1
|
Jang J, Kwon DH, Jang JH, Lee DG, Chang SH, Jeon MY, Jeong YS, Song DH, Min JK, Park JG, Lee MS, Han BS, Yang W, Lee NK, Lee J. Development of a novel sandwich immunoassay based on targeting recombinant Francisella outer membrane protein A for the diagnosis of tularemia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1455259. [PMID: 39228894 PMCID: PMC11368854 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1455259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tularemia, caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, poses health risks to humans and can spread through a variety of routes. It has also been classified as a Tier 1 Select agent by the CDC, highlighting its potential as a bioterrorism agent. Moreover, it is difficult to diagnose in a timely fashion, owing to the non-specific nature of tularemia infections. Rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection methods are required to reduce mortality rates. We aimed to develop antibodies directed against the outer membrane protein A of F. tularensis (FopA) for rapid and accurate diagnosis of tularemia. Methods We used a baculovirus insect cell expression vector system to produce the FopA antigen and generate anti-FopA antibodies through immunization of BALB/c mice. We then employed hybridoma and phage display technologies to screen for antibodies that could recognize unique epitopes on FopA. Result Two monoclonal antibodies, 6B12 and 3C1, identified through phage display screening specifically bound to recombinant FopA in a dose-dependent manner. The binding affinity of the anti-FopA 6B12 and 3C1 antibodies was observed to have an equilibrium dissociation constant of 1.76 × 10-10 M and 1.32 × 10-9 M, respectively. These antibodies were used to develop a sandwich ELISA system for the diagnosis of tularemia. This assay was found to be highly specific and sensitive, with detection limits ranging from 0.062 ng/mL in PBS to 0.064 ng/mL in skim milk matrices. Discussion Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of a novel diagnostic approach for detecting F. tularensis based on targeting FopA, as opposed to existing tests that target the bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Jang
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyung Kwon
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jang
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gwang Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyuk Chang
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Jeon
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Jeong
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Song
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Yang
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Kyung Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jeon MY, Han JE, Lee DG, Cho YL, Jang JH, Lee J, Park JG, Kwon DH, Park SY, Kim W, Lee K, Kim JH, Lee NK. Novel sandwich immunoassay detects a shrimp AHPND-causing binary PirAB Vp toxin produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1294801. [PMID: 38089817 PMCID: PMC10711049 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1294801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The binary PirA/PirB toxin expressed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (PirABVp) is a virulent complex that causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimps, affecting the global shrimp farming industry. AHPND is currently diagnosed by detecting pirA and pirB genes by PCR; however, several V. parahaemolyticus strains do not produce the two toxins as proteins. Thus, an immunoassay using antibodies may be the most effective tool for detecting toxin molecules. In this study, we report a sandwich ELISA-based immunoassay for the detection of PirABVp. Methods We utilized a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody library to select scFvs against the PirA or PirB subunits. Phage display panning rounds were conducted to screen and identify scFv antibodies directed against each recombinant toxin subunit. Selected scFvs were converted into IgGs to develop a sandwich immunoassay to detect recombinant and bacterial PirABVp. Results Antibodies produced as IgG forms showed sub-nanomolar to nanomolar affinities (KD), and a pair of anti-PirA antibody as a capture and anti-PirB antibody as a detector showed a limit of detection of 201.7 ng/mL for recombinant PirABVp. The developed immunoassay detected PirABVp in the protein lysates of AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus (VpAHPND) and showed a significant detectability in moribund or dead shrimp infected with a VpAHPND virulent strain compared to that in non-infected shrimp. Discussion These results indicate that the developed immunoassay is a reliable method for diagnosing AHPND by detecting PirABVp at the protein level and could be further utilized to accurately determine the virulence of extant or newly identified VpAHPND in the global shrimp culture industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Jeon
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gwang Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lai Cho
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jang
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyung Kwon
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wantae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunglee Lee
- Cetacean Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Kyung Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Therapeutic Antibodies Targeting Potassium Ion Channels. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 267:507-545. [PMID: 33963460 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies combine specificity and high affinity binding with excellent pharmacokinetic properties and are rapidly being developed for a wide range of drug targets including clinically important potassium ion channels. Nonetheless, while therapeutic antibodies come with great promise, K+ channels represent particularly difficult targets for biologics development for a variety of reasons that include their dynamic structures and relatively small extracellular loops, their high degree of sequence conservation (leading to immune tolerance), and their generally low-level expression in vivo. The process is made all the more difficult when large numbers of antibody candidates must be screened for a given target, or when lead candidates fail to cross-react with orthologous channels in animal disease models due to their highly selective binding properties. While the number of antibodies targeting potassium channels in preclinical or clinical development is still modest, significant advances in the areas of protein expression and antibody screening are converging to open the field to an avalanche of new drugs. Here, the opportunities and constraints associated with the discovery of antibodies against K+ channels are discussed, with an emphasis on novel technologies that are opening the field to exciting new possibilities for biologics development.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee NK, Su Y, Bidlingmaier S, Liu B. Manipulation of Cell-Type Selective Antibody Internalization by a Guide-Effector Bispecific Design. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1092-1103. [PMID: 30962321 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-type-specific intracellular payload delivery is desired for antibody-based-targeted therapy development. However, tumor-specific internalizing antigens are rare to find, and even rarer for those that are expressed at uniformly high levels. We constructed a bispecific antibody that is composed of a rapidly internalizing antibody binding to a tumor-associated antigen, ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2), and a noninternalizing antibody binding to a highly expressed tumor-associated antigen, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM). We found that the overall internalization property of the bispecific is profoundly impacted by the relative surface expression level (antigen density ratio) of EphA2 versus ALCAM. When the EphA2-to-ALCAM ratio is greater than a threshold level (1:5), the amount of the bispecific taken into the tumor cell exceeds what is achieved by either the monoclonal internalizing antibody or a mixture of the two antibodies, showing a bispecific-dependent amplification effect where a small amount of the internalizing antigen EphA2 induces internalization of a larger amount of the noninternalizing antigen ALCAM. When the ratio is below the threshold, EphA2 can be rendered noninternalizing by the presence of excess ALCAM on the same cell surface. We constructed a bispecific antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) based on the above bispecific design and found that the bispecific ADC is more potent than monospecific ADCs in tumor cell killing both in vitro and in vivo Thus, the internalizing property of a cell surface antigen can be manipulated in either direction by a neighboring antigen, and this phenomenon can be exploited for therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Kyung Lee
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Scott Bidlingmaier
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su Y, Liu Y, Behrens CR, Bidlingmaier S, Lee NK, Aggarwal R, Sherbenou DW, Burlingame AL, Hann BC, Simko JP, Premasekharan G, Paris PL, Shuman MA, Seo Y, Small EJ, Liu B. Targeting CD46 for both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine prostate cancer. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121497. [PMID: 30185663 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although initially responsive to androgen signaling inhibitors (ASIs), metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) inevitably develops and is incurable. In addition to adenocarcinoma (adeno), neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) emerges to confer ASI resistance. We have previously combined laser capture microdissection and phage antibody display library selection on human cancer specimens and identified novel internalizing antibodies binding to tumor cells residing in their tissue microenvironment. We identified the target antigen for one of these antibodies as CD46, a multifunctional protein that is best known for negatively regulating the innate immune system. CD46 is overexpressed in primary tumor tissue and CRPC (localized and metastatic; adeno and NEPC), but expressed at low levels on normal tissues except for placental trophoblasts and prostate epithelium. Abiraterone- and enzalutamide-treated mCRPC cells upregulate cell surface CD46 expression. Genomic analysis showed that the CD46 gene is gained in 45% abiraterone-resistant mCRPC patients. We conjugated a tubulin inhibitor to our macropinocytosing anti-CD46 antibody and showed that the resulting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) potently and selectively kills both adeno and NEPC cell lines in vitro (sub-nM EC50) but not normal cells. CD46 ADC regressed and eliminated an mCRPC cell line xenograft in vivo in both subcutaneous and intrafemoral models. Exploratory toxicology studies of the CD46 ADC in non-human primates demonstrated an acceptable safety profile. Thus, CD46 is an excellent target for antibody-based therapy development, which has potential to be applicable to both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine types of mCRPC that are resistant to current treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | - Jeffry P Simko
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Pathology
| | | | - Pamela L Paris
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Urology, and
| | | | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric J Small
- Department of Medicine.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Urology, and
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
| |
Collapse
|