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Zhong KX, Suttle CA, Baudoux AC, Derelle E, Colombet J, Cho A, Caleta J, Six C, Jacquet S. A New Freshwater Cyanosiphovirus Harboring Integrase. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2204. [PMID: 30283423 PMCID: PMC6157547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelagic cyanobacteria are key players in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, and their viruses (cyanophages) potentially affect the abundance and composition of cyanobacterial communities. Yet, there are few well-described freshwater cyanophages relative to their marine counterparts, and in general, few cyanosiphoviruses (family Siphoviridae) have been characterized, limiting our understanding of the biology and the ecology of this prominent group of viruses. Here, we characterize S-LBS1, a freshwater siphovirus lytic to a phycoerythrin-rich Synechococcus isolate (Strain TCC793). S-LBS1 has a narrow host range, a burst size of ∼400 and a relatively long infecting step before cell lysis occurs. It has a dsDNA 34,641 bp genome with putative genes for structure, DNA packing, lysis, replication, host interactions, DNA repair and metabolism. S-LBS1 is similar in genome size, genome architecture, and gene content, to previously described marine siphoviruses also infecting PE-rich Synechococcus, e.g., S-CBS1 and S-CBS3. However, unlike other Synechococcus phages, S-LBS1 encodes an integrase, suggesting its ability to establish lysogenic relationships with its host. Sequence recruitment from viral metagenomic data showed that S-LBS1-like viruses are diversely present in a wide range of aquatic environments, emphasizing their potential importance in controlling and structuring Synechococcus populations. A comparative analysis with 16 available sequenced cyanosiphoviruses reveals the absence of core genes within the genomes, suggesting high degree of genetic variability in siphoviruses infecting cyanobacteria. It is likely that cyanosiphoviruses have evolved as distinct evolutionary lineages and that adaptive co-evolution occurred between these viruses and their hosts (i.e., Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, Nodularia, and Acaryochloris), constituting an important driving force for such phage diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Xu Zhong
- INRA, UMR 042 CARRTEL, Thonon-les-Bains, France.,Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Curtis A Suttle
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Botany, Institute for Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anne-Claire Baudoux
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Evelyne Derelle
- Integrative Marine Biology Laboratory (BIOM), CNRS UMR7232, Sorbonne Universities, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jonathan Colombet
- CNRS, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 6023, Laboratory of Microorganismes, Aubière, France
| | - Anna Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Caleta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christophe Six
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
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Vitale M, Gaglio S, Galluzzo P, Cascone G, Piraino C, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Alduina R. Antibiotic Resistance Profiling, Analysis of Virulence Aspects and Molecular Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated in Sicily, Italy. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 15:177-185. [PMID: 29260903 PMCID: PMC5865246 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the major cause of foodborne diseases worldwide. In this retrospective study, 84 S. aureus strains were characterized. The collection comprises 78 strains isolated during 1998 and 2014 from dairy products and tissue samples from livestock bred for dairy production in Sicily. One isolate was obtained from a pet (dog), one from an exotic animal (a circus elephant), and four human isolates were obtained during a severe food poisoning outbreak that occurred in Sicily in 2015. All the strains were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), for antibiotic resistance and presence of toxin genes. PFGE results showed 10 different pulsotypes, with three relatively frequent and three unique. The antibiotic resistance profiling showed that penicillin G (35.7%) and tetracycline (20.2%) resistance is largely spread. Most isolates contained at least one toxin gene making them a potential threat for public health. Enterotoxin sec gene was observed in 28.6% and seg in 23.8% of the strains, respectively; the human isolates were the only ones to concurrently harbor both seg and sei genes. In addition, 24 isolates were randomly selected and analyzed by multilocus sequence typing. Interestingly, the analysis showed the presence of 12 sequence types (STs), of which 6 were novel. One of them, ST700, was detected in 29% of the isolates and was found to be spread throughout Sicily. ST700 has been present in the island for almost 16 years (1998–2014) and it shows no host preference since it was isolated from different ruminant species. Four human isolates shared both the pulsotype (PT10) and the sequence type (ST9), as well as the virulence genes (seg-sei); this observation suggests that the isolates originated from a single clone, although they were obtained from two different individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vitale
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia , Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gaglio
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia , Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Galluzzo
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia , Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cascone
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia , Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Piraino
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia , Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Alduina
- 2 Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
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