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Singh C, Kumar R, Sehgal H, Bhati S, Singhal T, Gayacharan, Nimmy MS, Yadav R, Gupta SK, Abdallah NA, Hamwieh A, Kumar R. Unclasping potentials of genomics and gene editing in chickpea to fight climate change and global hunger threat. Front Genet 2023; 14:1085024. [PMID: 37144131 PMCID: PMC10153629 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1085024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomics and genome editing promise enormous opportunities for crop improvement and elementary research. Precise modification in the specific targeted location of a genome has profited over the unplanned insertional events which are generally accomplished employing unadventurous means of genetic modifications. The advent of new genome editing procedures viz; zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), homing endonucleases, transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs), Base Editors (BEs), and Primer Editors (PEs) enable molecular scientists to modulate gene expressions or create novel genes with high precision and efficiency. However, all these techniques are exorbitant and tedious since their prerequisites are difficult processes that necessitate protein engineering. Contrary to first generation genome modifying methods, CRISPR/Cas9 is simple to construct, and clones can hypothetically target several locations in the genome with different guide RNAs. Following the model of the application in crop with the help of the CRISPR/Cas9 module, various customized Cas9 cassettes have been cast off to advance mark discrimination and diminish random cuts. The present study discusses the progression in genome editing apparatuses, and their applications in chickpea crop development, scientific limitations, and future perspectives for biofortifying cytokinin dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, superoxide dismutase to induce drought resistance, heat tolerance and higher yield in chickpea to encounter global climate change, hunger and nutritional threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charul Singh
- USBT, Guru Govind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad Prayagraj, Prayagraj, India
| | - Hansa Sehgal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences, Pilani, India
| | - Sharmista Bhati
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Tripti Singhal
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayacharan
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - M. S. Nimmy
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Aladdin Hamwieh
- The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Chen H, Luo J, Zheng P, Zhang X, Zhang C, Li X, Wang M, Huang Y, Liu X, Jan M, Liu Y, Hu P, Tu J. Application of Cre-lox gene switch to limit the Cry expression in rice green tissues. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14505. [PMID: 29109405 PMCID: PMC5673937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of genetically modified (GM) protein in the endosperm is important information for the public when considering the biological safety of transgenic rice. To limit the expression of GM proteins to rice green tissues, we developed a modified Cre-lox gene switch using two cassettes named KEY and LOCK. KEY contains a nuclear-localized Cre recombinase driven by the green-tissue-specific promoter rbcS. LOCK contains a Nos terminator (NosT), which is used to block the expression of the gene of interest (GOI), bounded by two loxP sites. When KEY and LOCK are pyramided into hybrid rice, a complete gene switch system is formed. The Cre recombinase from KEY excises loxP-NosT in LOCK and unlocks the GOI in green tissues but keeps it locked in the endosperm. This regulatory effect was demonstrated by eYFP and Bt expression assays. The presence of eYFP and Cre were confirmed in the leaf, sheath, stem, and glume but not in the root, anther or seed of the gene-switch-controlled eYFP hybrids. Meanwhile, gene switch-controlled Bt hybrid rice not only confined the expression of Bt protein to the green tissues but also showed high resistance to striped stem borers and leaffolders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ju Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute. Ti-Yu-Chang Road No 359, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mugui Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mehmood Jan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute. Ti-Yu-Chang Road No 359, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Jumin Tu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road No 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Srivastava V, Thomson J. Gene stacking by recombinases. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:471-82. [PMID: 26332944 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficient methods of stacking genes into plant genomes are needed to expedite transfer of multigenic traits to crop varieties of diverse ecosystems. Over two decades of research has identified several DNA recombinases that carryout efficient cis and trans recombination between the recombination sites artificially introduced into the plant chromosome. The specificity and efficiency of recombinases make them extremely attractive for genome engineering. In plant biotechnology, recombinases have mostly been used for removing selectable marker genes and have rarely been extended to more complex applications. The reversibility of recombination, a property of the tyrosine family of recombinases, does not lend itself to gene stacking approaches that involve rounds of transformation for integrating genes into the engineered sites. However, recent developments in the field of recombinases have overcome these challenges and paved the way for gene stacking. Some of the key advancements include the application of unidirectional recombination systems, modification of recombination sites and transgene site modifications to allow repeated site-specific integrations into the selected site. Gene stacking is relevant to agriculturally important crops, many of which are difficult to transform; therefore, development of high-efficiency gene stacking systems will be important for its application on agronomically important crops, and their elite varieties. Recombinases, by virtue of their specificity and efficiency in plant cells, emerge as powerful tools for a variety of applications including gene stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Srivastava
- Department of Crop, Soil & Environmental Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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