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Sun Y, Gong J, Li Z, Han L, Sun D. Gallbladder cancer: surgical treatment, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Postgrad Med 2024; 136:278-291. [PMID: 38635593 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2024.2345585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a common type of biliary tract tumor. Optimal management for early stage cases typically involves radical excision as the primary treatment modality. Various surgical techniques, including laparoscopic, robotic, and navigational surgery, have demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes in radical gallbladder excision. Unfortunately, most patients are ineligible for surgical intervention because of the advanced stage of the disease upon diagnosis. Consequently, non-surgical interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, have become the mainstay of treatment for patients in advanced stages. This review focuses on elucidating various surgical techniques as well as advancements in immunotherapy and targeted therapy in the context of recent advancements in gallbladder cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Junfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | | | - Lin Han
- Department of General Surgery, The Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Dengqun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Armed Police Corps Hospital of Anhui, Hefei, China
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Montico B, Nigro A, Lamberti MJ, Martorelli D, Mastorci K, Ravo M, Giurato G, Steffan A, Dolcetti R, Casolaro V, Dal Col J. Phospholipid scramblase 1 is involved in immunogenic cell death and contributes to dendritic cell-based vaccine efficiency to elicit antitumor immune response in vitro. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:145-156. [PMID: 38099895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Whole tumor cell lysates (TCLs) obtained from cancer cells previously killed by treatments able to promote immunogenic cell death (ICD) can be efficiently used as a source of tumor-associated antigens for the development of highly efficient dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines. Herein, the potential role of the interferon (IFN)-inducible protein phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) in influencing immunogenic features of dying cancer cells and in enhancing DC-based vaccine efficiency was investigated. METHODS PLSCR1 expression was evaluated in different mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines following ICD induction by 9-cis-retinoic acid (RA)/IFN-α combination, and commercial kinase inhibitor was used to identify the signaling pathway involved in its upregulation. A Mino cell line ectopically expressing PLSCR1 was generated to investigate the potential involvement of this protein in modulating ICD features. Whole TCLs obtained from Mino overexpressing PLSCR1 were used for DC loading, and loaded DCs were employed for generation of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. RESULTS The ICD inducer RA/IFN-α combination promoted PLSCR1 expression through STAT1 activation. PLSCR1 upregulation favored pro-apoptotic effects of RA/IFN-α treatment and enhanced the exposure of calreticulin on cell surface. Moreover, DCs loaded with TCLs obtained from Mino ectopically expressing PLSCR1 elicited in vitro greater T-cell-mediated antitumor responses compared with DCs loaded with TCLs derived from Mino infected with empty vector or the parental cell line. Conversely, PLSCR1 knock-down inhibited the stimulating activity of DCs loaded with RA/IFN-α-treated TCLs to elicit cyclin D1 peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that PLSCR1 improved ICD-associated calreticulin exposure induced by RA/IFN-α and was clearly involved in DC-based vaccine efficiency as well, suggesting a potential contribution in the control of pathways associated to DC activation, possibly including those involved in antigen uptake and concomitant antitumor immune response activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Maria Julia Lamberti
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, INBIAS, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Debora Martorelli
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Katy Mastorci
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Maria Ravo
- Genomix4Life Srl, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
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Lamberti MJ, Montico B, Ravo M, Nigro A, Giurato G, Iorio R, Tarallo R, Weisz A, Stellato C, Steffan A, Dolcetti R, Casolaro V, Faè DA, Dal Col J. Integration of miRNA:mRNA Co-Expression Revealed Crucial Mechanisms Modulated in Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081896. [PMID: 36009442 PMCID: PMC9405340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer represents a functionally unique therapeutic response that can induce tumor-targeting immune responses. ICD is characterized by the exposure and release of numerous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which confer adjuvanticity to dying cancer cells. The spatiotemporally defined emission of DAMPs during ICD has been well described, whereas the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate ICD hallmarks have not yet been deeply elucidated. Here, we aimed to examine the involvement of miRNAs and their putative targets using well-established in vitro models of ICD. To this end, B cell lymphoma (Mino) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines were exposed to two different ICD inducers, the combination of retinoic acid (RA) and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) and doxorubicin, and to non ICD inducers such as gamma irradiation. Then, miRNA and mRNA profiles were studied by next generation sequencing. Co-expression analysis identified 16 miRNAs differentially modulated in cells undergoing ICD. Integrated miRNA-mRNA functional analysis revealed candidate miRNAs, mRNAs, and modulated pathways associated with Immune System Process (GO Term). Specifically, ICD induced a distinctive transcriptional signature hallmarked by regulation of antigen presentation, a crucial step for proper activation of immune system antitumor response. Interestingly, the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) pathway was upregulated whereas class II (MHC-II) was downregulated. Analysis of MHC-II associated transcripts and HLA-DR surface expression confirmed inhibition of this pathway by ICD on lymphoma cells. miR-4284 and miR-212-3p were the strongest miRNAs upregulated by ICD associated with this event and miR-212-3p overexpression was able to downregulate surface expression of HLA-DR. It is well known that MHC-II expression on tumor cells facilitates the recruitment of CD4+ T cells. However, the interaction between tumor MHC-II and inhibitory coreceptors on tumor-associated lymphocytes could provide an immunosuppressive signal that directly represses effector cytotoxic activity. In this context, MHC-II downregulation by ICD could enhance antitumor immunity. Overall, we found that the miRNA profile was significantly altered during ICD. Several miRNAs are predicted to be involved in the regulation of MHC-I and II pathways, whose implication in ICD is demonstrated herein for the first time, which could eventually modulate tumor recognition and attack by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Lamberti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
- INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto, Córdoba 5800, Argentina
- Correspondence: (M.J.L.); (J.D.C.); Tel.: +54-358-4676437 (M.J.L.); +39-089-965210 (J.D.C.)
| | - Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Maria Ravo
- Genomix Life Srl, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Damiana Antonia Faè
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.J.L.); (J.D.C.); Tel.: +54-358-4676437 (M.J.L.); +39-089-965210 (J.D.C.)
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Cheng H, Zhou D, Wang S, Ding J, Ma F. The immunological characteristics of gallbladder carcinoma and advances in immunotherapy practices. Biosci Trends 2021; 15:9-15. [PMID: 33551416 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2020.01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the biliary system, ranking sixth among gastrointestinal malignancies. In addition, the incidence of GBC has recently increased in China. GBC metastasizes early and invades adjacent organs such as the liver, making patients with GBC ineligible for radical surgery and giving them a poor prognosis. What is more, GBC is more inclined to develop chemo-resistance, which requires new strategies for clinical intervention. Cancer immunotherapy has made great advances over the past few years, with improved clinical efficacy against multiple malignancies, including GBC. This review summarizes the immunological characteristics of GBC as well as current advances in immunotherapies for GBC in order to provide new insights into future treatment and prevention of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouhua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai University of T.C.M., Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
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The immunoregulatory function of polyphenols: implications in cancer immunity. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108428. [PMID: 32679443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols have demonstrated several potential biological activities, notably antitumoral activity dependent on immune function. In the present review, we describe studies that investigated antitumor immune responses influenced by polyphenols and the mechanisms by which polyphenols improve the immune response. We also discuss the limitations in related areas, especially unexplored areas of research, and next steps required to develop a therapeutic approach utilizing polyphenols in oncology.
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Wang Y, Ding Y, Xu Y, Wang C, Ding Y, Gao M, Ma C, Ma X, Li L. Mixed micelles of TPGS and Soluplus ® for co-delivery of paclitaxel and fenretinide: in vitro and in vivo anticancer study. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:865-873. [PMID: 32266855 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1753770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fenretinide (4-HPR), as a semi-synthetic retinoid, has apoptosis-promoting effects as a single agent and chemotherapy synergist in vitro. When a human ovarian cancer cells line (A2780s) was treated with both PTX and 4-HPR, there was a synergistic anti-cancer effect demonstrated with a average combination index of 0.44. In this research, a new TPGS-Soluplus® mixed micelles were developed which encapsulation efficiencies of paclitaxel (PTX) and fenretinide (4-HPR) were as high as 98%, and the average diameter of the micelles was 66.26 nm. Cytotoxicity of the mixed micelles co-delivered with PTX and 4-HPR reduced significantly 7.3 and 25.1 times compared with free drug respectively in A2780s cells. More importantly, in vivo pharmacokinetic study, the loaded drugs in mixed micelles exhibited higher AUC and t1/2 values than free drugs. Furthermore, in vivo antitumor efficacy experiments demonstrated that PF-TS exhibited superior in vivo antitumor activity on the inhibition rate of tumor growth than other treatment groups (77.8% corresponding tumor growth inhibition in PF-TS treated group vs 19.9, 12.5, and 26.0% of tumor growth inhibition rate in Taxol®, 4-HPR, and Taxol®+4-HPR, respectively). Therefore, the mixed micelles of co-deliver PTX and 4-HPR successfully constructed may hopefully be applied to the cancer combination treatment with less toxic effect and more antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Ding
- School of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Youwei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Chengge Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
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Lamberti MJ, Nigro A, Mentucci FM, Rumie Vittar NB, Casolaro V, Dal Col J. Dendritic Cells and Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death: A Combination for Improving Antitumor Immunity. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030256. [PMID: 32178288 PMCID: PMC7151083 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety and feasibility of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies in cancer management have been well documented after more than twenty-five years of experimentation, and, by now, undeniably accepted. On the other hand, it is equally evident that DC-based vaccination as monotherapy did not achieve the clinical benefits that were predicted in a number of promising preclinical studies. The current availability of several immune modulatory and targeting approaches opens the way to many potential therapeutic combinations. In particular, the evidence that the immune-related effects that are elicited by immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing therapies are strictly associated with DC engagement and activation strongly support the combination of ICD-inducing and DC-based immunotherapies. In this review, we examine the data in recent studies employing tumor cells, killed through ICD induction, in the formulation of anticancer DC-based vaccines. In addition, we discuss the opportunity to combine pharmacologic or physical therapeutic approaches that can promote ICD in vivo with in situ DC vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Lamberti
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.J.L.); (F.M.M.)
- INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
| | - Fátima María Mentucci
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.J.L.); (F.M.M.)
- INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Belén Rumie Vittar
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.J.L.); (F.M.M.)
- INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
- Correspondence: (N.B.R.V.); (J.D.C.); Tel.: +39-089-965-210 (J.D.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.B.R.V.); (J.D.C.); Tel.: +39-089-965-210 (J.D.C.)
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Lamberti MJ, Mentucci FM, Roselli E, Araya P, Rivarola VA, Rumie Vittar NB, Maccioni M. Photodynamic Modulation of Type 1 Interferon Pathway on Melanoma Cells Promotes Dendritic Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2614. [PMID: 31781113 PMCID: PMC6856948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response against cancer generated by type-I-interferons (IFN-1) has recently been described. Exogenous and endogenous IFN-α/β have an important role in immune surveillance and control of tumor development. In addition, IFN-1s have recently emerged as novel DAMPs for the consecutive events connecting innate and adaptive immunity, and they also have been postulated as an essential requirement for induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). In this context, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been previously linked to the ICD. PDT consists in the administration of a photosensitizer (PS) and its activation by irradiation of the affected area with visible light producing excitation of the PS. This leads to the local generation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) with limited or no systemic defects. In the current work, Me-ALA inducing PpIX (endogenous PS) was administrated to B16-OVA melanoma cells. PpIX preferentially localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Subsequent PpIX activation with visible light significantly induced oxidative ER-stress mediated-apoptotic cell death. Under these conditions, the present study was the first to report the in vitro upregulation of IFN-1 expression in response to photodynamic treatment in melanoma. This IFN-α/β transcripts upregulation was concurrent with IRF-3 phosphorylation at levels that efficiently activated STAT1 and increased ligand receptor (cGAS) and ISG (CXCL10, MX1, ISG15) expression. The IFN-1 pathway has been identified as a critical molecular pathway for the antitumor host immune response, more specifically for the dendritic cells (DCs) functions. In this sense, PDT-treated melanoma cells induced IFN-1-dependent phenotypic maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) by enhancing co-stimulatory signals (CD80, MHC-II) and tumor-directed chemotaxis. Collectively, our findings showed a new effect of PDT-treated cancer cells by modulating the IFN-1 pathway and its impact on the activation of DCs, emphasizing the potential relevance of PDT in adoptive immunotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Lamberti
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fátima María Mentucci
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Roselli
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Araya
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana Alicia Rivarola
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Belén Rumie Vittar
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Maccioni
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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