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Xue K, Sarkar R, Tošner Z, Reif B. Field and magic angle spinning frequency dependence of proton resonances in rotating solids. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 130-131:47-61. [PMID: 36113917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proton detection in solid state NMR is continuously developing and allows one to gain new insights in structural biology. Overall, this progress is a result of the synergy between hardware development, new NMR methodology and new isotope labeling strategies, to name a few factors. Even though current developments are rapid, it is worthwhile to summarize what can currently be achieved employing proton detection in biological solids. We illustrate this by analysing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for spectra obtained for a microcrystalline α-spectrin SH3 domain protein sample by (i) employing different degrees of chemical dilution to replace protons by incorporating deuterons in different sites, by (ii) variation of the magic angle spinning (MAS) frequencies between 20 and 110 kHz, and by (iii) variation of the static magnetic field B0. The experimental SNR values are validated with numerical simulations employing up to 9 proton spins. Although in reality a protein would contain far more than 9 protons, in a deuterated environment this is a sufficient number to achieve satisfactory simulations consistent with the experimental data. The key results of this analysis are (i) with current hardware, deuteration is still necessary to record spectra of optimum quality; (ii) 13CH3 isotopomers for methyl groups yield the best SNR when MAS frequencies above 100 kHz are available; and (iii) sensitivity increases with a factor beyond B0 3/2 with the static magnetic field due to a transition of proton-proton dipolar interactions from a strong to a weak coupling limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xue
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of NMR Based Structural Biology, Am Fassberg. 11, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Riddhiman Sarkar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Zdeněk Tošner
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12842 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Bernd Reif
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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Ahlawat S, Mote KR, Lakomek NA, Agarwal V. Solid-State NMR: Methods for Biological Solids. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9643-9737. [PMID: 35238547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy has transformed from a spectroscopic technique investigating small molecules and industrial polymers to a potent tool decrypting structure and underlying dynamics of complex biological systems, such as membrane proteins, fibrils, and assemblies, in near-physiological environments and temperatures. This transformation can be ascribed to improvements in hardware design, sample preparation, pulsed methods, isotope labeling strategies, resolution, and sensitivity. The fundamental engagement between nuclear spins and radio-frequency pulses in the presence of a strong static magnetic field is identical between solution and ssNMR, but the experimental procedures vastly differ because of the absence of molecular tumbling in solids. This review discusses routinely employed state-of-the-art static and MAS pulsed NMR methods relevant for biological samples with rotational correlation times exceeding 100's of nanoseconds. Recent developments in signal filtering approaches, proton methodologies, and multiple acquisition techniques to boost sensitivity and speed up data acquisition at fast MAS are also discussed. Several examples of protein structures (globular, membrane, fibrils, and assemblies) solved with ssNMR spectroscopy have been considered. We also discuss integrated approaches to structurally characterize challenging biological systems and some newly emanating subdisciplines in ssNMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Ahlawat
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Survey No. 36/P Gopanpally, Serilingampally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Kaustubh R Mote
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Survey No. 36/P Gopanpally, Serilingampally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Nils-Alexander Lakomek
- University of Düsseldorf, Institute for Physical Biology, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vipin Agarwal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Survey No. 36/P Gopanpally, Serilingampally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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Reif B. Deuteration for High-Resolution Detection of Protons in Protein Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) Solid-State NMR. Chem Rev 2021; 122:10019-10035. [PMID: 34870415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proton detection developed in the last 20 years as the method of choice to study biomolecules in the solid state. In perdeuterated proteins, proton dipolar interactions are strongly attenuated, which allows yielding of high-resolution proton spectra. Perdeuteration and backsubstitution of exchangeable protons is essential if samples are rotated with MAS rotation frequencies below 60 kHz. Protonated samples can be investigated directly without spin dilution using proton detection methods in case the MAS frequency exceeds 110 kHz. This review summarizes labeling strategies and the spectroscopic methods to perform experiments that yield assignments, quantitative information on structure, and dynamics using perdeuterated samples. Techniques for solvent suppression, H/D exchange, and deuterium spectroscopy are discussed. Finally, experimental and theoretical results that allow estimation of the sensitivity of proton detected experiments as a function of the MAS frequency and the external B0 field in a perdeuterated environment are compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Reif
- Bayerisches NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Institute of Structural Biology (STB), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Wi S, Frydman L. An Efficient, Robust New Scheme for Establishing Broadband Homonuclear Correlations in Biomolecular Solid State NMR. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:284-294. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungsool Wi
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee Florida 32304 USA
| | - Lucio Frydman
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee Florida 32304 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics Weizmann Institute of Sciences Rehovot Israel
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Xue K, Sarkar R, Tosner Z, Lalli D, Motz C, Koch B, Pintacuda G, Reif B. MAS dependent sensitivity of different isotopomers in selectively methyl protonated protein samples in solid state NMR. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2019; 73:625-631. [PMID: 31515660 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-019-00274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity and resolution together determine the quality of NMR spectra in biological solids. For high-resolution structure determination with solid-state NMR, proton-detection emerged as an attractive strategy in the last few years. Recent progress in probe technology has extended the range of available MAS frequencies up to above 100 kHz, enabling the detection of resolved resonances from sidechain protons, which are important reporters of structure. Here we characterise the interplay between MAS frequency in the newly available range of 70-110 kHz and proton content on the spectral quality obtainable on a 1 GHz spectrometer for methyl resonances. Variable degrees of proton densities are tested on microcrystalline samples of the α-spectrin SH3 domain with selectively protonated methyl isotopomers (CH3, CH2D, CHD2) in a perdeuterated matrix. The experimental results are supported by simulations that allow the prediction of the sensitivity outside this experimental frequency window. Our results facilitate the selection of the appropriate labelling scheme at a given MAS rotation frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xue
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riddhiman Sarkar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany.
| | - Zdenek Tosner
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12842, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Lalli
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire a Très hauts Champs (FRE 2034, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Carina Motz
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Benita Koch
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire a Très hauts Champs (FRE 2034, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Bernd Reif
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) at Department Chemie, Technische Universität München (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany.
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