1
|
Zou Z, Guo B, Guo Y, Ma X, Luo S, Feng L, Pan Z, Deng L, Pan S, Wei J, Su Z. A comprehensive "quality-quantity-activity" approach based on portable near-infrared spectrometer and membership function analysis to systematically evaluate spice quality: Cinnamomum cassia as an example. Food Chem 2024; 439:138142. [PMID: 38081096 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Spices have long been popular worldwide. Besides serving as aromatic and flavorful food and cooking ingredients, many spices exhibit notable bioactivity. Quality evaluation methods are essential for ensuring the quality and flavor of spices. However, existing methods typically focus on the content of particular components or certain aspects of bioactivity. For a systematic evaluation of spice quality, we herein propose a comprehensive "quality-quantity-activity" approach based on portable near-infrared spectrometer and membership function analysis. Cinnamomum cassia was used as a representative example to illustrate this approach. Near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods were combined to predict the geographical origin, cinnamaldehyde content, ash content, antioxidant activity, and integrated membership function value. All the optimal prediction models displayed good predictive ability (correlation coefficient of prediction > 0.9, residual predictive deviation > 2.1). The proposed approach can provide a valuable reference for the rapid and comprehensive quality evaluation of spices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zou
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Bingjian Guo
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning 530022, China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Sanshan Luo
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Linlin Feng
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ziping Pan
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lijun Deng
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shihan Pan
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Biomedicine Precision Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jinbin Wei
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Biomedicine Precision Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhiheng Su
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Beibu Gulf Marine Biomedicine Precision Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Antigeriatric Drugs, Nanning 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Du J, Qin Y, Wu Y, Zhao W, Zhai W, Qi Y, Wang C, Gao Y. The design of high affinity human PD-1 mutants by using molecular dynamics simulations (MD). Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:25. [PMID: 29879980 PMCID: PMC5992718 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), a negative co-stimulatory molecule, plays crucial roles in immune escape. Blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 shows exciting clinical responses in a fraction of cancer patients and the success makes PD-1 as a valuable target in immune checkpoint therapy. For the rational design of PD-1 targeting modulators, the ligand binding mechanism of PD-1 should be well understood in prior. METHODS In this study, we applied 50 ns molecular dynamics simulations to observe the structural properties of PD-1 molecule in both apo and ligand bound states, and we studied the structural features of PD-1 in human and mouse respectively. RESULTS The results showed that the apo hPD-1 was more flexible than that in PD-L1 bound state. We unexpectedly found that K135 was important for binding energy although it was not at the binding interface. Moreover, the residues which stabilized the interactions with PD-L1 were distinguished. Taking the dynamic features of these residues into account, we identified several residual sites where mutations may gain the function of ligand binding. The in vitro binding experiments revealed the mutants M70I, S87 W, A129L, A132L, and K135 M were better in ligand binding than the wild type PD-1. CONCLUSIONS The structural information from MD simulation combined with in silico mutagenesis provides guidance to design engineered PD-1 mutants to modulate the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfeng Du
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yaping Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yahong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenshan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenjie Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuanming Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chuchu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|