1
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Khakimzhan A, Izri Z, Thompson S, Dmytrenko O, Fischer P, Beisel C, Noireaux V. Cell-free expression with a quartz crystal microbalance enables rapid, dynamic, and label-free characterization of membrane-interacting proteins. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1005. [PMID: 39152195 PMCID: PMC11329788 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Integral and interacting membrane proteins (IIMPs) constitute a vast family of biomolecules that perform essential functions in all forms of life. However, characterizing their interactions with lipid bilayers remains limited due to challenges in purifying and reconstituting IIMPs in vitro or labeling IIMPs without disrupting their function in vivo. Here, we report cell-free transcription-translation in a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (TXTL-QCMD) to dynamically characterize interactions between diverse IIMPs and membranes without protein purification or labeling. As part of TXTL-QCMD, IIMPs are synthesized using cell-free transcription-translation (TXTL), and their interactions with supported lipid bilayers are measured using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCMD). TXTL-QCMD reconstitutes known IIMP-membrane dependencies, including specific association with prokaryotic or eukaryotic membranes, and the multiple-IIMP dynamical pattern-forming association of the E. coli division-coordinating proteins MinCDE. Applying TXTL-QCMD to the recently discovered Zorya anti-phage system that is unamenable to labeling, we discovered that ZorA and ZorB integrate within the lipids found at the poles of bacteria while ZorE diffuses freely on the non-pole membrane. These efforts establish the potential of TXTL-QCMD to broadly characterize the large diversity of IIMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aset Khakimzhan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ziane Izri
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Seth Thompson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Oleg Dmytrenko
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Fischer
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chase Beisel
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Noireaux
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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2
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Mezhyrova J, Martin J, Börnsen C, Dötsch V, Frangakis AS, Morgner N, Bernhard F. In vitro characterization of the phage lysis protein MS2-L. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:28. [PMID: 38045926 PMCID: PMC10688784 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: The peptide MS2-L represents toxins of the ssRNA Leviviridae phage family and consists of a predicted N-terminal soluble domain followed by a transmembrane domain. MS2-L mediates bacterial cell lysis through the formation of large lesions in the cell envelope, but further details of this mechanism as a prerequisite for applied bioengineering studies are lacking. The chaperone DnaJ is proposed to modulate MS2-L activity, whereas other cellular targets of MS2-L are unknown. Methods: Here, we provide a combined in vitro and in vivo overexpression approach to reveal molecular insights into MS2-L action and its interaction with DnaJ. Full-length MS2-L and truncated derivatives were synthesized cell-free and co-translationally inserted into nanodiscs or solubilized in detergent micelles. By native liquid bead ion desorption mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that MS2-L assembles into high oligomeric states after membrane insertion. Results: Oligomerization is directed by the transmembrane domain and is impaired in detergent environments. Studies with truncated MS2-L derivatives provide evidence that the soluble domain acts as a modulator of oligomer formation. DnaJ strongly interacts with MS2-L in membranes as well as in detergent environments. However, this interaction affects neither the MS2-L membrane insertion efficiency nor its oligomerization in nanodisc membranes. In accordance with the in vitro data, the assembly of MS2-L derivatives into large membrane located clusters was monitored by overexpression of corresponding fusions with fluorescent monitors in E. coli cells. Analysis by cryo-electron microscopy indicates that lesion formation is initiated in the outer membrane, followed by disruption of the peptidoglycan layer and disintegration of the inner membrane. Conclusion: MS2-L forms oligomeric complexes similar to the related phage toxin ΦX174-E. The oligomeric interface of both peptides is located within their transmembrane domains. We propose a potential function of the higher-order assembly of small phage toxins in membrane disintegration and cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julija Mezhyrova
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Janosch Martin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Clara Börnsen
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences & Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Achilleas Stefanos Frangakis
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences & Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Nina Morgner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Frank Bernhard
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
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3
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Ghosh B. Artificial cell design: reconstructing biology for life science applications. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 6:619-627. [PMID: 36398710 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Artificial cells are developed to redesign novel biological functions in a programmable and tunable manner. Although it aims to reconstitute living cell features and address 'origin of life' related questions, rapid development over the years has transformed artificial cells into an engineering tool with huge potential in applied biotechnology. Although the application of artificial cells was introduced decades ago as drug carriers, applications in other sectors are relatively new and could become possible with the technological advancement that can modulate its designing principles. Artificial cells are non-living system that includes no prerequisite designing modules for their formation and therefore allow freedom of assembling desired biological machinery within a physical boundary devoid of complex contemporary living-cell counterparts. As stimuli-responsive biomimetic tools, artificial cells are programmed to sense the surrounding, recognise their target, activate its function and perform the defined task. With the advantage of their customised design, artificial cells are being studied in biosensing, drug delivery, anti-cancer therapeutics or artificial photosynthesis type fields. This mini-review highlights those advanced fields where artificial cells with a minimalistic setup are developed as user-defined custom-made microreactors, targeting to reshape our future 'life'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basusree Ghosh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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4
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Bruni R, Laguerre A, Kaminska A, McSweeney S, Hendrickson WA, Liu Q. High-throughput cell-free screening of eukaryotic membrane protein expression in lipidic mimetics. Protein Sci 2022; 31:639-651. [PMID: 34910339 PMCID: PMC8862427 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins play essential roles in cellular function and metabolism. Nonetheless, biophysical and structural studies of membrane proteins are impeded by the difficulty of their expression in and purification from heterologous cell-based systems. As an alternative to these cell-based systems, cell-free protein synthesis has proven to be an exquisite method for screening membrane protein targets in a variety of lipidic mimetics. Here we report a high-throughput screening workflow and apply it to screen 61 eukaryotic membrane protein targets. For each target, we tested its expression in lipidic mimetics: two detergents, two liposomes, and two nanodiscs. We show that 35 membrane proteins (57%) can be expressed in a soluble fraction in at least one of the mimetics with the two detergents performing significantly better than nanodiscs and liposomes, in that order. Using the established cell-free workflow, we studied the production and biophysical assays for mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) complexes. Our studies show that the complexes produced in cell-free are functionally competent in complex formation and substrate binding. Our results highlight the utility of using cell-free systems for screening and production of eukaryotic membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Bruni
- Center on Membrane Protein Production and Analysis (COMPPÅ)New York Structural Biology CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Aisha Laguerre
- Center on Membrane Protein Production and Analysis (COMPPÅ)New York Structural Biology CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA,Present address:
Roche DiagnosticsSanta ClaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anna‐Maria Kaminska
- Center on Membrane Protein Production and Analysis (COMPPÅ)New York Structural Biology CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA,Present address:
New York Blood CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Wayne A. Hendrickson
- Center on Membrane Protein Production and Analysis (COMPPÅ)New York Structural Biology CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Qun Liu
- NSLS‐II, Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNew YorkUSA,Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNew YorkUSA
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5
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Breger JC, Ellis GA, Walper SA, Susumu K, Medintz IL. Implementing Multi-Enzyme Biocatalytic Systems Using Nanoparticle Scaffolds. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2487:227-262. [PMID: 35687240 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2269-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interest in multi-enzyme synthesis outside of cells (in vitro) is becoming far more prevalent as the field of cell-free synthetic biology grows exponentially. Such synthesis would allow for complex chemical transformations based on the exquisite specificity of enzymes in a "greener" manner as compared to organic chemical transformations. Here, we describe how nanoparticles, and in this specific case-semiconductor quantum dots, can be used to both stabilize enzymes and further allow them to self-assemble into nanocomplexes that facilitate high-efficiency channeling phenomena. Pertinent protocol information is provided on enzyme expression, choice of nanoparticulate material, confirmation of enzyme attachment to nanoparticles, assay format and tracking, data analysis, and optimization of assay formats to draw the best analytical information from the underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C Breger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gregory A Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Scott A Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
- Jacobs Corporation, Hanover, MD, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, Washington, DC, USA.
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6
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Zaitseva E, Obergrussberger A, Weichbrodt C, Boukhet M, Bernhard F, Hein C, Baaken G, Fertig N, Behrends JC. Electrophysiology on Channel-Forming Proteins in Artificial Lipid Bilayers: Next-Generation Instrumentation for Multiple Recordings in Parallel. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2188:67-92. [PMID: 33119847 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0818-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Artificial lipid bilayers have been used for several decades to study channel-forming pores and ion channels in membranes. Until recently, the classical two-chamber setups have been primarily used for studying the biophysical properties of pore forming proteins. Within the last 10 years, instruments for automated lipid bilayer measurements have been developed and are now commercially available. This chapter focuses on protein purification and reconstitution of channel-forming proteins into lipid bilayers using a classic setup and on the commercially available systems, the Orbit mini and Orbit 16.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Frank Bernhard
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry & Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christopher Hein
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry & Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan C Behrends
- Laboratory for Membrane Physiology and Technology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Rauh O, Kukovetz K, Winterstein L, Introini B, Thiel G. Combining in vitro translation with nanodisc technology and functional reconstitution of channels in planar lipid bilayers. Methods Enzymol 2021; 652:293-318. [PMID: 34059286 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies on membrane proteins have been recently enriched by two promising method developments: protocols for cell-free protein synthesis and the use of soluble nanoscale lipid bilayers, so called nanodiscs, as membrane mimics for keeping these proteins in a soluble form. Here, we show how the advantages of these techniques can be combined with the classical planar lipid bilayer method for a functional reconstitution of channel activity. The present data demonstrate that the combination of these methods offers a very rapid and reliable way of recording channel activity in different bilayer systems. This approach has additional advantages in that it strongly lowers the propensity of contamination from the expression system and allows the simultaneous reconstitution of thousands of channel proteins for macroscopic current measurements without compromising bilayer stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Rauh
- Membrane Biophysics and Center for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kerri Kukovetz
- Membrane Biophysics and Center for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Winterstein
- Membrane Biophysics and Center for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bianca Introini
- Department of Biosciences and CNR IBF-Mi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gerhard Thiel
- Membrane Biophysics and Center for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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8
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9
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Yue K, Jiang J, Zhang P, Kai L. Functional Analysis of Aquaporin Water Permeability Using an Escherichia coli-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1000. [PMID: 32974321 PMCID: PMC7466572 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are essential water channel proteins found in all kingdoms of life. Although the water permeability of aquaporins has been well characterized, sample preparation for aquaporin water permeability assays remains challenging and time-consuming. Besides the difficulty in overexpressing membrane proteins in a cell-based expression system, the unique requirement for homogeneity in aquaporin proteoliposome sample preparations for water transport assays further increases the complexity. In this study, a complementary Cell-free Protein Synthesis (CFPS) method is described in detail, providing three different strategies for the preparation of aquaporin proteoliposome samples. Aquaporin can be produced either as a pellet fraction and then resolubilized, or co-translationally as a detergent-soluble fraction. Furthermore, aquaporin can be directly incorporated into liposomes, which was included in the CFPS reactions. Although proteoliposomes tend to fuse during the incubation of the CFPS reactions, an additional treatment of the fused samples with detergent, followed by a detergent removal step, can re-form homogenously sized proteoliposomes suitable for functional analysis. Using this method, we successfully characterized aquaporins from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In particular, in the presence of liposomes, the developed CFPS expression system is a fast and convenient method for sample preparation for the functional analysis of aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yue
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Kai
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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10
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Abstract
The cell-free molecular synthesis of biochemical systems is a rapidly growing field of research. Advances in the Human Genome Project, DNA synthesis, and other technologies have allowed the in vitro construction of biochemical systems, termed cell-free biology, to emerge as an exciting domain of bioengineering. Cell-free biology ranges from the molecular to the cell-population scales, using an ever-expanding variety of experimental platforms and toolboxes. In this review, we discuss the ongoing efforts undertaken in the three major classes of cell-free biology methodologies, namely protein-based, nucleic acids–based, and cell-free transcription–translation systems, and provide our perspectives on the current challenges as well as the major goals in each of the subfields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Noireaux
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Allen P. Liu
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, and the Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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11
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Kelwick RJR, Webb AJ, Freemont PS. Biological Materials: The Next Frontier for Cell-Free Synthetic Biology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:399. [PMID: 32478045 PMCID: PMC7235315 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in cell-free synthetic biology are enabling innovations in sustainable biomanufacturing, that may ultimately shift the global manufacturing paradigm toward localized and ecologically harmonized production processes. Cell-free synthetic biology strategies have been developed for the bioproduction of fine chemicals, biofuels and biological materials. Cell-free workflows typically utilize combinations of purified enzymes, cell extracts for biotransformation or cell-free protein synthesis reactions, to assemble and characterize biosynthetic pathways. Importantly, cell-free reactions can combine the advantages of chemical engineering with metabolic engineering, through the direct addition of co-factors, substrates and chemicals -including those that are cytotoxic. Cell-free synthetic biology is also amenable to automatable design cycles through which an array of biological materials and their underpinning biosynthetic pathways can be tested and optimized in parallel. Whilst challenges still remain, recent convergences between the materials sciences and these advancements in cell-free synthetic biology enable new frontiers for materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. R. Kelwick
- Section of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Webb
- Section of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S. Freemont
- Section of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- The London Biofoundry, Imperial College Translation & Innovation Hub, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Abstract
The interactions between lipids and proteins are one of the most fundamental processes in living organisms, responsible for critical cellular events ranging from replication, cell division, signaling, and movement. Enabling the central coupling responsible for maintaining the functionality of the breadth of proteins, receptors, and enzymes that find their natural home in biological membranes, the fundamental mechanisms of recognition of protein for lipid, and vice versa, have been a focal point of biochemical and biophysical investigations for many decades. Complexes of lipids and proteins, such as the various lipoprotein factions, play central roles in the trafficking of important proteins, small molecules and metabolites and are often implicated in disease states. Recently an engineered lipoprotein particle, termed the nanodisc, a modified form of the human high density lipoprotein fraction, has served as a membrane mimetic for the investigation of membrane proteins and studies of lipid-protein interactions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding this self-assembling lipid-protein complex and provide examples for its utility in the investigation of a large number of biological systems.
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13
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Ayoubi-Joshaghani MH, Dianat-Moghadam H, Seidi K, Jahanban-Esfahalan A, Zare P, Jahanban-Esfahlan R. Cell-free protein synthesis: The transition from batch reactions to minimal cells and microfluidic devices. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1204-1229. [PMID: 31840797 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to the synthetic biology, the laborious and restrictive procedure for producing a target protein in living microorganisms by biotechnological approaches can now experience a robust, pliant yet efficient alternative. The new system combined with lab-on-chip microfluidic devices and nanotechnology offers a tremendous potential envisioning novel cell-free formats such as DNA brushes, hydrogels, vesicular particles, droplets, as well as solid surfaces. Acting as robust microreactors/microcompartments/minimal cells, the new platforms can be tuned to perform various tasks in a parallel and integrated manner encompassing gene expression, protein synthesis, purification, detection, and finally enabling cell-cell signaling to bring a collective cell behavior, such as directing differentiation process, characteristics of higher order entities, and beyond. In this review, we issue an update on recent cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) formats. Furthermore, the latest advances and applications of CFPS for synthetic biology and biotechnology are highlighted. In the end, contemporary challenges and future opportunities of CFPS systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Khaled Seidi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Peyman Zare
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Rues RB, Dong F, Dötsch V, Bernhard F. Systematic optimization of cell-free synthesized human endothelin B receptor folding. Methods 2018; 147:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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15
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Schmidt P, Bender BJ, Kaiser A, Gulati K, Scheidt HA, Hamm HE, Meiler J, Beck-Sickinger AG, Huster D. Improved in Vitro Folding of the Y 2 G Protein-Coupled Receptor into Bicelles. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 4:100. [PMID: 29387686 PMCID: PMC5776092 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prerequisite for structural studies on G protein-coupled receptors is the preparation of highly concentrated, stable, and biologically active receptor samples in milligram amounts of protein. Here, we present an improved protocol for Escherichia coli expression, functional refolding, and reconstitution into bicelles of the human neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 (Y2R) for solution and solid-state NMR experiments. The isotopically labeled receptor is expressed in inclusion bodies and purified using SDS. We studied the details of an improved preparation protocol including the in vitro folding of the receptor, e.g., the native disulfide bridge formation, the exchange of the denaturating detergent SDS, and the functional reconstitution into bicelle environments of varying size. Full pharmacological functionality of the Y2R preparation was shown by a ligand affinity of 4 nM and G-protein activation. Further, simple NMR experiments are used to test sample quality in high micromolar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schmidt
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brian J Bender
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anette Kaiser
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Khushboo Gulati
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Holger A Scheidt
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidi E Hamm
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Daniel Huster
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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