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Design of Smart Nanodiamonds: Introducing pH Sensitivity to Improve Nucleic Acid Carrier Efficiency of Diamoplexes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091794. [PMID: 36145542 PMCID: PMC9501119 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of cellular uptake and intracellular fate of nanodiamond/nucleic acid complexes (diamoplexes) are major determinants of its performance as a gene carrier. Our group designed lysine-nanodiamonds (K-NDs) as vectors for nucleic acid delivery. In this work, we modified the surface of K-NDs with histidine to overcome endo-lysosomal entrapment diamoplexes, the major rate limiting step in gene transfer. Histidine is conjugated onto the NDs in two configurations: lysyl-histidine-NDs (HK-NDs) where histidine is loaded on 100% of the lysine moieties and lysine/lysyl-histidine-NDs (H50K50-NDs) where histidine is loaded on 50% of the lysine moieties. Both HK-NDs and H50K50-NDs maintained the optimum size distribution (i.e., <200 nm) and a cationic surface (zeta potential > 20 mV), similar to K-NDs. HK-NDs binds plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (pDNA) and small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) forming diamoplexes at mass ratios of 10:1 and 60:1, respectively. H50K50-NDs significantly improved nucleic acid binding, forming diamoplexes at a 2:1 mass ratio with pDNA and a 30:1 mass ratio with siRNA, which are at values similar to the K-NDs. The amount of histidine on the surface also impacted the interactions with mammalian cells. The HK-NDs reduced the cell viability by 30% at therapeutic concentrations, while H50K50-NDs maintained more than 90% cell viability, even at the highest concentrations. H50K50-NDs also showed highest cellular uptake within 24 h, followed by K-NDs and HK-NDs. Most functionalized NDs show cellular exit after 5 days, leaving less than 10% of cells with internalized diamonds. The addition of histidine to the ND resulted in higher transfection of anti-green fluorescent protein siRNA (anti-GFP siRNA) with the fraction of GFP knockdown being 0.8 vs. 0.6 for K-NDs at a mass ratio of 50:1. H50K50-NDs further improved transfection by achieving a similar fraction of GFP knockdown (0.8) at a lower mass ratio of 30:1. Overall, this study provides evidence that the addition of histidine, a pH-modulating entity in the functionalization design at an optimized ratio, renders high efficiency to the diamoplexes. Further studies will elucidate the uptake mechanism and intracellular fate to build the relationship between physicochemical characteristics and biological efficacy and create a platform for solid-core nanoparticle-based gene delivery.
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Bholakant R, Qian H, Zhang J, Huang X, Huang D, Feijen J, Zhong Y, Chen W. Recent Advances of Polycationic siRNA Vectors for Cancer Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2966-2982. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raut Bholakant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hongliang Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jan Feijen
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Science and Technology, TECHMED Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yinan Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Mun B, Jang E, Han S, Son HY, Choi Y, Huh YM, Haam S. Efficient Self-Assembled MicroRNA Delivery System Consisting of Cholesterol-Conjugated MicroRNA and PEGylated Polycationic Polymer for Tumor Treatment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2219-2228. [PMID: 35030660 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR), a key molecule involved in endogenous RNA interference, is a promising therapeutic agent. In vivo delivery of miR, however, is a major factor limiting its application because its polyanionic nature and vulnerability to breakdown make delivery of miR to targeted lesions difficult. To overcome these challenges, we developed a self-assembled miR delivery system consisting of cholesterol-conjugated miR and polyethylene glycol-grafted polyethylene imine. Nanosized complexes of miR with polyethylene imine, which protected miR and its delivery into targeted lesions in vivo, were successfully synthesized by polyethylene glycol grafting. The hydrophobicity of cholesterol improved the structural stability of the complex, preventing the loss of miR. Here, we report the preparation of this self-assembled complex. We examined the delivery efficiency and validated the therapeutic efficacy of the complex. In conclusion, our miR delivery system shows considerable potential for effective in vivo delivery of miR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonggeol Mun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Jang
- MediBio-Informatics Research Center, Novomics Co. Ltd., Seoul 07217, Korea
| | - Seungmin Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Son
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.,YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Choi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.,YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute(SBSI), Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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Zhi D, Bai Y, Yang J, Cui S, Zhao Y, Chen H, Zhang S. A review on cationic lipids with different linkers for gene delivery. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 253:117-140. [PMID: 29454463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cationic lipids have become known as one of the most versatile tools for the delivery of DNA, RNA and many other therapeutic molecules, and are especially attractive because they can be easily designed, synthesized and characterized. Most of cationic lipids share the common structure of cationic head groups and hydrophobic portions with linker bonds between both domains. The linker bond is an important determinant of the chemical stability and biodegradability of cationic lipid, and further governs its transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. Based on the structures of linker bonds, they can be grouped into many types, such as ether, ester, amide, carbamate, disulfide, urea, acylhydrazone, phosphate, and other unusual types (carnitine, vinyl ether, ketal, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, malonic acid diamide and dihydroxybenzene). This review summarizes some research results concerning the nature (such as the structure and orientation of linker groups) and density (such as the spacing and the number of linker groups) of linker bond for improving the chemical stability, biodegradability, transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of cationic lipid to overcome the critical barriers of in vitro and in vivo transfection.
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Zhao G, Long L, Zhang L, Peng M, Cui T, Wen X, Zhou X, Sun L, Che L. Smart pH-sensitive nanoassemblies with cleavable PEGylation for tumor targeted drug delivery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3383. [PMID: 28611459 PMCID: PMC5469818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new acidly sensitive PEGylated polyethylenimine linked by Schiff base (PEG-s-PEI) was designed to render pH-sensitive PEGylation nanoassemblies through multiple interactions with indomethacin and docetaxel (DTX). DTX nanoassemblies driven by PEG-s-PEI thus formulated exhibited an excellent pH-sensitivity PEGylation cleavage performance at extracellular pH of tumor microenvironment, compared to normal tissues, thereby long circulated in blood but were highly phagocytosed by tumor cells. Consequently, this smart pH-sensitive PEGylation cleavage provided an efficient strategy to target tumor microenvironment, in turn afforded superior therapeutic outcome in anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanren Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 309 of PLA, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ling Long
- Department of oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 309 of PLA, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Mingli Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 309 of PLA, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ting Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 309 of PLA, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaoxun Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 309 of PLA, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Lijun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 309 of PLA, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Ling Che
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital 309 of PLA, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Wang D, Wu LP. Nanomaterials for delivery of nucleic acid to the central nervous system (CNS). MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:1039-1046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liu J, Xu L, Jin Y, Qi C, Li Q, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang L. Cell-Targeting Cationic Gene Delivery System Based on a Modular Design Rationale. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14200-14210. [PMID: 27191222 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
En route to target cells, a gene carrier faces multiple extra- and intracellular hurdles that would affect delivery efficacy. Although diverse strategies have been proposed to functionalize gene carriers for individually overcoming these barriers, it is challenging to generate a single multifunctional gene carrier capable of surmounting all these barriers. Aiming at this challenge, we have developed a supramolecular modular approach to fabricate a multifunctional cationic gene delivery system. It consists of two prefunctionalized modules: (1) a host module: a polymer (PCD-SS-PDMAEMA) composed of poly(β-cyclodextrin) backbone and disulfide-linked PDMAEMA arms, expectedly acting to compact DNA and release DNA upon cleavage of disulfide linkers in reductive microenvironment; and (2) a guest module: adamantyl and folate terminated PEG (Ad-PEG-FA), expectedly functioning to reduce nonspecific interactions, improve biocompatibility, and provide folate-mediated cellular targeting specificity. Through the host-guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin units of the "host" module and adamantyl groups of the "guest" module, the PCD-SS-PDMAEMA-1 (host) and Ad-PEG-FA (guest) self-assemble forming a supramolecular pseudocopolymer (PCD-SS-PDMAEMA-1/PEG-FA). Our comprehensive analyses demonstrate that the functions preassigned to the two building modules are well realized. The gene carrier effectively compacts DNA into stable nanosized polyplexes resistant to enzymatic digestion, triggers DNA release in reducing environment, possesses significantly improved hemocompatibility, and specifically targets folate-receptor positive cells. Most importantly, endowed with these predesigned functions, the PCD-SS-PDMAEMA-1/PEG-FA supramolecular gene carrier exhibits excellent transfection efficacy for both pDNA and siRNA. Thus, this work represents a proof-of-concept example showing the efficiency and convenience of an adaptable, modular approach for conferring multiple functions to a single supramolecular gene carrier toward effective in vivo delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Luming Xu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yunti Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
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