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Soderstrom CI, Larsen J, Owen C, Gifondorwa D, Beidler D, Yong FH, Conrad P, Neubert H, Moore SA, Hassanein M. Development and Validation of a Western Blot Method to Quantify Mini-Dystrophin in Human Skeletal Muscle Biopsies. AAPS J 2022; 25:12. [PMID: 36539515 PMCID: PMC10034579 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative muscular disease affecting roughly one in 5000 males at birth. The disease is often caused by inherited X-linked recessive pathogenic variants in the dystrophin gene, but may also arise from de novo mutations. Disease-causing variants include nonsense, out of frame deletions or duplications that result in loss of dystrophin protein expression. There is currently no cure for DMD and the few treatment options available aim at slowing muscle degradation. New advances in gene therapy and understanding of dystrophin (DYS) expression in other muscular dystrophies have opened new opportunities for treatment. Therefore, reliable methods are needed to monitor dystrophin expression and assess the efficacy of new therapies for muscular dystrophies such as DMD and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). Here, we describe the validation of a novel Western blot (WB) method for the quantitation of mini-dystrophin protein in human skeletal muscle tissues that is easy to adopt in most laboratory settings. This WB method was assessed through precision, accuracy, selectivity, dilution linearity, stability, and repeatability. Based on mini-DYS standard performance, the assay has a dynamic range of 0.5-15 ng protein (per 5 µg total protein per lane), precision of 3.3 to 25.5%, and accuracy of - 7.5 to 3.3%. Our stability assessment showed that the protein is stable after 4 F/T cycles, up to 2 h at RT and after 7 months at - 70°C. Furthermore, our WB method was compared to the results from our recently published LC-MS method. Workflow for our quantitative WB method to determine mini-dystrophin levels in muscle tissues (created in Biorender.com). Step 1 involves protein extraction from skeletal muscle tissue lysates from control, DMD, or BMD biospecimen. Step 2 measures total protein concentrations. Step 3 involves running gel electrophoresis with wild-type dystrophin (wt-DYS) from muscle tissue extracts alongside mini-dystrophin STD curve and mini-DYS and protein normalization with housekeeping GAPDH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Larsen
- Early Clinical Development, Precision Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Owen
- Early Clinical Development, Precision Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Gifondorwa
- Clinical Assay Group, Global Product Development (GPD), Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - David Beidler
- Early Clinical Development, Precision Medicine, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Florence H Yong
- Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patricia Conrad
- Early Clinical Development, Precision Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hendrik Neubert
- Biomedicine Design, Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven A Moore
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Mohamed Hassanein
- Early Clinical Development, Precision Medicine, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
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Meftahi GH, Bahari Z, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, Iman M, Jangravi Z. Applications of western blot technique: From bench to bedside. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 49:509-517. [PMID: 33847452 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Western blot (WB) or immunoblot is a workhorse method. It is commonly used by biologists for study of different aspects of protein biomolecules. In addition, it has been widely used in disease diagnosis. Despite some limitations such as long time, different applications of WB have not been limited. In the present review, we have summarized scientific and clinical applications of WB. In addition, we described some new generation of WB techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Bahari
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Iman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Jangravi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Diamantopoulou A, Mantas D, Kostakis ID, Agrogiannis G, Garoufalia Z, Kavantzas N, Kouraklis G. A Clinicopathological Analysis of S100A14 Expression in Colorectal Cancer. In Vivo 2020; 34:321-330. [PMID: 31882495 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The calcium-binding protein S100A14 is involved in processes related to tumorigenesis and tumor propagation, such as proliferation, apoptosis, motility and invasiveness. Our aim was to investigate its role in colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and seven patients (65 men and 42 women) were included in this study. They had been diagnosed with colorectal cancer and undergone complete resection of their primary tumor. Tissue samples from archival blocks of their normal and malignant colorectal tissues were used for immunohistochemical assessment of S100A14 expression. S100A14 levels were evaluated using image analysis and associated with various clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. RESULTS S100A14 expression was reduced in malignant tissues when compared to normal intestinal mucosa in cases of T3-T4 tumors (p=0.017). Moreover, as far as S100A14 levels in malignant tissues are concerned, they were lower in T3-T4 tumors (p=0.001), N2 disease (p=0.034) and M1 disease (p=0.019). Finally, very high S100A14 production (>75th percentile) was associated with shorter disease-specific (HR=3.584, p=0.045) and relapse-free survival (HR=4.527, p=0.007) in multivariate survival analysis. CONCLUSION S100A14 expression is decreased in advanced colorectal cancer. However, cases with very high S100A14 levels have a worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Diamantopoulou
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Mantas
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Kostakis
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George Agrogiannis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoe Garoufalia
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kavantzas
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Kouraklis
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Gel electrophoresis-based plant proteomics: Past, present, and future. Happy 10th anniversary Journal of Proteomics! J Proteomics 2019; 198:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Moritz CP, Tholance Y, Rosier C, Reynaud-Federspiel E, Svahn J, Camdessanché JP, Antoine JC. Completing the Immunological Fingerprint by Refractory Proteins: Autoantibody Screening via an Improved Immunoblotting Technique. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800157. [PMID: 30768763 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identifying autoantigens of serological autoantibodies requires expensive methods, such as protein microarrays or IP+MS. Thus, sera are commonly pre-screened for interesting immunopatterns via immunocytochemistry/immunohistochemistry. However, distinguishing immunopatterns can be difficult and intracellular antigens are less accessible. Therefore, a simple and cheap immunoblot screening able to distinguish immunopatterns and to detect refractory proteins is presented. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Five steps of immunoblotting-based autoantigen screening are revised: (1) choice of protein source, (2) protein extraction, (3) protein separation, (4) protein transfer, (5) antigen detection. Thereafter, 52 patients' sera with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and 45 controls were screened. RESULTS The protein source impacts the detected antigen set. Steps 2-4 can be adapted for refractory proteins. Furthermore, longitudinal cutting of protein lanes saves ≥75% of time and material and allows for exact comparison of band patterns. As the latter are individually specific and temporarily constant, we call them "immunological fingerprints". In a proof-of-principle, a 155 kDa immunoband was detected with two anti-neurofascin-155-positive CIDP sera and two further immunobands (120/220 kDa) specific to a subgroup of 3-6 of 52 CIDP patients. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Adapted immunoblotting is a cheap and simple method for accurate serum screening including refractory and intracellular antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Moritz
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Yannick Tholance
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, 42055, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Carole Rosier
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, 42055, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Evelyne Reynaud-Federspiel
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Juliette Svahn
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Camdessanché
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, 42055, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Antoine
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, 42055, Saint-Étienne, France
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Mao S, Ma J, Yu H. Sirtuin-7 knockdown inhibits the growth of endometrial cancer cells by inducing apoptosis via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:937-943. [PMID: 30655851 PMCID: PMC6312928 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-7 is an evolutionarily conserved NAD-dependent deacetylase, which serves an important role in carcinogenesis. However, the potential mechanism of sirtuin-7 in endometrial cancer has not yet been investigated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether sirtuin-7 exhibits inhibitory effects on endometrial cancer cells. The potential mechanisms mediated by sirtuin-7 in endometrial cancer cells were also investigated. The expression levels of sirtuin-7 in endometrial cancer cells were compared with normal endometrial cells using western blotting. The results demonstrated that sirtuin-7 is overexpressed in endometrial cancer cells compared with normal endometrial cells. The downregulation of sirtuin-7 inhibited the growth and invasiveness of endometrial cancer cells. The knockdown of sirtuin-7 was observed to increase the sensitivity of the endometrial cancer cells to cisplatin treatment in vitro. An investigation into the potential molecular mechanism demonstrated that sirtuin-7 knockdown promoted the apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells by regulating the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. The knockdown of sirtuin-7 inhibited NF-κB expression and resulted in a decrease in the expression of NF-κB target proteins that are anti-apoptotic: Bcl-xl, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Sirtuin-7 knockdown also resulted in an increase of the NF-κB target proteins that are pro-apoptotic: Caspase-3, Bad and Bax. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that sirtuin-7 knockdown was able to markedly inhibit the growth of endometrial cancer cells, suggesting that sirtuin-7 may be a potential therapeutic target for endometrial cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Mao
- Department of Gynaecology, People's Hospital of Jingjiang, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Jimin Ma
- Department of Gynaecology, The Third People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Second Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
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