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Arman I, Haus-Cohen M, Reiter Y. The Intracellular Proteome as a Source for Novel Targets in CAR-T and T-Cell Engagers-Based Immunotherapy. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010027. [PMID: 36611821 PMCID: PMC9818436 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The impressive clinical success of cancer immunotherapy has motivated the continued search for new targets that may serve to guide potent effector functions in an attempt to efficiently kill malignant cells. The intracellular proteome is an interesting source for such new targets, such as neo-antigens and others, with growing interest in their application for cell-based immunotherapies. These intracellular-derived targets are peptides presented by MHC class I molecules on the cell surface of malignant cells. These disease-specific class I HLA-peptide complexes can be targeted by specific TCRs or by antibodies that mimic TCR-specificity, termed TCR-like (TCRL) antibodies. Adoptive cell transfer of TCR engineered T cells and T-cell-receptor-like based CAR-T cells, targeted against a peptide-MHC of interest, are currently tested as cancer therapeutic agents in pre-clinical and clinical trials, along with soluble TCR- and TCRL-based agents, such as immunotoxins and bi-specific T cell engagers. Targeting the intracellular proteome using TCRL- and TCR-based molecules shows promising results in cancer immunotherapy, as exemplified by the success of the anti-gp100/HLA-A2 TCR-based T cell engager, recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic uveal melanoma. This review is focused on the selection and isolation processes of TCR- and TCRL-based targeting moieties, with a spotlight on pre-clinical and clinical studies, examining peptide-MHC targeting agents in cancer immunotherapy.
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Ortega PA, Silva-Miranda M, Torres-Larios A, Campos-Chávez E, Franken KCLCM, Ottenhoff THM, Ivanyi J, Espitia C. Selection of a Single Domain Antibody, Specific for an HLA-Bound Epitope of the Mycobacterial Ag85B Antigen. Front Immunol 2020; 11:577815. [PMID: 33117380 PMCID: PMC7564862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.577815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells recognizing epitopes on the surface of mycobacteria-infected macrophages can impart protection, but with associated risk for reactivation to lung pathology. We aimed to identify antibodies specific to such epitopes, which carry potentials for development toward novel therapeutic constructs. Since epitopes presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex alleles are rarely recognized by naturally produced antibodies, we used a phage display library for the identification of monoclonal human single domain antibody producing clones. The selected 2C clone displayed T cell receptor-like recognition of an HLA-A*0201 bound 199KLVANNTRL207 peptide from the Ag85B antigen, which is known to be an immunodominant epitope for human T cells. The specificity of the selected domain antibody was demonstrated by solid phase immunoassay and by immunofluorescent surface staining of peptide loaded cells of the T2 cell line. The antibody affinity binding was determined by biolayer interferometry. Our results validated the used technologies as suitable for the generation of antibodies against epitopes on the surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected cells. The potential approaches forward the development of antibody in immunotherapy of tuberculosis have been outlined in the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Ortega
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mayra Silva-Miranda
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,CONACyT-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfredo Torres-Larios
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eduardo Campos-Chávez
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Kees C L C M Franken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Juraj Ivanyi
- Center for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Espitia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Center for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Yang X, Xie S, Yang X, Cueva JC, Hou X, Tang Z, Yao H, Mo F, Yin S, Liu A, Lu X. Opportunities and Challenges for Antibodies against Intracellular Antigens. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7792-7806. [PMID: 31695801 PMCID: PMC6831482 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are one most significant advances in immunotherapy, the development of antibodies against disease-associated MHC-peptide complexes led to the introduction of TCR-like antibodies. TCR-like antibodies combine the recognition of intracellular proteins with the therapeutic potency and versatility of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), offering an unparalleled opportunity to expand the repertoire of therapeutic antibodies available to treat diseases like cancer. This review details the current state of TCR-like antibodies and describes their production, mechanisms as well as their applications. In addition, it presents an insight on the challenges that they must overcome in order to become commercially and clinically validated.
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Zhang S, Zhang M, Wu W, Yuan Z, Tsun A, Wu M, Chen B, Li J, Miao X, Miao X, Liu X, Yu D, Liu J. Frontiers and Opportunities: Highlights of the 2 nd Annual Conference of the Chinese Antibody Society. Antib Ther 2018; 1:65-74. [PMID: 30406214 PMCID: PMC7990132 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tby009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese Antibody Society (CAS) convened the second annual conference in Cambridge, MA, USA on 29 April 2018. More than 600 members from around the world attended the meeting. Invited speakers discussed the latest advancements in therapeutic antibodies with an emphasis on the progress made in China. The meeting covered a vast variety of topics including the current status of therapeutic antibodies, the progress of immuno-oncology, and biosimilars in China. The conference presentations also included the development of several novel antibodies such as antibodies related to weight loss, T-cell receptor-mimicking antibodies that target intracellular antigens, and tumor-targeting antibodies that utilize both innate and adaptive immune pathways. At the meeting, the CAS announced the launch of its official journal-Antibody Therapeutics-in collaboration with Oxford University Press. The conference was concluded by a panel discussion on how to bring a therapeutic drug developed in China to the USA for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhijun Yuan
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Andy Tsun
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Wu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bingliang Chen
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia Li
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoniu Miao
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoliang Miao
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dechao Yu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junjian Liu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Engineering chimeric antigen receptor-T cells for cancer treatment. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:32. [PMID: 29448937 PMCID: PMC5815249 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumor heterogeneity of tumor clones and an immunosuppressive microenvironment in cancer ecosystems contribute to inherent difficulties for tumor treatment. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been successfully applied in the treatment of B-cell malignancies, underscoring its great potential in antitumor therapy. However, functional challenges of CAR-T cell therapy, especially in solid tumors, remain. Here, we describe cancer-immunity phenotypes from a clonal-stromal-immune perspective and elucidate mechanisms of T-cell exhaustion that contribute to tumor immune evasion. Then we assess the functional challenges of CAR-T cell therapy, including cell trafficking and infiltration, targeted-recognition and killing of tumor cells, T-cell proliferation and persistence, immunosuppressive microenvironment and self-control regulation. Finally, we delineate tumor precision informatics and advancements in engineered CAR-T cells to counteract inherent challenges of the CAR-T cell therapy, either alone or in combination with traditional therapeutics, and highlight the therapeutic potential of this approach in future tumor precision treatment.
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