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Yu Y, Tham SK, Roslan FF, Shaharuddin B, Yong YK, Guo Z, Tan JJ. Large animal models for cardiac remuscularization studies: A methodological review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1011880. [PMID: 37008331 PMCID: PMC10050756 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1011880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of heart failure, one of the most fatal non-communicable diseases worldwide. The disease could potentially be treated if the dead, ischemic heart tissues are regenerated and replaced with viable and functional cardiomyocytes. Pluripotent stem cells have proven the ability to derive specific and functional cardiomyocytes in large quantities for therapy. To test the remuscularization hypothesis, the strategy to model the disease in animals must resemble the pathophysiological conditions of myocardial infarction as in humans, to enable thorough testing of the safety and efficacy of the cardiomyocyte therapy before embarking on human trials. Rigorous experiments and in vivo findings using large mammals are increasingly important to simulate clinical reality and increase translatability into clinical practice. Hence, this review focus on large animal models which have been used in cardiac remuscularization studies using cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells. The commonly used methodologies in developing the myocardial infarction model, the choice of animal species, the pre-operative antiarrhythmics prophylaxis, the choice of perioperative sedative, anaesthesia and analgesia, the immunosuppressive strategies in allowing xenotransplantation, the source of cells, number and delivery method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Yu
- USM-ALPS Cardiac Research Laboratory, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | | | - Fatin Fazrina Roslan
- USM-ALPS Cardiac Research Laboratory, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Bakiah Shaharuddin
- USM-ALPS Cardiac Research Laboratory, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou Seventh People's Hospital, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, China
- Correspondence: Jun Jie Tan Zhikun Guo
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- USM-ALPS Cardiac Research Laboratory, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Jun Jie Tan Zhikun Guo
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Yan Z, Li S, Wang Y, Li J, Ma C, Guo Y, Zhang L. Discovery of novel heterocyclic derivatives as potential glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors with a cardioprotective effect. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Li Y, Sun X, Juan Z, Guan X, Wang M, Meng Y, Ma R. Propofol pretreatment alleviates mast cell degranulation by inhibiting SOC to protect the myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113014. [PMID: 35658248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol (PPF) has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the myocardial protective effect of propofol is related to the inhibition of mast cell degranulation and explore the possible mechanisms involved. Our in vivo results showed that compared with the sham group, cardiac function, infarct size, histopathological damage, apoptosis, and markers of myocardial necrosis were significantly increased in the ischemia-reperfusion group, and propofol pretreatment alleviated these effects. In the coculture system, propofol-treated mast cells reduced their tryptase activity, resulting in cardiomyocyte protective effects, such as decreased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and decreased expression of myocardial necrosis markers. Finally, experimental results in vitro revealed that thapsigargin (TG) can increase mast cell degranulation, tryptase release, calcium ion concentration, and the expression of STIM1 and Orai1 induced by H/R, but propofol pretreatment can partially reverse the above effects. These results suggested that the cardioprotective effect of propofol is achieved in part by inhibiting calcium influx through store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs) and thus alleviating mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozu Li
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Zhaodong Juan
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Xuehao Guan
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Mingling Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yanmei Meng
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ruijin Ma
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
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Zhang J, Dong Y, Zhou M, Wo X, Niu S, Shao E, Liu X, Jin H, Zhao W. Sulforaphane protects myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating CaMKIIN2 and CaMKIIδ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 605:119-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Wen ZJ, Xin H, Wang YC, Liu HW, Gao YY, Zhang YF. Emerging roles of circRNAs in the pathological process of myocardial infarction. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:828-848. [PMID: 34729251 PMCID: PMC8536508 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as cardiomyocyte death in a clinical context consistent with ischemic insult. MI remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although there are a number of effective clinical methods for the diagnosis and treatment of MI, further investigation of novel biomarkers and molecular therapeutic targets is required. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), novel non-coding RNAs, have been reported to function mainly by acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges or binding to RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA (protein) regulatory pathway regulates gene expression and affects the pathological mechanisms of various diseases. Undoubtedly, a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between MI and circRNA will lay the foundation for the development of circRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MI. Therefore, this review summarizes the pathophysiological process of MI and various approaches to measure circRNA levels in MI patients, tissues, and cells; highlights the significance of circRNAs in the regulation MI pathogenesis and development; and provides potential clinical insight for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Jin Wen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hui Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong-Chen Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hao-Wen Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yan-Yan Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
- Correspondence: Yin-Feng Zhang, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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Shen D, He Z. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes regulate the polarization and inflammatory response of macrophages via miR-21-5p to promote repair after myocardial reperfusion injury. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1323. [PMID: 34532460 PMCID: PMC8422151 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is a type of myocardial ischemia that has a significant impact on patients' health. We aimed to explore the protective effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and their specific mechanism. Methods The effects of MSC-EXOs on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury were recorded. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in mouse myocardial tissue or culture supernatant. Co-cultured MSC-EXOs and RAW264.7 cells were used to study the effect of MSC-EXOs on the polarization of macrophages at the cellular level. The ratio of M1 and M2 macrophages were detected by flow cytometry, and RT-qPCR detected the mRNA expression levels of corresponding markers. After transfection with miR-21-5p inhibitors or mimics, flow cytometry and RT-qPCR experiments were performed to explore the specific role of MSC-EXOs in macrophage polarization. Results After injection of MSC-EXOs, the mRNA expression of M1 macrophage markers (iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα) in the myocardial tissue of model mice was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the mRNA expression of M2 macrophage markers was significantly increased (P<0.05). The injection also reduced the inflammation response in the model mice (P<0.05). In the in vitro experiment, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the inflammatory microenvironment. After MSC-EXOs were fixed in the cytoplasm of RAW264.7 cells, the level of IL-6 in the culture supernatant decreased (P<0.05), and the level of IL-10 increased (P<0.05). The addition of MSC-EXOs to LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells promoted their polarization toward the M2 phenotype and upregulated their marker expression levels (P<0.05). Following inhibition of miR-21-5p in MSC cells, the EXOs were collected, and it was found that MSC-EXOs that inhibited the expression of miR-21-5p promoted LPS-induced polarization of RAW264.7 cells to the M1 phenotype and upregulated inflammation in the culture supernatant. Furthermore, transfection with miR-21-5p mimics promoted the polarization of RAW264.7 cells to the M2 phenotype and reduced the level of inflammatory factors in the culture supernatant. Conclusions MSC-EXOs promote the polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype via miR-21-5p, thereby reducing inflammation and promoting heart repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafu Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Post and Telecommunication Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in a Mouse Myocardial Infarction Model. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34302665 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1484-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is caused by a lack of oxygen due to blockage of a coronary artery and is a common cause of heart failure. Despite therapeutic advances, the prognosis of patients with heart failure is poor. One of the reasons is that present therapeutic approaches do not restore the loss of cardiac tissue. Stem cell-based therapies have the potential to regenerate the myocardium, and numerous studies using stem cells have shown improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size. In this chapter, we describe our methodology for transplanting human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes into immunodeficient mouse hearts with myocardial infarction.
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Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C. Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:899. [PMID: 33919808 PMCID: PMC8070848 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multifactorial cardiovascular disorder diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation, and is the leading cause of death for both mothers and babies in pregnancy. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood due to the variability and unpredictability of disease manifestation when studied in animal models. After preeclampsia, both mothers and offspring have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction or heart attack and heart failure (HF). Myocardial infarction is an acute myocardial damage that can be treated through reperfusion; however, this therapeutic approach leads to ischemic/reperfusion injury (IRI), often leading to HF. In this review, we compared the current in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo model systems used to study preeclampsia, IRI and HF. Future studies aiming at evaluating CVD in preeclampsia patients could benefit from novel models that better mimic the complex scenario described in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Liu Chung Ming
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (C.L.C.M.); (E.B.-S.); (D.A.)
| | - Kimberly Sesperez
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.S.); (K.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Eitan Ben-Sefer
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (C.L.C.M.); (E.B.-S.); (D.A.)
| | - David Arpon
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (C.L.C.M.); (E.B.-S.); (D.A.)
| | - Kristine McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.S.); (K.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.S.); (K.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering/FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (C.L.C.M.); (E.B.-S.); (D.A.)
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sun K, Li YY, Jin J. A double-edged sword of immuno-microenvironment in cardiac homeostasis and injury repair. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:79. [PMID: 33612829 PMCID: PMC7897720 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of immune cells in cardiac injury is divided into three continuous phases: inflammation, proliferation and maturation. The kinetics of the inflammatory and proliferation phases directly influence the tissue repair. In cardiac homeostasis, cardiac tissue resident macrophages (cTMs) phagocytose bacteria and apoptotic cells. Meanwhile, NK cells prevent the maturation and transport of inflammatory cells. After cardiac injury, cTMs phagocytose the dead cardiomyocytes (CMs), regulate the proliferation and angiogenesis of cardiac progenitor cells. NK cells prevent the cardiac fibrosis, and promote vascularization and angiogenesis. Type 1 macrophages trigger the cardioprotective responses and promote tissue fibrosis in the early stage. Reversely, type 2 macrophages promote cardiac remodeling and angiogenesis in the late stage. Circulating macrophages and neutrophils firstly lead to chronic inflammation by secreting proinflammatory cytokines, and then release anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, which regulate cardiac remodeling. In this process, dendritic cells (DCs) mediate the regulation of monocyte and macrophage recruitment. Recruited eosinophils and Mast cells (MCs) release some mediators which contribute to coronary vasoconstriction, leukocyte recruitment, formation of new blood vessels, scar formation. In adaptive immunity, effector T cells, especially Th17 cells, lead to the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis, including the distal fibrosis and scar formation. CMs protectors, Treg cells, inhibit reduce the inflammatory response, then directly trigger the regeneration of local progenitor cell via IL-10. B cells reduce myocardial injury by preserving cardiac function during the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Sun
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Jin Jin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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Abstract
The discovery of endogenous regenerative potential of the heart in zebrafish and neonatal mice has shifted the cardiac regenerative field towards the utilization of intrinsic regenerative mechanisms in the mammalian heart. The goal of these studies is to understand, and eventually apply, the neonatal regenerative mechanisms into adulthood. To facilitate these studies, the last two decades have seen advancements in the development of injury models in adult mice representative of the diversity of cardiac diseases. Here, we provide an overview for a selection of the most common cardiac ischemic injury models and describe a set of methods used to accurately analyze and quantify cardiac outcomes. Importantly, a comprehensive understanding of cardiac regeneration and repair requires a combination of multiple functional, histological, and molecular analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Bassat
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dahlia E Perez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Rusiecka OM, Montgomery J, Morel S, Batista-Almeida D, Van Campenhout R, Vinken M, Girao H, Kwak BR. Canonical and Non-Canonical Roles of Connexin43 in Cardioprotection. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091225. [PMID: 32842488 PMCID: PMC7563275 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-20th century, ischemic heart disease has been the world’s leading cause of death. Developing effective clinical cardioprotection strategies would make a significant impact in improving both quality of life and longevity in the worldwide population. Both ex vivo and in vivo animal models of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are robustly used in research. Connexin43 (Cx43), the predominant gap junction channel-forming protein in cardiomyocytes, has emerged as a cardioprotective target. Cx43 posttranslational modifications as well as cellular distribution are altered during cardiac reperfusion injury, inducing phosphorylation states and localization detrimental to maintaining intercellular communication and cardiac conduction. Pre- (before ischemia) and post- (after ischemia but before reperfusion) conditioning can abrogate this injury process, preserving Cx43 and reducing cell death. Pre-/post-conditioning has been shown to largely rely on the presence of Cx43, including mitochondrial Cx43, which is implicated to play a major role in pre-conditioning. Posttranslational modifications of Cx43 after injury alter the protein interactome, inducing negative protein cascades and altering protein trafficking, which then causes further damage post-I/R injury. Recently, several peptides based on the Cx43 sequence have been found to successfully diminish cardiac injury in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Rusiecka
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.M.R.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Jade Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.M.R.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandrine Morel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.M.R.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Daniela Batista-Almeida
- Univ Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.B.-A.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (R.V.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (R.V.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Henrique Girao
- Univ Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.B.-A.); (H.G.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Brenda R. Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.M.R.); (J.M.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Oxytocin ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury by inhibiting mast cell degranulation and inflammation in the rat heart. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110358. [PMID: 32526456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin (OT) has shown a cardioprotective effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). This study aimed to investigate whether the cardioprotective effect of OT is associated with the inhibition of mast cell degranulation and inflammation. METHODS The left anterior descending coronary artery of rats was ligated for 30 min and reperfused for 120 min to establish an ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury model. A preliminary experiment was conducted to evaluate the optimal dose of OT (0.01, 0.1, 1 μg/kg via intraperitoneal). The mast cell secretagogue compound 48/80 (C48/80) was used to promote the degranulation of mast cells with or without I/R injury, while rats were pretreated with OT to determine whether this compound suppresses mast cell degranulation. The expression of the inflammatory factors HMGB1 and NF-κB p65 was evaluated. A cell experiment was performed for verification. RESULTS C48/80 (0.5 mg/kg, intravenous) increased mast cell degranulation and tryptase release compared with I/R-treated alone (27.12 ± 3.52 % vs. 16.57 ± 2.23 %; 8.34 ± 1.66 ng/mL vs. 3.63 ± 0.63 ng/mL), but these effects could be decreased by OT (0.1 μg/kg, intraperitoneal) preconditioning (19.29 ± 0.74 %; 5.37 ± 0.73 ng/mL). Besides that, hemodynamic disorders, arrhythmias, cardiac edema, infarct size, histopathological damage, and the levels of cTnI, HMGB1 and NF-κB p65 were significantly increased in I/R-treated group compared with corresponding observations in the control group, and C48/80 exacerbated these injuries, but pretreatment with OT could ameliorate these effects. Furthermore, C48/80 (10 μg/mL) inhibited the viability and promoted the apoptosis of H9C2(2-1) and RBL-2H3 cells, and increased the release of cTnI and tryptase, all of which were reversed by prophylactic OT (0.01 ng/mL) treatment. CONCLUSION We concluded that OT pretreatment inhibits the degranulation of cardiac mast cells induced by I/R injury and downregulates the expression of the inflammatory factors HMGB1 and NF-κB p65.
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He N, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Wang D, Ye H. Exosomes: Cell-Free Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 13:713-721. [PMID: 32333198 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-09966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are an important cause of death and disease worldwide. Because injured cardiac tissue cannot be repaired itself, it is urgent to develop other alternate therapies. Stem cells can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells for the treatment of CVDs. Therefore, cell therapy has recently been considered a viable treatment option that can significantly improve cardiac function. Nonetheless, implanted stem cells rarely survive in the recipient heart, suggesting that the benefits of stem cell therapy may involve other mechanisms. Exosomes derived from stem cells have a myocardial protection function after myocardial injury, and may be a promising and effective therapy for CVDs. Here, we discuss the application and mechanism of exosomes derived from stem cells in the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs and provide evidence for the application of exosomes in CVDs. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana He
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital (previously named Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Xibei Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Ningbo, Ningbo, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongjuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital (previously named Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Xibei Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honghua Ye
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei Hospital (previously named Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 41 Xibei Street, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
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