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Pedroza LA, van den Haak F, Frumovitz A, Hernandez E, Hegewisch-Solloa E, Orange TK, Sheehan KB, Prockop S, Bodansky A, Chinn IK, Lupski JR, Posey JE, Mace EM, Li Y, Orange JS. The Golgi complex governs natural killer cell lytic granule positioning to promote directionality in cytotoxicity. Cell Rep 2025; 44:115156. [PMID: 39813120 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic immune cells mediate precise attacks against diseased cells to maintain organismal health. Their operational unit of killing and host defense is lytic granules (LGs), which are specialized lysosomal-related organelles. Precision in cytotoxicity is achieved by converging the many LGs to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and polarizing these to the diseased cell for secretion. We identify unappreciated intimate relationships between the Golgi, MTOC, and LGs after cytotoxic cell activation, as well as the trans-Golgin protein GCC2 on the LG surface. GCC2 serves to tether LGs to the Golgi following convergence, and both GCC2 and the Golgi are required for the persistence of convergence. GCC2 allows LGs to utilize the Golgi as a docking station preventing LG dispersion and innocent bystander killing in complex three-dimensional environments. We also identify GCC2 variants causing human natural killer cell deficiency, further emphasizing the importance of LG convergence and Golgi linkage in precision targeting for human immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Pedroza
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Alexander Frumovitz
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Evelyn Hernandez
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Tabitha K Orange
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - Aaron Bodansky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ivan K Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Emily M Mace
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Fisher P, Ungar D. Bridging the Gap between Glycosylation and Vesicle Traffic. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:15. [PMID: 27014691 PMCID: PMC4781848 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is recognized as a vitally important posttranslational modification. The structure of glycans that decorate proteins and lipids is largely dictated by biosynthetic reactions occurring in the Golgi apparatus. This biosynthesis relies on the relative distribution of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, which is maintained by retrograde vesicle traffic between Golgi cisternae. Tethering of vesicles at the Golgi apparatus prior to fusion is regulated by Rab GTPases, coiled-coil tethers termed golgins and the multisubunit tethering complex known as the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. In this review we discuss the mechanisms involved in vesicle tethering at the Golgi apparatus and highlight the importance of tethering in the context of glycan biosynthesis and a set of diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fisher
- Department of Biology, University of York York, UK
| | - Daniel Ungar
- Department of Biology, University of York York, UK
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