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Chen CH, Bepler T, Pepper K, Fu D, Lu TK. Synthetic molecular evolution of antimicrobial peptides. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 75:102718. [PMID: 35395425 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
As we learn more about how peptide structure and activity are related, we anticipate that antimicrobial peptides will be engineered to have strong potency and distinct functions and that synthetic peptides will have new biomedical applications, such as treatments for emerging infectious diseases. As a result of the enormous number of possible amino acid sequences and the low-throughput nature of antimicrobial peptide assays, computational tools for peptide design and optimization are needed for direct experimentation toward obtaining functional sequences. Recent developments in computational tools have improved peptide design, saving labor, reagents, costs, and time. At the same time, improvements in peptide synthesis and experimental platforms continue to reduce the cost and increase the throughput of peptide-drug screening. In this review, we discuss the current methods of peptide design and engineering, including in silico methods and peptide synthesis and screening, and highlight areas of potential improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Chen
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Tristan Bepler
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Simons Machine Learning Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Karen Pepper
- Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Debbie Fu
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Synthetic Biology Group, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Senti Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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2
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Dahiya R, Dahiya S, Kumar P, Kumar RV, Dahiya S, Kumar S, Saharan R, Basu P, Mitra A, Sharma A, Kashaw SK, Patel JK. Structural and biological aspects of natural bridged macrobicyclic peptides from marine resources. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100034. [PMID: 33913195 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Among peptide-based drugs, naturally occurring bicyclic compounds have been established as molecules with unique therapeutic potential. The diverse pharmacological activities associated with bicyclic peptides from marine tunicates, sponges, and bacteria render them suitable to be employed as effective surrogate between complex and small therapeutic moieties. Bicyclic peptides possess greater conformational rigidity and higher metabolic stability as compared with linear and monocyclic peptides. The antibody-like affinity and specificity of bicyclic peptides enable their binding to the challenging drug targets. Bridged macrobicyclic peptides from natural marine resources represent an underexplored class of molecules that provides promising platforms for drug development owing to their biocompatibility, similarity, and chemical diversity to proteins. The present review explores major marine-derived bicyclic peptides including disulfide-bridged, histidinotyrosine-bridged, or histidinoalanine-bridged macrobicyclic peptides along with their structural characteristics, synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and bioproperties.The comparison of these macrobicyclic congeners with linear/monocyclic peptides along with their therapeutic potential are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Dahiya
- Laboratory of Peptide Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Sunita Dahiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Priyank Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Radhika V Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, American University of Health Sciences, Signal Hill, California, USA
| | - Saurabh Dahiya
- Department of Quality Assurance, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharat Institute of Pharmacy, Pehladpur, Babain, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Renu Saharan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Paramita Basu
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, USA
| | - Arindam Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil K Kashaw
- Integrated Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jayvadan K Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nootan Pharmacy College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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Small and Simple, yet Sturdy: Conformationally Constrained Peptides with Remarkable Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041611. [PMID: 33562633 PMCID: PMC7915549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sheer size and vast chemical space (i.e., diverse repertoire and spatial distribution of functional groups) underlie peptides’ ability to engage in specific interactions with targets of various structures. However, the inherent flexibility of the peptide chain negatively affects binding affinity and metabolic stability, thereby severely limiting the use of peptides as medicines. Imposing conformational constraints to the peptide chain offers to solve these problems but typically requires laborious structure optimization. Alternatively, libraries of constrained peptides with randomized modules can be screened for specific functions. Here, we present the properties of conformationally constrained peptides and review rigidification chemistries/strategies, as well as synthetic and enzymatic methods of producing macrocyclic peptides. Furthermore, we discuss the in vitro molecular evolution methods for the development of constrained peptides with pre-defined functions. Finally, we briefly present applications of selected constrained peptides to illustrate their exceptional properties as drug candidates, molecular recognition probes, and minimalist catalysts.
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Catalano M, Bassi G, Rotondi G, Khettabi L, Dichiara M, Murer P, Scheuermann J, Soler-Lopez M, Neri D. Discovery, affinity maturation and multimerization of small molecule ligands against human tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:363-369. [PMID: 34041485 PMCID: PMC8130610 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tyrosinase (hTYR) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (hTYRP1) are closely-related enzymes involved in the synthesis of melanin, which are selectively expressed in melanocytes and, in a pathological context, in melanoma lesions. We used a previously described tyrosinase inhibitor (Thiamidol™) and DNA-encoded library technology for the discovery of novel hTYR and hTYRP1 ligands, that could be used as vehicles for melanoma targeting. Performing de novo selections with DNA-encoded libraries, we discovered novel ligands capable of binding to both hTYR and hTYRP1. More potent ligands were obtained by multimerizing Thiamidol™ moieties, leading to homotetrameric structures that avidly bound to melanoma cells, as revealed by flow cytometry. These findings suggest that melanoma lesions may, in the future, be targeted not only by monoclonal antibody reagents but also by small organic ligands. A series of different strategies were oriented toward the discovery of small molecule ligands binding to the human version of tyrosinase (hTYR) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (hTYRP1), which may represent the basis for novel treatments of melanoma.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Catalano
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Bassi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Giulia Rotondi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland .,Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Lyna Khettabi
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France.,CNRS, DCM, Université Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Murer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Montserrat Soler-Lopez
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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Yin H, Craik DJ, Wang CK. Anchor Residues Guide Form and Function in Grafted Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7652-7656. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huawu Yin
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Conan K. Wang
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
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Yin H, Craik DJ, Wang CK. Anchor Residues Guide Form and Function in Grafted Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huawu Yin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - David J. Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Conan K. Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
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Whitty A, Viarengo LA, Zhong M. Progress towards the broad use of non-peptide synthetic macrocycles in drug discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:7729-7735. [PMID: 28876025 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We discuss progress towards addressing three key questions pertaining to the design of screening libraries of synthetic non-peptidic macrocycles (MCs) for drug discovery: What structural and physicochemical properties of MCs maximize the likelihood of achieving strong and specific binding to protein targets? What features render a protein target suitable for binding MCs, and can this information be used to identify suitable targets for inhibition by MCs? What properties of synthetic MCs confer good pharmaceutical properties, and particularly good aqueous solubility coupled with passive membrane permeability? We additionally discuss how the criteria that define a meaningful MC screening hit are linked to the size of the screening library and the synthetic methodology employed in its preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Whitty
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Goto Y, Suga H. ArtificialIn VitroBiosynthesis Systems for the Development of Pseudo-Natural Products. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Goto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST-CREST, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Abstract
In this report, we describe an efficient way to generate libraries of macrocyclic glycopeptides in one step by reacting phage-displayed libraries of peptides with dichloro-oxime derivatives. We showed that the reactions do not interfere with the ability of phage to replicate in bacteria. The reactions are site-selective for phage-displayed peptides and they do not modify any other proteins of phage. The technology described in this report will be instrumental for genetic selection of macrocyclic glycopeptides for diverse glycan-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ng
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Ratmir Derda
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
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Kodadek T, McEnaney PJ. Towards vast libraries of scaffold-diverse, conformationally constrained oligomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6038-59. [PMID: 26996593 PMCID: PMC4846527 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00617e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is great interest in the development of probe molecules and drug leads that would bind tightly and selectively to protein surfaces that are difficult to target with traditional molecules, such as those involved in protein-protein interactions. The currently available evidence suggests that this will require molecules that are larger and have quite different chemical properties than typical Lipinski-compliant molecules that target enzyme active sites. We describe here efforts to develop vast libraries of conformationally constrained oligomers as a potentially rich source of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kodadek
- Departments of Chemistry and Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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