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Falcón González A, Gallegos Sancho MI, González Flores E, Galve Calvo E, Ruiz Vozmediano J, Domingo García P, López Martos R, Sánchez Rivas E, Iglesias Urraca CM, Gómez Calvo AI, De Mariscal Polo A, Ramos-Medina R, Rivero M, Martínez Marín V. Beyond cancer treatment: dermo-aesthetic and other wellness recommendations for breast cancer patients. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03636-9. [PMID: 39210207 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer, a prevalent malignancy among women, has various physical and psychological impacts. This comprehensive review offers an in-depth look at multidisciplinary dermo-aesthetic intervention approaches, emphasizing the balance between oncological therapies and the management of these effects. The information presented spans specialties such as aesthetic medicine, plastic surgery, dermatology, physiotherapy, nutrition, odontology, and gynecology. This review, which serves as a clinical guide, aims to establish a safe protocol for non-medical interventions involving oncologists, physicians, and specialists from various areas in patients with breast cancer focused on improving their quality of life. This work offers personalized and integrative care strategies for the eradication of cancer. However, it is still necessary for patients to consult with their oncologist before undergoing any dermo aesthetic treatment. However, it is still necessary for patients to consult with their oncologist before undergoing any dermo aesthetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Falcón González
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Av. Manuel Siurot, S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Encarnación González Flores
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, Beiro, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Galve Calvo
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Osakidetza, Av. Montevideo, 18, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Julia Ruiz Vozmediano
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, Beiro, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Paloma Domingo García
- Director of the Vodder Physiotherapy Center, Calle Ayala, 48. 1º Izq., 28001, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo López Martos
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Av. Manuel Siurot, S/N, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Carmen María Iglesias Urraca
- Plastic Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, P.º de la Castellana, 261, Fuencarral-El Pardo, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Gómez Calvo
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Service, Hospital General de Segovia, Luis Erik Clavería Street, 40002, Segovia, Spain
| | - Amaia De Mariscal Polo
- Dermatology Service, Basurto University Hospital, Montevideo Etorb., 18, Basurtu-Zorrotza, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Maria Rivero
- Medical Department, Pfizer Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez Marín
- Medical Oncology Service, La Paz University Hospital, P.º de la Castellana, 261, Fuencarral-El Pardo, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
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Demicheli R, Biganzoli E. Clinical Tumor Dormancy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2811:1-26. [PMID: 39037646 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3882-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes clinical evidence on tumor dormancy, with a special focus on our research supporting the role of dormancy both in local and distant recurrence of breast cancer following mastectomy. Starting from these premises, we propose a model of neoplastic development that allows us to elucidate several relevant clinical phenomena, including the mammographic paradox, the significance of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after conservative surgery, and the effect of surgeries performed after the removal of the primary. We will discuss the biological implications of the dormancy-based model, which are at odds with Somatic Mutation Theory. We will then review new models, alternatives to the Somatic Mutation Theory, for cancer development, with special emphasis on the Dynamic System Theory and the originality of its conceptual approach. Finally, we will put particular emphasis on the view of cancer development as a tissue-level process. We believe that this will help harmonize the molecular biology research with the new conceptual approach and bridge the knowledge gap on dormancy between bench and bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Demicheli
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, IBIC & DSRC, Ospedale "L. Sacco," LITA Campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elia Biganzoli
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, IBIC & DSRC, Ospedale "L. Sacco," LITA Campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Demicheli R, Hrushesky WJM. Reimagining Cancer: Moving from the Cellular to the Tissue Level. Cancer Res 2023; 83:173-180. [PMID: 36264185 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The current universally accepted explanation of cancer origin and behavior, the somatic mutation theory, is cell-centered and rooted in perturbation of gene function independent of the external environmental context. However, tumors consist of various epithelial and stromal cell populations temporally and spatially organized into an integrated neoplastic community, and they can have properties similar to normal tissues. Accordingly, we review specific normal cellular and tissue traits and behaviors with adaptive temporal and spatial self-organization that result in ordered patterns and structures. A few recent theories have described these tissue-level cancer behaviors, invoking a conceptual shift from the cellular level and highlighting the need for methodologic approaches based on the analysis of complex systems. We propose extending the analytical approach of regulatory networks to the tissue level and introduce the concept of "cancer attractors." These concepts require reevaluation of cancer imaging and investigational approaches and challenge the traditional reductionist approach of cancer molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Demicheli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC) "L. Sacco" & DSRC, LITA Vialba Campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - William J M Hrushesky
- School of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
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Satora L, Gawlikowski T, Tański A, Formicki K. Quest for breathing: proliferation of alveolar type 1 cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:393-401. [PMID: 35050380 PMCID: PMC9001204 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is much evidence that the vertebrate lung originated from a progenitor structure which was present in bony fish. However, critical basic elements for the evolution of breathing in tetrapods, such as the central rhythm generator sensitive to CO2/pH and the pulmonary surfactant, were present in the lungless primitive vertebrate. This suggests that the evolution of air breathing in all vertebrates may have evolved through exaptations. It appears that the capability for proliferation of alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells is the "critical factor" which rendered possible the most radical subsequent innovation-the possibility of air breathing. "Epithelial remodeling," which consists in proliferation of alveolar cells-the structural basis for gas diffusion-observed in the alimentary tract of the gut-breathing fishes (GBF) has great potential for application in biomedical research. Such a process probably led to the gradual evolutionary development of lungs in terrestrial vertebrates. Research on the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling proliferation of squamous epithelial cells in the GBF should contribute to explaining the regeneration-associated phenomena that occur in mammal lungs, and especially to the understanding of signal pathways which govern the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Satora
- Department of Hydrobiology, Ichthyology and Biotechnology of Reproduction, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Gawlikowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, ul. G. Herlinga-Grudzińskiego 1, 30-705, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Tański
- Department of Hydrobiology, Ichthyology and Biotechnology of Reproduction, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Formicki
- Department of Hydrobiology, Ichthyology and Biotechnology of Reproduction, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550, Szczecin, Poland
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Can the Mitochondrial Metabolic Theory Explain Better the Origin and Management of Cancer than Can the Somatic Mutation Theory? Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090572. [PMID: 34564387 PMCID: PMC8467939 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A theory that can best explain the facts of a phenomenon is more likely to advance knowledge than a theory that is less able to explain the facts. Cancer is generally considered a genetic disease based on the somatic mutation theory (SMT) where mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes cause dysregulated cell growth. Evidence is reviewed showing that the mitochondrial metabolic theory (MMT) can better account for the hallmarks of cancer than can the SMT. Proliferating cancer cells cannot survive or grow without carbons and nitrogen for the synthesis of metabolites and ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Glucose carbons are essential for metabolite synthesis through the glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways while glutamine nitrogen and carbons are essential for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing metabolites and ATP through the glutaminolysis pathway. Glutamine-dependent mitochondrial substrate level phosphorylation becomes essential for ATP synthesis in cancer cells that over-express the glycolytic pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2), that have deficient OxPhos, and that can grow in either hypoxia (0.1% oxygen) or in cyanide. The simultaneous targeting of glucose and glutamine, while elevating levels of non-fermentable ketone bodies, offers a simple and parsimonious therapeutic strategy for managing most cancers.
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Venerin AA, Venerina YA, Alexandrov YI. Cell functioning in norm and pathology in terms of the activity paradigm: Oncogenesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110240. [PMID: 33254546 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years many theories of carcinogenesis have been developed. Nowadays, there are two prevalent theories of carcinogenesis - two-hit hypothesis, which considers mutations as the main factor in malignization and tissue hypothesis, which considers tissue homeostasis disruption for providing cells transformation. Both of these theories explain cancer origin basing on principles of the reactivity paradigm. This paradigm emphasizes role of different stimuli in malignization. However, this approach does not provide us with sufficient support in progress towards either understanding of cancer origin or effective treatment strategies. In contrast to the reactivity paradigm, we intend to explain oncogenesis within the activity paradigm. Upon this approach, cells' activity is goal-directed and is determined by a future event - the adaptive result. The adaptive result is a proper interaction between the cell and its environment, which provides the cell with required metabolites. To achieve this result cells have to cooperate with each other and synchronize their needs. If cells fail to satisfy their metabolic 'needs' they have to reorganize their activity. This results in morpho-functional restructuring of cells. Summing up, we consider carcinogenesis to be a part of goal-directed adaptive activity of cells. Morphological and genetic atypia of cancer cells is a variant reorganization of cells' activity. Consequently, for better treatment, we should bring both transforming cells and their microenvironment to a novel cooperation and reorganization of their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Venerin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana A Venerina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yury I Alexandrov
- Shvyrkov's Lab, Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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Calabrese EJ. The linear No-Threshold (LNT) dose response model: A comprehensive assessment of its historical and scientific foundations. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 301:6-25. [PMID: 30763547 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The linear no-threshold (LNT) single-hit (SH) dose response model for cancer risk assessment is comprehensively assessed with respect to its historical foundations. This paper also examines how mistakes, ideological biases, and scientific misconduct by key scientists affected the acceptance, validity, and applications of the LNT model for cancer risk assessment. In addition, the analysis demonstrates that the LNT single-hit model was inappropriately adopted for governmental risk assessment, regulatory policy, practices, and for risk communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Li SC, Kabeer MH. Spatiotemporal switching signals for cancer stem cell activation in pediatric origins of adulthood cancer: Towards a watch-and-wait lifetime strategy for cancer treatment. World J Stem Cells 2018; 10:15-22. [PMID: 29531638 PMCID: PMC5840533 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric origin of cancer stem cell hypothesis holds great promise and potential in adult cancer treatment, however; the road to innovation is full of obstacles as there are plenty of questions left unanswered. First, the key question is to characterize the nature of such stem cells (concept). Second, the quantitative imaging of pediatric stem cells should be implemented (technology). Conceptually, pediatric stem cell origins of adult cancer are based on the notion that plasticity in early life developmental programming evolves local environments to cancer. Technologically, such imaging in children is lacking as all imaging is designed for adult patients. We postulate that the need for quantitative imaging to measure space-time changes of plasticity in early life developmental programming in children may trigger research and development of the imaging technology. Such quantitative imaging of pediatric origin of adulthood cancer will help develop a spatiotemporal monitoring system to determine cancer initiation and progression. Clinical validation of such speculative hypothesis-that cancer originates in a pediatric environment-will help implement a wait-and-watch strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Calvin Li
- Neuro-oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868-3874, United States
| | - Mustafa H Kabeer
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Department of Surgery, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868-3874, United States
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