Hu W, Berezniuk I, Garrett-Bakelman FE, Hamann J, Devlin SM, Chan TA, Park CY. CD97 is a critical regulator of acute myeloid leukemia stem cell function. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2362-2377. [PMID: 31371381 PMCID: PMC6781010 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant efforts to improve therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), clinical outcomes remain poor. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the development and maintenance of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) is important to reveal new therapeutic opportunities. We have identified CD97, a member of the adhesion class of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as a frequently up-regulated antigen on AML blasts that is a critical regulator of blast function. High levels of CD97 correlate with poor prognosis, and silencing of CD97 reduces disease aggressiveness in vivo. These phenotypes are due to CD97's ability to promote proliferation, survival, and the maintenance of the undifferentiated state in leukemic blasts. Collectively, our data credential CD97 as a promising therapeutic target on LSCs in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle H Martin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Nainita Roy
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Sohini Chakraborty
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alexis Desrichard
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Stephen S Chung
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Carolien M Woolthuis
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Wenhuo Hu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Iryna Berezniuk
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Francine E Garrett-Bakelman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sean M Devlin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Li Z, Qian P, Shao W, Shi H, He XC, Gogol M, Yu Z, Wang Y, Qi M, Zhu Y, Perry JM, Zhang K, Tao F, Zhou K, Hu D, Han Y, Zhao C, Alexander R, Xu H, Chen S, Peak A, Hall K, Peterson M, Perera A, Haug JS, Parmely T, Li H, Shen B, Zeitlinger J, He C, Li L. Suppression of m 6A reader Ythdf2 promotes hematopoietic stem cell expansion. Cell Res 2018; 28:904-917. [PMID: 30065315 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) holds great promise for treating a broad spectrum of hematological disorders including cancer. However, the limited number of HSCs in a single hUCB unit restricts its widespread use. Although extensive efforts have led to multiple methods for ex vivo expansion of human HSCs by targeting single molecules or pathways, it remains unknown whether it is possible to simultaneously manipulate the large number of targets essential for stem cell self-renewal. Recent studies indicate that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modulates the expression of a group of mRNAs critical for stem cell-fate determination by influencing their stability. Among several m6A readers, YTHDF2 is recognized as promoting targeted mRNA decay. However, the physiological functions of YTHDF2 in adult stem cells are unknown. Here we show that following the conditional knockout (KO) of mouse Ythdf2 the numbers of functional HSC were increased without skewing lineage differentiation or leading to hematopoietic malignancies. Furthermore, knockdown (KD) of human YTHDF2 led to more than a 10-fold increase in the ex vivo expansion of hUCB HSCs, a fivefold increase in colony-forming units (CFUs), and more than an eightfold increase in functional hUCB HSCs in the secondary serial of a limiting dilution transplantation assay. Mapping of m6A in RNAs from mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) as well as from hUCB HSCs revealed its enrichment in mRNAs encoding transcription factors critical for stem cell self-renewal. These m6A-marked mRNAs were recognized by Ythdf2 and underwent decay. In Ythdf2 KO HSPCs and YTHDF2 KD hUCB HSCs, these mRNAs were stabilized, facilitating HSC expansion. Knocking down one of YTHDF2's key targets, Tal1 mRNA, partially rescued the phenotype. Our study provides the first demonstration of the function of YTHDF2 in adult stem cell maintenance and identifies its important role in regulating HSC ex vivo expansion by regulating the stability of multiple mRNAs critical for HSC self-renewal, thus identifying potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wanqing Shao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Hailing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Xi C He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Madelaine Gogol
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Zulin Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Yongfu Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Meijie Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yunfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - John M Perry
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Fang Tao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Kun Zhou
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Department of Hematology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Deqing Hu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Tianjin Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Tian Jin, 300070, China
| | - Yingli Han
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Chongbei Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | | | - Hanzhang Xu
- Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Allison Peak
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Kathyrn Hall
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Michael Peterson
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Anoja Perera
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Haug
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Tari Parmely
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Julia Zeitlinger
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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