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Improved Quantitative Approach for Monitorization of Gangliosides Structural Diversity in Fungal Cell Factories by LC-MS/MS. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are glycolipids occurring in higher animals, with a sphingoid core in the form of ceramide, bound to a glycan moiety including several units of sialic acid. Gangliosides are involved in important (patho)-physiological processes as components of cell membranes in humans, which has led to intensive study and interest in production strategies. Their structural variability depends on the combination of a sphingoid base, a fatty acyl chain, and an attached oligosaccharide. The combinatorial diversity differs and grows exponentially in synthetic biology approaches, e.g., use of microbial cell factories. A specific analytical platform accounting for this complexity is not available to date. However, quantification of the intermediates of the whole biosynthetic route is needed to boost projects on biotechnological ganglioside production. In this study, a fast high-throughput quantitative LC-MS/MS methodology was developed to cover analysis of gangliosides, with a wider structural perspective adapted to fungal organisms. This work was achieved using metabolically engineered strains that further allowed to test detection in biological complex matrixes. Ganglioside backbones—hitherto uncharacterized—with the five most common fungal sphingoid bases and both simple and hydroxylated fatty acids were subjected to characterization. The addition of glycans to the polar head was also successfully monitored with up to 4 units—corresponding to GD3 which bears two sialic acid units and furthermore represents the common precursor for the whole ganglio-series. This platform represents an improved methodology to study the biochemical diversity associated to gangliosides for natural and metabolically engineered biosynthetic pathways.
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Vibhute AM, Komura N, Tanaka HN, Imamura A, Ando H. Advanced Chemical Methods for Stereoselective Sialylation and Their Applications in Sialoglycan Syntheses. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3194-3223. [PMID: 34028159 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid is an important component of cell surface glycans, which are responsible for many vital body functions and should therefore be thoroughly studied to understand their biological roles and association with disorders. The difficulty of isolating large quantities of homogenous-state sialoglycans from natural sources has inspired the development of the corresponding chemical synthesis methods affording acceptable purities, yields, and amounts. However, the related syntheses are challenging because of the difficulties in α-glycosylation of sialic acid, which arises from its certain structural features such as the absence of a stereodirecting group at the C3 position and presence of carboxyl group at the anomeric position. Moreover, the structural complexities of sialoglycans with diverse numbers and locations of sialic acid on the glycan chains pose additional barriers. Thus, efficient α-stereoselective routes to sialosides remain highly sought after, although various types of sialyl donors/acceptors have been developed for the straightforward synthesis of α-sialosides. Herein, we review the latest progress in the α-stereoselective synthesis of sialosides and their applications in the preparation of gangliosides and other sialoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol M Vibhute
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hide-Nori Tanaka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Rohokale RS, Li Q, Guo Z. A Diversity-Oriented Strategy for Chemical Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids: Synthesis of Glycosphingolipid LcGg4 and Its Analogues and Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1633-1648. [PMID: 33395290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A diversity-oriented strategy was developed for the synthesis of glycosphingolipids (GSLs). This strategy was highlighted by using a simple lactoside containing the core structures of GSL glycan and lipid as the universal starting material to obtain different synthetic targets upon stepwise elongation of the glycan via chemical glycosylations and on-site remodeling of the lipid via chemoselective cross-metathesis and N-acylation. The strategy was verified with the synthesis of a lacto-ganglio GSL, LcGg4, which is a biomarker of undifferentiated malignant myeloid cells, and a series of its analogues or derivatives carrying different sugar chains and unique functionalities or molecular labels. This synthetic strategy should be widely applicable and, therefore, be utilized to rapidly access various GSLs and related derivatives by using different donors for glycosylations and different substrates for lipid remodeling following each glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S Rohokale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Li Q, Jaiswal M, Rohokale RS, Guo Z. A Diversity-Oriented Strategy for Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids and Related Derivatives. Org Lett 2020; 22:8245-8249. [PMID: 33074681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A diversity-oriented strategy combining enzymatic glycan assembly and on-site lipid remodeling via chemoselective cross-metathesis and N-acylation was developed for glycosphingolipid (GSL) synthesis starting from a common, simple glycoside. The strategy was verified with a series of natural GSLs and GSL derivatives and showed several advantages. Most notably, it enabled two-way diversification of the glycan and lipid, including introduction of designed molecular tags, to provide functionalized GSLs useful for biological studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Mohit Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Rajendra S Rohokale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Feng L, Shi J, Hong H, Zhou Z, Wu Z. GM3 trisaccharide biosynthesis and process optimization using engineered E. coli lysate and whole-cell catalysis. J Carbohydr Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2020.1788576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haofei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhifang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Mucin O-glycan microarrays. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 56:187-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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