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Xu W, Brown LE, Porco JA. Divergent, C-C Bond Forming Macrocyclizations Using Modular Sulfonylhydrazone and Derived Substrates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16485-16510. [PMID: 34730970 PMCID: PMC8783553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A divergent approach to C-C bond forming macrocycle construction is described. Modular sulfonylhydrazone and derived pyridotriazole substrates with three key building blocks have been constructed and cyclized to afford diverse macrocyclic frameworks. Broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance have been demonstrated. In addition, site-selective postfunctionalization allowed for further diversification of macrocyclic cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Lauren E. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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2
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Mulligan VK. The emerging role of computational design in peptide macrocycle drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:833-852. [PMID: 32345066 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1751117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery is a laborious process with rising cost per new drug. Peptide macrocycles are promising therapeutics, though conformational flexibility can reduce target affinity and specificity. Recent computational advancements address this problem by enabling rational design of rigidly folded peptide macrocycles. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes currently approved peptide macrocycle therapeutics and discusses advantages of mesoscale drugs over small molecules or protein therapeutics. It describes the history, rationale, and state of the art of computational tools, such as Rosetta, that allow the design of rigidly structured peptide macrocycles. The emerging pipeline for designing peptide macrocycle drugs is described, including current challenges in designing permeable molecules that can emulate the chameleonic behavior of natural macrocycles. Prospects for reducing computational cost and improving accuracy with emerging computational technologies are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION To embrace computational design of peptide macrocycle drugs, we must shift current attitudes regarding the role of computation in drug discovery, and move beyond Lipinski's rules. This technology has the potential to shift failures to earlier in silico stages of the drug discovery process, improving success rates in costly clinical trials. Given the available tools, now is the time for drug developers to incorporate peptide macrocycle design into drug discovery pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram K Mulligan
- Systems Biology, Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute , New York, NY, USA
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3
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Belding L, Zaretsky S, Yudin AK, Dudding T. A Mechanistic Model for the Aziridine Aldehyde-Driven Macrocyclization of Peptides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9119-9124. [PMID: 29966423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aziridine aldehyde-driven macrocyclization of peptides is a powerful tool for the construction of biologically active macrocycles. While this process has been used to generate diverse collections of cyclic molecules, its mechanistic underpinnings have remained unclear. To enable progress in this area we have carried out a mechanistic study, which suggests that the cyclization owes its efficiency to a combination of electrostatic attraction between the termini of a nitrilium ion intermediate and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Our model adequately explains the experimentally observed trends, including diastereoselectivity, and should facilitate the development of other macrocyclization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Belding
- Department of Chemistry , Brock University , St. Catharines , Ontario L2S 3A1 , Canada
| | - Serge Zaretsky
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 2J7 , Canada
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 2J7 , Canada
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry , Brock University , St. Catharines , Ontario L2S 3A1 , Canada
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4
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Whitty A, Viarengo LA, Zhong M. Progress towards the broad use of non-peptide synthetic macrocycles in drug discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:7729-7735. [PMID: 28876025 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We discuss progress towards addressing three key questions pertaining to the design of screening libraries of synthetic non-peptidic macrocycles (MCs) for drug discovery: What structural and physicochemical properties of MCs maximize the likelihood of achieving strong and specific binding to protein targets? What features render a protein target suitable for binding MCs, and can this information be used to identify suitable targets for inhibition by MCs? What properties of synthetic MCs confer good pharmaceutical properties, and particularly good aqueous solubility coupled with passive membrane permeability? We additionally discuss how the criteria that define a meaningful MC screening hit are linked to the size of the screening library and the synthetic methodology employed in its preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Whitty
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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5
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Hickey JL, Zaretsky S, St. Denis MA, Kumar Chakka S, Morshed MM, Scully CCG, Roughton AL, Yudin AK. Passive Membrane Permeability of Macrocycles Can Be Controlled by Exocyclic Amide Bonds. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5368-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Hickey
- Davenport
Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Encycle Therapeutics Inc., 101
College Street, Suite 314, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Serge Zaretsky
- Davenport
Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Megan A. St. Denis
- Davenport
Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Encycle Therapeutics Inc., 101
College Street, Suite 314, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sai Kumar Chakka
- Davenport
Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Encycle Therapeutics Inc., 101
College Street, Suite 314, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - M. Monzur Morshed
- Davenport
Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Encycle Therapeutics Inc., 101
College Street, Suite 314, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Conor C. G. Scully
- Davenport
Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew L. Roughton
- Encycle Therapeutics Inc., 101
College Street, Suite 314, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Andrei K. Yudin
- Davenport
Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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6
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Low KE, Ler S, Chen KJ, Campbell RL, Hickey JL, Tan J, Scully CCG, Davies PL, Yudin AK, Zaretsky S. Rational Design of Calpain Inhibitors Based on Calpastatin Peptidomimetics. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5403-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E. Low
- Department
of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Spencer Ler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kevin J. Chen
- Department
of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robert L. Campbell
- Department
of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Hickey
- Encycle Therapeutics Inc., 101
College Street, Suite 314, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Joanne Tan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Conor C. G. Scully
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Peter L. Davies
- Department
of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Andrei K. Yudin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Serge Zaretsky
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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7
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Treder AP, Hickey JL, Tremblay MCJ, Zaretsky S, Scully CCG, Mancuso J, Doucet A, Yudin AK, Marsault E. Solid-Phase Parallel Synthesis of Functionalised Medium-to-Large Cyclic Peptidomimetics through Three-Component Coupling Driven by Aziridine Aldehyde Dimers. Chemistry 2015; 21:9249-55. [PMID: 26014974 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The first solid-phase parallel synthesis of macrocyclic peptides using three-component coupling driven by aziridine aldehyde dimers is described. The method supports the synthesis of 9- to 18-membered aziridine-containing macrocycles, which are then functionalized by nucleophilic opening of the aziridine ring. This constitutes a robust approach for the rapid parallel synthesis of macrocyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Treder
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e av nord Sherbrooke (QC) J1H 5N4 (Canada)
| | - Jennifer L Hickey
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto (ON) M5S 3H6 (Canada)
| | - Marie-Claude J Tremblay
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e av nord Sherbrooke (QC) J1H 5N4 (Canada)
| | - Serge Zaretsky
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto (ON) M5S 3H6 (Canada)
| | - Conor C G Scully
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto (ON) M5S 3H6 (Canada)
| | - John Mancuso
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e av nord Sherbrooke (QC) J1H 5N4 (Canada)
| | - Annie Doucet
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e av nord Sherbrooke (QC) J1H 5N4 (Canada)
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto (ON) M5S 3H6 (Canada)
| | - Eric Marsault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e av nord Sherbrooke (QC) J1H 5N4 (Canada).
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