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Hartl N, Gabold B, Uhl P, Kromer A, Xiao X, Fricker G, Mier W, Liu R, Merkel OM. ApoE-functionalization of nanoparticles for targeted brain delivery-a feasible method for polyplexes? Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1660-1677. [PMID: 38087181 PMCID: PMC11052808 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a major obstacle in the treatment of all types of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) offers in principle a promising therapeutic approach by downregulating disease-related genes via RNA interference. However, the BBB is a formidable barrier for macromolecules such as nucleic acids. In an effort to develop a brain-targeted strategy for siRNA delivery systems formed by electrostatic interactions with cationic polymers (polyplexes (PXs)), we investigated the suitability of the well-known surfactant-based approach for Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs). The aim of this present work was to investigate if ApoE coating of siRNA PXs formed with cationic branched 25-kDa poly(ethyleneimine) (b-PEI) and nylon-3 polymers without or after precoating with polysorbate 80 (PS 80) would promote successful delivery across the BBB. We utilized highly hydrophobic NM0.2/CP0.8 nylon-3 polymers to evaluate the effects of hydrophobic cyclopentyl (CP) subunits on ApoE binding efficacy and observed successful ApoE binding with and without PS 80 precoating to the nylon-3 but not the PEI polyplexes. Accordingly, ApoE-coated nylon-3 polyplexes showed significantly increased uptake and gene silencing in U87 glioma cells but no benefit in vivo. In conclusion, further optimization of ApoE-functionalized polyplexes and more sophisticated in vitro models are required to achieve more successful in vitro-in vivo translation in future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Hartl
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Gabold
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Uhl
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Kromer
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ximian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gert Fricker
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Evaluation of siRNA Stability and Interaction with Serum Components Using an Agarose Gel-Based Single-Molecule FRET Labeling Method. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33928569 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1298-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are RNA molecules with promising therapeutic potential as a result of their selective mRNA cleavage. However, despite recent progress, low stability in the bloodstream is an impediment to successful administration in vivo. Thus, the availability of flexible and rapid methods for studying siRNA stability and vehicles is crucial for future novel siRNA-based therapeutics. Herein, we report a fast Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) method based on agarose gel electrophoresis to evaluate the stability of siRNA in serum as well as siRNA interaction with serum proteins and enzymes.
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3
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Tao YK, Hou XY, Gao H, Zhang X, Zuo FM, Wang Y, Li XX, Jiang G. Grade-targeted nanoparticles for improved hypoxic tumor microenvironment and enhanced photodynamic cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:221-235. [PMID: 33533660 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The hypoxia of the tumor microenvironment (TME), low transfer efficiency of photosensitizers and limited diffusion distance of reactive oxygen species restrict the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Aim: To produce TME-responsive and effective nanoparticles for sensitizing PDT. Materials & methods: CD44 and mitochondria grade-targeted hyaluronic acid (HA)-triphenylphosphine (TPP)-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-catalase (CAT) nanoparticles (HTACNPs) were synthesized via a modified double-emulsion method. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate the antitumor efficacy of HTACNP-mediated PDT. Results: HTACNPs specifically targeted MV3 cells and the mitochondria and produced O2 to relieve TME hypoxia. HTACNP-mediated PDT produced reactive oxygen species to induce irreversible cell apoptosis. HTACNP-PDT inhibited melanoma growth effectively in vivo. Conclusion: HTACNP-mediated PDT improved TME hypoxia and effectively enhanced PDT for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Kai Tao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.,Department of Dermatology, Changzhou First People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Hou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Feng-Mei Zuo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
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4
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Tuttolomondo M, Ditzel HJ. Simple FRET Electrophoresis Method for Precise and Dynamic Evaluation of Serum siRNA Stability. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:195-202. [PMID: 32071688 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are potent therapeutic molecules, but despite recent progress, their administration in vivo remains challenging due to their low stability in the bloodstream. Thus, techniques for investigating the stability of siRNA are fundamental for the development of efficient siRNA delivery systems. We designed a simple FRET electrophoresis method to dynamically evaluate serum siRNA stability in parallel with its interaction with the serum components. Each strand of the siRNA was labeled with the fluorophore carboxyfluorescein (FAM) at the 5'-end and the quencher carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) at the 3'-end. After incubation in serum, molecular stability was proportional to the FRET efficiency that could be quantified in-gel by ImageJ analysis. Compared to the usual gel-shift and other plate-based FRET assays, this method is more sensitive and allows investigation of the stability of serum siRNA and siRNA-based nanoparticles, as well as the extrapolation of degradation kinetics in parallel with interaction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tuttolomondo
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik J. Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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5
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Tao Y, Hou X, Zuo F, Li X, Pang Y, Jiang G. Application of nanoparticle-based siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems in gene-targeted therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:511-514. [PMID: 30806159 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Xiaoyang Hou
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Fengmei Zuo
- College of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yanyu Pang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
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6
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Jones SK, Douglas K, Shields AF, Merkel OM. Correlating quantitative tumor accumulation and gene knockdown using SPECT/CT and bioluminescence imaging within an orthotopic ovarian cancer model. Biomaterials 2018; 178:183-192. [PMID: 29935386 PMCID: PMC6056733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Using an orthotopic model of ovarian cancer, we studied the delivery of siRNA in nanoparticles of tri-block copolymers consisting of hyperbranched polyethylenimine-graft-polycaprolactone-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (hyPEI-g-PCL-b-PEG) with and without a folic acid targeting ligand. A SKOV-3/LUC FRα overexpressing cell line was employed to mimic the clinical manifestations of ovarian cancer. Both targeted and non-targeted micelleplexes were able to effectively deliver siRNA to the primary tumor and its metastases, as measured by gamma scintillation counting and confocal microscopy. Stability of the micelleplexes was demonstrated with a serum albumin binding study. Regarding biodistribution, intravenous (I.V.) administration showed a slight advantage of FRα targeted over non-targeted micelleplex accumulation within the tumor. However, both formulations displayed significant liver uptake. On the other hand, intraperitoneally (I.P.) injected mice showed a modest 6% of the injected dose per gram (ID/g) uptake within the primary and most interestingly also in the metastatic lesions which subsequently resulted in a 62% knockdown of firefly luciferase expression in the tumor after a single injection. While this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first paper that correlates quantitative tumor accumulation in an orthotopic tumor model with in vivo gene silencing, these data demonstrate that PEI-g-PCL-b-PEG-Fol conjugates are a promising option for gene knockdown in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Jones
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kirk Douglas
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Anthony F Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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7
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Kano D, Nakagami Y, Kurihara H, Hosokawa S, Zenda S, Kusumoto M, Fujii H, Kaneta T, Saito S, Uesawa Y, Kagaya H. Development of a double-stranded siRNA labelling method by using 99mTc and single photon emission computed tomography imaging. J Drug Target 2016; 25:172-178. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1223675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kano
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakagami
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kurihara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shota Hosokawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadamoto Zenda
- Division of Functional Imaging, Research Centre for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kusumoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujii
- Division of Functional Imaging, Research Centre for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kaneta
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uesawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kagaya
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
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