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Arbon D, Ženíšková K, Šubrtová K, Mach J, Štursa J, Machado M, Zahedifard F, Leštinová T, Hierro-Yap C, Neuzil J, Volf P, Ganter M, Zoltner M, Zíková A, Werner L, Sutak R. Repurposing of MitoTam: Novel Anti-Cancer Drug Candidate Exhibits Potent Activity against Major Protozoan and Fungal Pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0072722. [PMID: 35856666 PMCID: PMC9380531 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00727-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the currently available anti-parasitic and anti-fungal frontline drugs have severe limitations, including adverse side effects, complex administration, and increasing occurrence of resistance. The discovery and development of new therapeutic agents is a costly and lengthy process. Therefore, repurposing drugs with already established clinical application offers an attractive, fast-track approach for novel treatment options. In this study, we show that the anti-cancer drug candidate MitoTam, a mitochondria-targeted analog of tamoxifen, efficiently eliminates a wide range of evolutionarily distinct pathogens in vitro, including pathogenic fungi, Plasmodium falciparum, and several species of trypanosomatid parasites, causative agents of debilitating neglected tropical diseases. MitoTam treatment was also effective in vivo and significantly reduced parasitemia of two medically important parasites, Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma brucei, in their respective animal infection models. Functional analysis in the bloodstream form of T. brucei showed that MitoTam rapidly altered mitochondrial functions, particularly affecting cellular respiration, lowering ATP levels, and dissipating mitochondrial membrane potential. Our data suggest that the mode of action of MitoTam involves disruption of the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to rapid organelle depolarization and cell death. Altogether, MitoTam is an excellent candidate drug against several important pathogens, for which there are no efficient therapies and for which drug development is not a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Arbon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Ženíšková
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Šubrtová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mach
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Štursa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Machado
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Farnaz Zahedifard
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Leštinová
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Department of Parasitology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carolina Hierro-Yap
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Volf
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Department of Parasitology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markus Ganter
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zoltner
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zíková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Werner
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Sutak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
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Gao F, Zhao Y, Zhang B, Xiao C, Sun Z, Gao Y, Dou X. Mitochondrial targeted astaxanthin liposomes for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury based on oxidative stress. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:303-314. [DOI: 10.1177/08853282221087102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) refers to the clinical state of decreased coronary blood flow caused by various causes. The main pathogenesis of MI/RI is mitochondrial oxidative damage. In this study, we designed a novel mitochondrial targeted astaxanthin (AST) liposome, namely, STPP-AST-LIP, targeting mitochondria of H9c2 myocardial cells. STPP-AST-LIP not only reduced the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also increased the survival rate of MI/RI H9c2 cells. In addition, rat experiments further confirmed that STPP-AST-LIP could improve myocardial cardiac function in MI/RI rats, significantly inhibited apoptosis of myocardial cells, and had a protective effect on the heart of rats after MI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
| | - Yongcheng Zhao
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
| | - Chunwei Xiao
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
| | - Zhanfa Sun
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
| | - Xueyong Dou
- Department cardiovascular surgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital
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Chen X, Fu C, Wang Y, Wu Q, Meng X, Xu K. Mitochondria-targeting nanoparticles for enhanced microwave ablation of cancer. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15677-15685. [PMID: 30091769 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03927e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although microwave ablation is widely used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, it is only recommended for the therapy of cancer with a diameter of 3 cm or less because of the limited heat transmission radius. Mitochondria play an important role in the apoptotic events of tumor cells. Here, we developed mitochondria-targeting zirconia (ZrO2) complex nanoparticles (MZCNs) as nanoagents for efficient cancer therapy by microwave ablation. The MZCNs are composed of ZrO2 nanoparticles encapsulating the microwave-sensitive ionic liquid (IL) and co-decorated with the mitochondria-targeting molecule of triphenylphosphonium (TPP), and the tumor cell-targeting peptide iRGD. The cell experiment results reveal that the amount of MZCNs accumulated in the tumor is obviously increased by the synergistically targeted delivery of TPP and iRGD peptide after administration by intravenous injection. Besides, the in vitro experiments demonstrate that MZCNs are distributed preferentially in the mitochondria with the assistance of TPP molecules. More importantly, the in vivo experiments in mice administered with MZCNs show that the effective area with a temperature above 42 °C was about 2.8-fold larger than that of the controls due to the targeting effect and better microwave sensitivity of the MZCNs. As such, the cancer in mice can be eradicated without recurrence, demonstrating the MZCNs as promising nanoagents for efficient cancer therapy by microwave ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Zielonka J, Sikora A, Hardy M, Ouari O, Vasquez-Vivar J, Cheng G, Lopez M, Kalyanaraman B. Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Based Compounds: Syntheses, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10043-10120. [PMID: 28654243 PMCID: PMC5611849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 951] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Currently, the most effective way to deliver drugs specifically to mitochondria is by covalent linking a lipophilic cation such as an alkyltriphenylphosphonium moiety to a pharmacophore of interest. Other delocalized lipophilic cations, such as rhodamine, natural and synthetic mitochondria-targeting peptides, and nanoparticle vehicles, have also been used for mitochondrial delivery of small molecules. Depending on the approach used, and the cell and mitochondrial membrane potentials, more than 1000-fold higher mitochondrial concentration can be achieved. Mitochondrial targeting has been developed to study mitochondrial physiology and dysfunction and the interaction between mitochondria and other subcellular organelles and for treatment of a variety of diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. In this Review, we discuss efforts to target small-molecule compounds to mitochondria for probing mitochondria function, as diagnostic tools and potential therapeutics. We describe the physicochemical basis for mitochondrial accumulation of lipophilic cations, synthetic chemistry strategies to target compounds to mitochondria, mitochondrial probes, and sensors, and examples of mitochondrial targeting of bioactive compounds. Finally, we review published attempts to apply mitochondria-targeted agents for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Marcos Lopez
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biotechnology Laboratories, Cardiovascular Foundation of Colombia, Carrera 5a No. 6-33, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia, 681003
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B No. 36-00, Cali, Colombia, 760032
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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Alkhaldi AAM, Martinek J, Panicucci B, Dardonville C, Zíková A, de Koning HP. Trypanocidal action of bisphosphonium salts through a mitochondrial target in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2015; 6:23-34. [PMID: 27054061 PMCID: PMC4805778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilic bisphosphonium salts are among the most promising antiprotozoal leads currently under investigation. As part of their preclinical evaluation we here report on their mode of action against African trypanosomes, the etiological agents of sleeping sickness. The bisphosphonium compounds CD38 and AHI-9 exhibited rapid inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei growth, apparently the result of cell cycle arrest that blocked the replication of mitochondrial DNA, contained in the kinetoplast, thereby preventing the initiation of S-phase. Incubation with either compound led to a rapid reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels decreased by approximately 50% within 1 h. Between 4 and 8 h, cellular calcium levels increased, consistent with release from the depolarized mitochondria. Within the mitochondria, the Succinate Dehydrogenase complex (SDH) was investigated as a target for bisphosphonium salts, but while its subunit 1 (SDH1) was present at low levels in the bloodstream form trypanosomes, the assembled complex was hardly detectable. RNAi knockdown of the SDH1 subunit produced no growth phenotype, either in bloodstream or in the procyclic (insect) forms and we conclude that in trypanosomes SDH is not the target for bisphosphonium salts. Instead, the compounds inhibited ATP production in intact mitochondria, as well as the purified F1 ATPase, to a level that was similar to 1 mM azide. Co-incubation with azide and bisphosphonium compounds did not inhibit ATPase activity more than either product alone. The results show that, in T. brucei, bisphosphonium compounds do not principally act on succinate dehydrogenase but on the mitochondrial FoF1 ATPase. Bisphosphonium salts display highly promising antiprotozoal activity. It has been reported that, in Leishmania, they act on the mitochondrial SDH complex. We show that in Trypanosoma brucei SDH is not essential and not the drug target. Instead, we present strong evidence that the F1F0 ATPase is the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam A M Alkhaldi
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Martinek
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre & Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Brian Panicucci
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre & Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alena Zíková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre & Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Harry P de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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