1
|
Bucher F, Dastagir N, Obed D, Enechukwu A, Dieck T, Vogt PM, Dastagir K. Factor XIII: More than just a fibrin stabilizer for the burn patient? A matched-pair analysis. JPRAS Open 2023; 37:1-8. [PMID: 37288428 PMCID: PMC10242619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acquired factor XIII deficiency is an underestimated risk in patients with large surface burns, which potentially exposes these patients to prolonged bleeding and delayed wound healing if undetected. Methods A retrospective matched-pair analysis of the burn registry of the Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery of Hannover Medical School was performed from 2018 to 2023. Results A total of 18 patients were included. Acquired factor XIII deficiency was not statistically significant correlated with age, sex, or body mass index. Patients who developed acquired factor XIII deficiency had a significantly longer hospital stay (72.8 days) compared with those in the matched group (46.4 days), although burn depths, total body surface area, and Abbreviated Burn Severity Index were not statistically correlated with factor XIII deficiency. Conclusions Little is known about acquired factor XIII deficiency in patients with burns. Factor XIII supplementation may improve hemostasis, wound healing, and general outcome while reducing the patient's exposure to blood products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bucher
- Corresponding author: Florian Bucher MD, Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany, Fax: +49 511 532-8864 Tel.: +49 176 15323754
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Favaloro EJ, Gosselin RC, Pasalic L, Lippi G. Hemostasis and Thrombosis: An Overview Focusing on Associated Laboratory Testing to Diagnose and Help Manage Related Disorders. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2663:3-38. [PMID: 37204701 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3175-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hemostasis is a complex but balanced process that permit normal blood flow, without adverse events. Disruption of the balance may lead to bleeding or thrombotic events, and clinical interventions may be required. Hemostasis laboratories typically offer an array of tests, including routine coagulation and specialized hemostasis assays used to guide clinicians for diagnosing and managing patients. Routine assays may be used to screen patients for hemostasis-related disturbances but may also be used for drug monitoring, measuring efficacy of replacement or adjunctive therapy, and other indications, which may then be used to guide further patient management. Similarly, "specialized" assays are used for diagnostic purposes or may be used to monitor or measure efficacy of a given therapy. This chapter provides an overview of hemostasis and thrombosis, with a focus on laboratory testing that may be used to diagnose and help manage patients suspected of hemostasis- and thrombosis-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J Favaloro
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga, Wagga, NSW, Australia.
| | - Robert C Gosselin
- Hemostasis & Thrombosis Center, Davis Health System, University of California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Leonardo Pasalic
- Department of Haematology, Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smock KJ, Moser KA. Automation of a Factor XIII Activity Assay Utilizing a Plasma Blank Measurement. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2663:693-706. [PMID: 37204746 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3175-1_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Factor XIII (FXIII) is an essential coagulation factor that stabilizes fibrin clots and allows the clot to resist fibrinolysis. Inherited or acquired FXIII deficiency is a severe bleeding disorder with manifestations that can include fatal intracranial hemorrhage. Accurate FXIII laboratory testing is necessary for diagnosis, subtyping, and treatment monitoring. The recommended first-line test is FXIII activity, most commonly performed by commercial ammonia release assays. In these assays, it is important to perform a plasma blank measurement to correct for FXIII-independent ammonia production, which can lead to clinically significant overestimation of FXIII activity. Automated performance of a commercial FXIII activity assay (Technoclone, Vienna, Austria), including blank correction, on the BCS XP instrument is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristi J Smock
- Department of Pathology and ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Karen A Moser
- Department of Pathology and ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Koussa H, AlZaim I, El-Sabban ME. Pathophysiology of Coagulation and Emerging Roles for Extracellular Vesicles in Coagulation Cascades and Disorders. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164932. [PMID: 36013171 PMCID: PMC9410115 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of blood coagulation dates back to the ancient Greek civilization. However, the emergence of innovative scientific discoveries that started in the seventeenth century formulated the fundamentals of blood coagulation. Our understanding of key coagulation processes continues to evolve, as novel homeostatic and pathophysiological aspects of hemostasis are revealed. Hemostasis is a dynamic physiological process, which stops bleeding at the site of injury while maintaining normal blood flow within the body. Intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways culminate in the homeostatic cessation of blood loss, through the sequential activation of the coagulation factors. Recently, the cell-based theory, which combines these two pathways, along with newly discovered mechanisms, emerged to holistically describe intricate in vivo coagulation mechanisms. The complexity of these mechanisms becomes evident in coagulation diseases such as hemophilia, Von Willebrand disease, thrombophilia, and vitamin K deficiency, in which excessive bleeding, thrombosis, or unnecessary clotting, drive the development and progression of diseases. Accumulating evidence implicates cell-derived and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which comprise microvesicles (MVs), exosomes, and apoptotic bodies, in the modulation of the coagulation cascade in hemostasis and thrombosis. As these EVs are associated with intercellular communication, molecular recycling, and metastatic niche creation, emerging evidence explores EVs as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in thrombotic and prothrombotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Al-Koussa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Marwan E. El-Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +961-01-350-000 (ext. 4765)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yazdian M, Groeben H, Ataseven B, Schneider S, Baert T, Bommert M, Traut A, Elfers-Wassenhoven A, Brüß U, Schwameis R, du Bois A, Wagner U, Harter P. The role of factor XIII in surgery for advanced stage of epithelial ovarian cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 305:1311-1318. [PMID: 34724570 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary factor (F) XIII-deficiency is a known risk factor for postoperative complications, but data of acquired FXIII-deficiency in malignancies are limited. Therefore, we evaluated the role of acquired FXIII-deficiency in surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with known serum FXIII status and treatment between 2011 and 2018 at our center. We defined cohorts according to FXIII with values > 75% as normal (group A), 55-75% as reduced (group B) and < 55% as low (group C). Complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo Classification, class III-V complications were defined as severe. RESULTS 347 patients with EOC were identified. 180 patients (51.2%) were in group A, 82 patients (23.6%) in group B, and 85 patients (24.4%) in group C. Lower levels of FXIII were associated with higher amount of ascites, FIGO IV, high grade serous histology, low albumin, and higher CA-125 levels. Regarding intraoperative variables, low FXIII was associated with longer duration of surgery, higher blood loss, higher surgical complexity score/number of bowel anastomosis and a higher probability for macroscopic residual disease. The risk of severe complications in group A was 12.2%, 24.4% in group B, and 31.8% in group C. In a multivariate model, low FXIII (OR 2.8), > 1 bowel anastomosis (OR 2.7), age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 4 (OR 3.6) and a longer duration of surgery (> 285 min.) were significant predictive factors for severe complications. CONCLUSION FXIII is associated with tumor and treatment burden. A low level of FXIII is associated with postoperative complications. The knowledge about the presurgical serum FXIII-level might be helpful to plan the treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Yazdian
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Groeben
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ev. Kliniken-Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Beyhan Ataseven
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136, Essen, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Thais Baert
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Mareike Bommert
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Traut
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Brüß
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ev. Kliniken-Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Richard Schwameis
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136, Essen, Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, 45136, Essen, Germany.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farzam K. A Rare Case of Factor XIII Deficiency in the Setting of Cancer Immunotherapy. Cureus 2021; 13:e15299. [PMID: 34084689 PMCID: PMC8163106 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor XIII deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder, which may be congenital or acquired, and is most commonly diagnosed in early childhood. It has a prevalence that is as low as one in 5,000,000. Acquired factor XIII deficiency is considered to be a more rare form, with less than 100 cases reported in the literature. This disorder can be clinically characterized by recurrent and severe unexplained bleeding. This case describes a patient with no prior bleeding disorders, who suffered from recurrent bleeding episodes while being treated with cancer immunotherapy, specifically pembrolizumab, and was subsequently diagnosed with factor XIII deficiency. She required cryoprecipitate infusion due to the persistent bleeding and subsequently developed saddle pulmonary embolism. The patient was not a candidate for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) due to her recurrent bleeding and required mechanical thrombectomy. Given the timeline of symptoms, the patient likely developed acquired factor XIII deficiency due to her cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Farzam
- Family Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The pleiotropic effects of antithrombotic drugs in the metabolic-cardiovascular-neurodegenerative disease continuum: impact beyond reduced clotting. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1015-1051. [PMID: 33881143 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombotic drugs are widely used for primary and secondary prevention, as well as treatment of many cardiovascular disorders. Over the past few decades, major advances in the pharmacology of these agents have been made with the introduction of new drug classes as novel therapeutic options. Accumulating evidence indicates that the beneficial outcomes of some of these antithrombotic agents are not solely related to their ability to reduce thrombosis. Here, we review the evidence supporting established and potential pleiotropic effects of four novel classes of antithrombotic drugs, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) P2Y12-receptor antagonists, Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor Inhibitors, and Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs), which include Direct Factor Xa (FXa) and Direct Thrombin Inhibitors. Specifically, we discuss the molecular evidence supporting such pleiotropic effects in the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD) including endothelial dysfunction (ED), atherosclerosis, cardiac injury, stroke, and arrhythmia. Importantly, we highlight the role of DOACs in mitigating metabolic dysfunction-associated cardiovascular derangements. We also postulate that DOACs modulate perivascular adipose tissue inflammation and thus, may reverse cardiovascular dysfunction early in the course of the metabolic syndrome. In this regard, we argue that some antithrombotic agents can reverse the neurovascular damage in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's brain and following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Overall, we attempt to provide an up-to-date comprehensive review of the less-recognized, beneficial molecular aspects of antithrombotic therapy beyond reduced thrombus formation. We also make a solid argument for the need of further mechanistic analysis of the pleiotropic effects of antithrombotic drugs in the future.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nonimmune-acquired factor XIII deficiency: a cause of high volume and delayed postoperative hemorrhage. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2020; 31:511-516. [PMID: 32852328 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
: Factor XIII (FXIII) levels may decrease because of surgical consumption. Acquired FXIII deficiency could be a cause of postoperative hemorrhage usually underdiagnosed in clinical practice. To determine the diagnosis confirmation rate of acquired FXIII deficiency in postsurgical patients with clinical suspicion and to compare the characteristics and evolution of patients with or without FXIII deficiency. We performed a retrospective cohort study, which included 49 inpatients who were attended at our university hospital from 2014 to 2018 with suspicion of acquired FXIII deficiency because of disproportionate postoperative hemorrhage. FXIIIA levels less than 50% was considered a deficiency. Persistence of bleeding for more than 48 h, drop in hematocrit points, red blood cells transfused units, hemoglobin levels 12-36 h after bleeding, and time elapsed from the procedure to the bleeding were assessed as outcome variables. Logistic regression was employed for both univariate and multivariate analyses. Of the 49 patients included, 27(55%) had FXIII deficiency, with a median level of 34% [interquartile range (IQR) 19-42]. Abdominal surgery was the most common [n = 21 (43%)]. All patients had routine coagulation tests within the hemostatic range. FXIII deficiency was associated with a drop of more than 4 points in hematocrit [OR 59.69 (95% CI 4.71-755.30)], red blood transfused units >2 [OR 45.38 (95% CI 3.48-590.65)], and delayed bleeding >36 h after surgery [OR 100.90 (95% CI 3.78-2695.40)]. Plasma-derived FXIII concentrate was administered to eight patients with life-threatening bleeding with resolution within 24 h. Only one deficient patient died from bleeding. FXIII levels were measured 15 days after diagnosis or more in 20 out of 27 deficient patients, with normal results. Acquired FXIII deficiency may be a frequent underdiagnosed entity that should be considered when high-volume and delayed postoperative hemorrhage is present in patients with hemostatic routine coagulation test results.
Collapse
|
9
|
Favaloro EJ, Lippi G. Understanding the extent of the diagnostic potential of coagulation factors. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:273-276. [PMID: 31903796 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1711735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J Favaloro
- Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia.,Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muszbek L, Pénzes K, Katona É. Auto- and alloantibodies against factor XIII: laboratory diagnosis and clinical consequences. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:822-832. [PMID: 29460500 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acquired FXIII deficiencies caused by autoantibodies against FXIII subunits represent rare but very severe bleeding diatheses. Alloantibodies in FXIII-deficient patients also cause life-threatening bleeding complications, but they develop extremely rarely. In this review we provide an overview of the diagnosis and classification of anti-FXIII antibodies and analyze 48 patients with autoimmune FXIII deficiency and four additional FXIII-deficient patients who developed anti-FXIII alloantibody. The patients were collected from peer-reviewed publications from which relevant data could be extracted. With the exception of two cases the antibodies were directed against FXIII-A. The difficulties in the diagnosis of FXIII deficiency in the presence of anti-FXIII antibodies are discussed and a scheme for the functional classification of the anti-FXIII antibodies is recommended. The three main categories are neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies and antibodies with combined effect. The methods being used for detecting and quantifying the inhibitory effect on FXIII activation and on the transglutaminase activity of activated FXIII are summarized and techniques for the classification of neutralizing anti-FXIII antibodies are outlined. The importance of clearance studies in these cases is emphasized. Binding assays, useful for the identification of non-neutralizing and combined type antibodies, were collected from the literature and their informative power is demonstrated by examples. The most frequently occurring bleeding symptoms in patients with anti-FXIII antibodies were soft tissue bleeding; intracranial bleedings also occurred, but less frequently than in inherited FXIII deficiency. Treatment of such patients is extremely challenging; the main aim should be eradication of the antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Muszbek
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - K Pénzes
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - É Katona
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|