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Al-Zaban MI, Alrokban AH, Mahmoud MA. Development of a real-time PCR and multiplex PCR assay for the detection and identification of mycotoxigenic fungi in stored maize grains. Mycology 2023; 14:227-238. [PMID: 37583456 PMCID: PMC10424615 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2213704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify important mycotoxigenic fungi and accurate detection of mycotoxin in stored maize grains using molecular methods. The current study also optimised the real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay. The melting curve was established to identify isolated fungal species of Aspergillus (4), Fusarium (3), Penicillium (3), and Alternaria (one). A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) technique was developed for the detection and characterisation of mycotoxin producing fungi, mycotoxin metabolic pathway genes, and the determination of eleven mycotoxins in stored maize grains using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mPCR results indicated positive signals for potentially mycotoxigenic fungal species tested of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Alternaria. A protocol for multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) was tested to distinguish between free and contaminated, stored maize with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The expression pattern of four aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway genes, AFB1 (aflQ, aflP, aflO, and aflD), was a good marker for contaminated, stored maize grains. HPLC analysis showed that maize grain samples were contaminated with mycotoxins, and the concentration was above the detection level. The results indicate that the polyphasic approach might provide a sensitive, rapid, and accurate method for detecting and identifying mycotoxigenic fungal species and mycotoxins in stored maize grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayasar I. Al-Zaban
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam H. Alrokban
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Mahmoud
- Central Laboratory of Biotechnology (CLB), Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Rahman HU, Yue X, Ren X, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Li P. Multiplex PCR assay to detect Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium species simultaneously. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1939-1950. [PMID: 32897821 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1810860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of mycotoxins is produced by mycotoxigenic fungi and naturally contaminates food and feed products worldwide. Synergistic effects of multi-toxins are potentially more harmful than exposure to a single compound and can induce acute and chronic toxicity to animals and humans. The aim of the present study is to timely and simultaneously identify the multiple mycotoxigenic fungi capable of causing synergistic toxicity to improve the safety level of food and feedstuff. Here, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for simultaneous detection of mycotoxigenic fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Three pairs of genus-specific primers were designed based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of Aspergillus and Penicillium, and Elongation factor 1 alpha (EF- 1α) of Fusarium. Amplicons of 170, 750 and 490 bp respectively for the corresponding primer pairs were detected; thus amplicon length is diagnostic for the individual fungal genus. The sensitivity of the developed method was tested with genomic DNA obtained from mould pure cultures and artificially contaminated maize grain powder. The sensitivity result showed that spore concentrations in the contaminated maize grain powder of 102 spores/mL were detected without prior incubation. This result suggests that the developed mPCR assay would allow a rapid, specific and simultaneous detection of various mycotoxigenic potential fungi based on the occurrence and size of the amplification products and thus to estimate the multi-mycotoxins contamination potential in food and feedstuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ur Rahman
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan, PR China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Wuhan, Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Ren
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan, PR China.,Ministry of Agriculture, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin) , Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan, PR China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Wuhan, Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan, PR China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan, PR China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Wuhan, Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan, PR China.,Ministry of Agriculture, National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin) , Wuhan, PR China.,Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture , Wuhan, PR China
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Abbas A, Hussien T, Yli-Mattila T. A Polyphasic Approach to Compare the Genomic Profiles of Aflatoxigenic and Non-Aflatoxigenic Isolates of Aspergillus Section Flavi. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E56. [PMID: 31963352 PMCID: PMC7020436 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AF) are highly toxic compounds produced by Aspergillus section Flavi. They spoil food crops and present a serious global health hazard to humans and livestock. The aim of this study was to examine the phylogenetic relationships among aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus isolates. A polyphasic approach combining phylogenetic, sequence, and toxin analyses was applied to 40 Aspergillus section Flavi isolates collected from eight countries around the world (USA, Philippines, Egypt, India, Australia, Indonesia, China, and Uganda). This allows one to pinpoint the key genomic features that distinguish AF producing and non-producing isolates. Based on molecular identification, 32 (80%) were identified as A. flavus, three (7.5%) as A. parasiticus, three (7.5%) as A. nomius and one (2.5%) as A. tamarii. Toxin analysis showed that 22 (55%) Aspergillus isolates were aflatoxigenic. The majority of the toxic isolates (62.5%) originated from Egypt. The highest aflatoxin production potential was observed in an A. nomius isolate which is originally isolated from the Philippines. DNA-based molecular markers such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among these 40 Aspergillus isolates, which were originally selected from 80 isolates. The percentage of polymorphic bands in three RAPD and three ISSR primers was 81.9% and 79.37%, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant diversity within the populations, 92% for RAPD and 85% for ISSR primers. The average of Polymorphism Information Content (PIC), Marker Index (MI), Nei's gene diversity (H) and Shannon's diversity index (I) in ISSR markers are higher than those in RAPD markers. Based on banding patterns and gene diversities values, we observed that the ISSR-PCR provides clearer data and is more successful in genetic diversity analyses than RAPD-PCR. Dendrograms generated from UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) cluster analyses for RAPD and ISSR markers were related to the geographic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (A.A.); (T.H.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Taha Hussien
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (A.A.); (T.H.)
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminant, National Research Center, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Tapani Yli-Mattila
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (A.A.); (T.H.)
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Sim JH, Tian F, Jung SY, Auh JH, Chun HS. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of the zearalenone chemotype of Fusarium species in white and brown rice. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 269:120-127. [PMID: 29425859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of the zearalenone (ZEA) chemotype of Fusarium species could be a precautionary measure for preventing ZEA contamination in rice. In this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay for detecting ZEA-producing fungi in rice was established using a set of four primers targeting the ZEA biosynthesis genes PKS3, PKS13, ZEB1, and ZEB2. Two mPCR approaches were used: one that amplified the DNA obtained from Fusarium isolates (conventional method) and another that directly amplified the target DNA from rice samples without time-consuming DNA isolation (direct method). The two mPCR methods showed high sensitivity in detecting ZEA-producing species, with a detection limit of 1.25 pg/μL of genomic DNA and 102 and 103 spores/g of white and brown rice, respectively. Both methods were specific for ZEA-producing species and gave four band patterns. The application of the two mPCR methods to 51 Fusarium isolates and 41 rice samples revealed that 31% (16 of 51) and 24% (10 of 41) of the samples were contaminated with ZEA-producing species, respectively. The mPCR results were further evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography; in general, the two methods yielded similar results. These findings indicate that both mPCR methods are suitable for the detection of ZEA-producing Fusarium species in white and brown rice; however, the direct method yielded more rapid results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Sim
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Fei Tian
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Jung
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyuck Auh
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Plus, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Kuzdraliński A, Kot A, Szczerba H, Ostrowska A, Nowak M, Muszyńska M, Lechowski M, Muzyka P. Novel PCR Assays for the Detection of Biological Agents Responsible for Wheat Rust Diseases: Puccinia triticina and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:299-305. [PMID: 29183031 DOI: 10.1159/000481799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Puccinia triticina (Pt) and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) are devastating cereal pathogens that cause leaf and stripe rust diseases. We developed PCR assays for the species-specific detection of Pt and Pst, 2 biological agents that cause wheat rust disease. For each pathogen, we validated 3 primer sets that target the second largest subunits of the RNA polymerase II (rpb2) and β-tubulin 1 (tub1) genes. The specificities of the primers were verified using naturally infected plant materials with visual symptoms of disease. All primer sets amplified a single DNA fragment of the expected length. The primer sets LidPr15/16, LidPr1/2, and LidPs13/14 were able to detect small amounts of pure fungal DNA with sensitivities of 0.1, 1, and 10 pg/μL, respectively. A sufficient detection limit (1 pg/μL to 5 ng/μL) was observed for all assays when the sensitivity test was performed with host plant DNA. The study also evaluated the simultaneous detection of both rust pathogens, and the multiplex PCR assay generated amplicons of 240 and 144 bp in length for Pts (LidPs9/10) and Pt (LidPr1/2), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kuzdraliński
- Department of Biotechnology, Human Nutrition and Science of Food Commodities, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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