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Roland IS, Le TT, Chen T, Aguilera-Toro M, Nielsen SDH, Larsen LB, Poulsen NA. Storage Stability of Plant-Based Drinks Related to Proteolysis and Generation of Free Amino Acids. Foods 2024; 13:367. [PMID: 38338503 PMCID: PMC10855237 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The market for plant-based drinks (PBDs) is experiencing a surge in consumer demand, especially in Western societies. PBDs are a highly processed food product, and little is known about this relatively new food product category when compared to bovine milk. In the present study, the storage stability, proteolysis and generation of free amino acids were investigated in commercially available PBDs over the course of a one-year storage period. Generally, pH, color and protein solubility were found to be stable in the PBDs during storage, except for the pea-based product, which showed less protein solubility after storage. The pea-based drinks also had higher initial levels of free N-terminals prior to storage compared with levels for the other plant-based drinks, as well as significantly increasing levels of total free, and especially bitter free, amino acids. The development of free amino acids in the oat-based drink indicated that the released amino acids could be involved in various reactions such as the Maillard reaction during the storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Schwartz Roland
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thao T. Le
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Tony Chen
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Miguel Aguilera-Toro
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lotte Bach Larsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nina Aagaard Poulsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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Buckley C, MacHale C, Bones J. Quantitative analysis of residual aurintricarboxylic acid in biotherapeutic process streams using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115798. [PMID: 37865022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) is an excipient that can be added to the therapeutic protein manufacturing process as a component of the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture media. ATA inhibits cell apoptosis and promotes cell growth in both serum-free and protein-free media. The addition of ATA is beneficial to the manufacturing process at the cell growth stage, however, residual ATA not consumed by cells can have toxicological effects on patients and its removal is required during downstream processing. To ensure manufacturing control and patient safety, the determination of residual ATA during downstream processing of biotherapeutics is required. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method for monitoring process clearance of ATA during downstream processing. Chromatographic separation of ATA was achieved using a 50 × 3 mm, 3 µm Imtakt Cadenza HS-C18 column and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in selected reaction monitoring mode was used for sensitive and specific detection. Linearity was assessed over a range of 62.5 ng/mL to 2000 ng/mL. Accuracy and precision were within 20% of the theoretical spike levels across the three concentration levels evaluated utilising two different antibodies, an IgG1 and an IgG4. Analyte specificity and selectivity were deemed acceptable based on no extraneous peaks detected. The method was successfully applied to monitoring process clearance of ATA in a tangential flow filtration (TFF) unit operation for downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Buckley
- Eli Lilly Kinsale Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, Co. Cork P17 NY71, Ireland; School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Ciara MacHale
- Eli Lilly Kinsale Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, Co. Cork P17 NY71, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, A94 X099 Co. Dublin, Ireland.
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Aydemir D, Malik AN, Kulac I, Basak AN, Lazoglu I, Ulusu NN. Impact of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Disease on the Biomechanical Properties and Oxidative Stress Metabolism of the Lung Tissue Correlated With the Human Mutant SOD1G93A Protein Accumulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:810243. [PMID: 35284425 PMCID: PMC8914018 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.810243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease, and ALS incidence is increasing worldwide. Patients with ALS have respiratory failure at the disease’s end stages, leading to death; thus, the lung is one of the most affected organs during disease progression. Tissue stiffness increases in various lung diseases because of impaired extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis leading to tissue damage and dysfunction at the end. According to the literature, oxidative stress is the major contributor to ECM dysregulation, and mutant protein accumulation in ALS have been reported as causative to tissue damage and oxidative stress. In this study, we used SOD1G93A and SOD1WT rats and measured lung stiffness of rats by using a custom-built stretcher, where H&E staining is used to evaluate histopathological changes in the lung tissue. Oxidative stress status of lung tissues was assessed by measuring glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione s-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) levels. Western blot experiments were performed to evaluate the accumulation of the SOD1G93A mutated protein. As a result, increased lung stiffness, decreased antioxidant status, elevated levels of oxidative stress, impaired mineral and trace element homeostasis, and mutated SOD1G93A protein accumulation have been found in the mutated rats even at the earlier stages, which can be possible causative of increased lung stiffness and tissue damage in ALS. Since lung damage has altered at the very early stages, possible therapeutic approaches can be used to treat ALS or improve the life quality of patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Aydemir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anjum Naeem Malik
- Manufacturing and Automation Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Kulac
- Department of Pathology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Nazli Basak
- Suna and İnan Kirac Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, NDAL-KUTTAM, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Lazoglu
- Manufacturing and Automation Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Nuriye Nuray Ulusu,
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Cai CX, Schneck NA, Harris D, Blackstock D, Ivleva VB, Cheng KC, Charlton A, Arnold FJ, Cooper JW, Lei QP. Quantification of residual AEBSF-related impurities by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1116:19-23. [PMID: 30953918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
During research of a broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) for HIV-1 infection, site-specific clipping was observed during cell culture incubation. Protease inhibitor, 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF), was supplemented to the cell culture feeding to mitigate clipping as one of the control strategies. It led to the need and development of a new assay to monitor the free AEBSF-related impurities during the purification process. In this work, a reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC-UV) method was developed to measure the total concentration of AEBSF and its major degradant product, 4-(aminoethyl) benzenesulfonic acid (AEBS-OH). This quantitative approach involved hydrolysis pre-treatment to drive all AEBSF to AEBS-OH, a filtration step to remove large molecules, followed by RPLC-UV analysis. The method was qualified and shown to be capable of measuring AEBS-OH down to 0.5 μM with good accuracy and precision, which was then applied for process clearance studies. The results demonstrated that a Protein A purification step in conjunction with a mock ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) step could remove AEBSF-related impurities below the detection level. Overall, this study is the first to provide a unique approach for monitoring the clearance of free AEBSF and its related degradant, AEBS-OH, in support of the bNAb research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy X Cai
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Nicole A Schneck
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Doug Harris
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Blackstock
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Vera B Ivleva
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kuang-Chuan Cheng
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Adam Charlton
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Frank J Arnold
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan W Cooper
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Q Paula Lei
- Vaccine Production Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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