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Ku HY, Bilder D. Basement membrane patterning by spatial deployment of a secretion-regulating protease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.06.602330. [PMID: 39026720 PMCID: PMC11257494 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.06.602330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
While paradigms for patterning of cell fates in development are well-established, paradigms for patterning morphogenesis, particularly when organ shape is influenced by the extracellular matrix (ECM), are less so. Morphogenesis of the Drosophila egg chamber (follicle) depends on anterior-posterior distribution of basement membrane (BM) components such as Collagen IV (Col4), whose symmetric gradient creates tissue mechanical properties that specify the degree of elongation. Here we show that the gradient is not regulated by Col4 transcription but instead relies on post-transcriptional mechanisms. The metalloprotease ADAMTS-A, expressed in a gradient inverse to that of Col4, limits Col4 deposition in the follicle center and manipulation of its levels can cause either organ hyper- or hypo-elongation. We present evidence that ADAMTS-A acts within the secretory pathway, rather than extracellularly, to limit Col4 incorporation into the BM. High levels of ADAMTS-A in follicle termini are normally dispensable but suppress Col4 incorporation when transcription is elevated. Our data show how an organ can employ patterned expression of ECM proteases with intracellular as well as extracellular activity to specify BM properties that control shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Ku
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley Berkeley CA, 94720, USA
| | - David Bilder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley Berkeley CA, 94720, USA
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Merkle JA. Dissection, Fixation, and Standard Staining of Adult Drosophila Ovaries. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2626:49-68. [PMID: 36715899 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2970-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the Drosophila ovary have provided significant insight into the molecular and cellular processes that control cell function, tissue organization, and animal development. To characterize mutants with defects in oogenesis or to observe the distribution of gene products involved in egg production, the ovaries must be carefully extracted and prepared for analysis. This chapter describes the manual dissection of ovaries from adult Drosophila females, followed by standard fixation and staining of the isolated tissue. Specifically, this chapter provides procedures for simple DNA and F-actin staining to assess cell and tissue morphology, as well as immunostaining to localize proteins of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Merkle
- Department of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN, USA.
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Velentzas AD, Velentzas PD, Katarachia SA, Anagnostopoulos AK, Sagioglou NE, Thanou EV, Tsioka MM, Mpakou VE, Kollia Z, Gavriil VE, Papassideri IS, Tsangaris GT, Cefalas AC, Sarantopoulou E, Stravopodis DJ. The indispensable contribution of s38 protein to ovarian-eggshell morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16103. [PMID: 30382186 PMCID: PMC6208399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila chorion represents a remarkable model system for the in vivo study of complex extracellular-matrix architectures. For its organization and structure, s38 protein is considered as a component of major importance, since it is synthesized and secreted during early choriogenesis. However, there is no evidence that proves its essential, or redundant, role in chorion biogenesis. Hence, we show that targeted downregulation of s38 protein, specifically in the ovarian follicle-cell compartment, via employment of an RNAi-mediated strategy, causes generation of diverse dysmorphic phenotypes, regarding eggshell’s regionally and radially specialized structures. Downregulation of s38 protein severely impairs fly’s fertility and is unable to be compensated by the s36 homologous family member, thus unveiling s38 protein’s essential contribution to chorion’s assembly and function. Altogether, s38 acts as a key skeletal protein being critically implicated in the patterning establishment of a highly structured tripartite endochorion. Furthermore, it seems that s38 loss may sensitize choriogenesis to stochastic variation in its coordination and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios D Velentzas
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis D Velentzas
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece.,Department of Cancer Biology, Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts (MA), USA
| | - Stamatia A Katarachia
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Niki E Sagioglou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni V Thanou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Maria M Tsioka
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki E Mpakou
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Zoe Kollia
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios E Gavriil
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Athens, Greece
| | - Issidora S Papassideri
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - George Th Tsangaris
- Systems Biology Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Sarantopoulou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios J Stravopodis
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece.
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