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Ramachandran A, Dhar R, Devi A. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: An Advanced Horizon to Cancer Regenerative Medicine. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2128-2139. [PMID: 38568170 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer research has made significant progress in recent years, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) based cancer investigation reveals several facts about cancer. Exosomes are a subpopulation of EVs. In the present decade, exosomes is mostly highlighted for cancer theranostic research. Tumor cell derived exosomes (TEXs) promote cancer but there are multiple sources of exosomes that can be used as cancer therapeutic agents (plant exosomes, stem cell-derived exosomes, modified or synthetic exosomes). Stem cells based regenerative medicine faces numerous challenges, such as promote tumor development, cellular reprogramming etc., and therefore addressing these complications becomes essential. Stem cell-derived exosomes serves as an answer to these problems and offers a better solution. Global research indicates that stem cell-derived exosomes also play a dual role in the cellular system by either inhibiting or promoting cancer. Modified exosomes which are genetically engineered exosomes or surface modified exosomes to increase the efficacy of the therapeutic properties can also be considered to target the above concerns. However, the difficulties associated with the exosomes include variations in exosomes heterogenity, isolation protocols, large scale production, etc., and these have to be managed effectively. In this review, we explore exosomes biogenesis, multiple stem cell-derived exosome sources, drug delivery, modified stem cells exosomes, clinical trial of stem cells exosomes, and the related challenges in this domain and future orientation. This article may encourage researchers to explore stem cell-derived exosomes and develop an effective and affordable cancer therapeutic solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ramachandran
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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Jakubechova J, Smolkova B, Furdova A, Demkova L, Altanerova U, Nicodemou A, Zeleznikova T, Klimova D, Altaner C. Suicide-Gene-Modified Extracellular Vesicles of Human Primary Uveal Melanoma in Future Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12957. [PMID: 37629139 PMCID: PMC10454466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles secreted from uveal melanoma (UM) cells are involved in the establishment of the premetastatic niche and display transforming potential for the formation of metastases, preferentially in the liver. In this study, we cultivated human primary UM cells and uveal melanoma-associated fibroblasts in vitro to be transduced by infection with a retrovirus containing the suicide gene-fused yeast cytosine deaminase::uracil phospho-ribosyl transferase (yCD::UPRT). A homogenous population of yCD::UPRT-UM cells with the integrated provirus expressed the gene, and we found it to continuously secrete small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) possessing mRNA of the suicide gene. The yCD::UPRT-UM-sEVs were internalized by tumor cells to the intracellular conversion of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to the cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The host range of the yCD::UPRT-UM-sEVs was not limited to UMs only. The yCD::UPRT-UM-sEVs inhibited the growth of the human cutaneous melanoma cell line A375 and uveal melanoma cell line MP38, as well as other primary UMs, to various extents in vitro. The yCD::UPRT-UM-sEVs hold the therapeutic and prophylactic potential to become a therapeutic drug for UM. However, the use of yCD::UPRT-UM-sEVs must first be tested in animal preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jakubechova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Stem Cell Preparation Department, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia; (U.A.)
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alena Furdova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Demkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ursula Altanerova
- Stem Cell Preparation Department, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia; (U.A.)
| | - Andreas Nicodemou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.N.)
| | - Tatiana Zeleznikova
- Stem Cell Preparation Department, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia; (U.A.)
| | - Daniela Klimova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 814 99 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.N.)
| | - Cestmir Altaner
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Stem Cell Preparation Department, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia; (U.A.)
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Tibensky M, Jakubechova J, Altanerova U, Pastorakova A, Rychly B, Baciak L, Mravec B, Altaner C. Gene-Directed Enzyme/Prodrug Therapy of Rat Brain Tumor Mediated by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Suicide Gene Extracellular Vesicles In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030735. [PMID: 35159002 PMCID: PMC8833758 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles— exosomes—secreted by human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and internalize glioblastoma cells. We prepared exosomes possessing a gene message, the product of which is able to convert nontoxic 5-fluorocytosine to cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil. Such therapeutic exosomes administered intranasally, intraperitoneally, or subcutaneously to rats bearing intracerebral glioblastoma cells inhibited their growth. The treatment cured a significant number of animals. Abstract MSC-driven, gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) mediated by extracellular vesicles (EV) represents a new paradigm—cell-free GDEPT tumor therapy. In this study, we tested the efficacy of yeast cytosine deaminase::uracilphosphoribosyl transferase (yCD::UPRT-MSC)-exosomes, in the form of conditioned medium (CM) to inhibit the growth of C6 glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. MSCs isolated from human adipose tissue, umbilical cord, or dental pulp engineered to express the yCD::UPRT gene secreted yCD::UPRT-MSC-exosomes that in the presence of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), inhibited the growth of rat C6 glioblastoma cells and human primary glioblastoma cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. CM from these cells injected repeatedly either intraperitoneally (i.p.) or subcutaneously (s.c.), applied intranasally (i.n.), or infused continuously by an ALZET osmotic pump, inhibited the growth of cerebral C6 glioblastomas in rats. A significant number of rats were cured when CM containing yCD::UPRT-MSC-exosomes conjugated with 5-FC was repeatedly injected i.p. or applied i.n. Cured rats were subsequently resistant to challenges with higher doses of C6 cells. Our data have shown that cell-free GDEPT tumor therapy mediated by the yCD::UPRT-MSC suicide gene EVs for high-grade glioblastomas represents a safer and more practical approach that is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Tibensky
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.T.); (B.M.)
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jakubechova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Department of Stem Cell Preparation, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ursula Altanerova
- Department of Stem Cell Preparation, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Andrea Pastorakova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Boris Rychly
- Alpha Medical, Ltd., 82606 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ladislav Baciak
- Central Laboratories, Slovak University of Technology, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Boris Mravec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.T.); (B.M.)
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Cestmir Altaner
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Department of Stem Cell Preparation, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence:
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal microRNA-3940-5p Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Metastasis by Targeting Integrin α6. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:1916-1927. [PMID: 32671583 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are potential tools for disease control by regulating intercellular communication through carrying proteins and RNAs between cells or remote organs. Exosome activities have aroused wide concerns in cancer biology and malignancy control. AIMS This study was performed to explore the roles of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. METHODS MSC-exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in CRC tissues were analyzed, and aberrantly expressed miRNAs in CRC tissues were obtained from the data available on the GEO database. Altered expression of miR-3940-5p was introduced to identify its role in CRC invasion and metastasis in both cell and animal models. The binding relationship between miR-3940-5p and Integrin alpha6 (ITGA6) was predicted on TargetScan and validated through a luciferase assay. The effects of ITGA6 on CRC were figured out. RESULTS MSC-derived exosomes carried miR-3940-5p into CRC cells. Up-regulation of miR-3940-5p inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion of CRC cells, and suppressed the tumor metastasis and growth in vivo. miR-3940-5p was found to directly bind to ITGA6. Overexpression of ITGA6 promoted CRC cell invasion and EMT and tumor progression through upregulating the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) signaling. A TGF-β1-specific antagonist, Disitertide, blocked the functions of ITGA6 both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION MSC-exosomal miR-3940-5p inhibits invasion and EMT of CRC cells as well as growth and metastasis of tumors through targeting ITGA6 and the following TGF-β1 inactivation. This study may provide novel insights into exosome-based treatment for CRC.
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Wang X, Zhao X, He Z. Mesenchymal stem cell carriers enhance anti-tumor efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:238. [PMID: 33664802 PMCID: PMC7882891 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) specifically infect, replicate and eventually destroy tumor cells, with no concomitant toxicity to adjacent normal cells. Furthermore, OVs can regulate tumor microenvironments and stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have inherent tumor tropisms and immunosuppressive functions. MSCs carrying OVs not only protect viruses from clearing by the immune system, but they also deliver the virus to tumor lesions. Equally, cytokines released by MSCs enhance anti-tumor immune responses, suggesting that MSCs carrying OVs may be considered as a promising strategy in enhancing the anti-tumor efficacies of virotherapy. In the present review, preclinical and clinical studies were evaluated and discussed, as well as the effectiveness of MSCs carrying OVs for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyao Wang
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Zhixu He
- Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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Li FXZ, Lin X, Xu F, Shan SK, Guo B, Lei LM, Zheng MH, Wang Y, Xu QS, Yuan LQ. The Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetes and Its Chronic Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:780974. [PMID: 34987478 PMCID: PMC8721875 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.780974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are applied in regenerative medicine of several tissues and organs nowadays by virtue of their self-renewal capabilities, multiple differentiation capacity, potent immunomodulatory properties, and their ability to be favourably cultured and manipulated. With the continuous development of "cell-free therapy" research, MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have increasingly become a research hotspot in the treatment of various diseases. Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) are membrane vesicles with diameters of 30 to 150 nm that mediate signal transduction between adjacent or distal cells or organs by delivering non-coding RNA, protein, and DNA. The contents and effects of sEVs vary depending on the properties of the originating cell. In recent years, MSC-sEVs have been found to play an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus as a new way of communication between cells. Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease in clinic. Its complications of the heart, brain, kidney, eyes, and peripheral nerves are a serious threat to human health and has been a hot issue for clinicians. MSC-sEVs could be applied to repair or prevent damage from the complications of diabetes mellitus through anti-inflammatory effects, reduction of endoplasmic reticulum-related protein stress, polarization of M2 macrophages, and increasing autophagy. Therefore, we highly recommend that MSC-sEVs-based therapies to treat diabetes mellitus and its chronic complication be further explored. The analysis of the role and molecular mechanisms of MSC-sEVs in diabetes and its related complications will provide new idea and insights for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Min Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Qing Yuan,
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Průcha J, Skopalik J, Justan I, Parák T, Gabrielová E, Hána K, Navrátil L. High inductive magnetic stimuli and their effects on mesenchymal stromal cells, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts. Physiol Res 2020; 68:S433-S443. [PMID: 32118474 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMF) on the activation of different tissue recovery processes have already been fully understood. Preliminary recent data demonstrated that a special case of sinusoidal electromagnetic fields, known as amplitude-modulated currents (AMC) could have a potential to accelerate the cell metabolism or cell migration. An AMC generator was designed to generate sinusoidal induced electric currents with the amplitude modulation and the harmonic carrier frequency of 5,000 Hz was modulated by frequencies of 1 to 100 Hz. The magnetic field peak was 6 mT, electric field intensity 2 V/m and the current density of induced electrical currents was approximately 1 A/m(2). The coil of the generator was adapted to easy handling and safe integration into the shelf of the CO(2) incubator. The shelf with the coil was prepared for the introduction of cells in standard plastic in vitro chambers. The tests focused on cells with migratory capacity after injury or during immunological processes and thus, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), dendritic cells (DC), and fibroblasts were chosen. The tests involved exposures of the cells to LF EMF (180 min/day) every day, for a period of three days, before examining them for cell death, morphology changes, and CD markers. The samples were tested by using MTT assay and the effects on the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species were quantified. The cell migration was finally measured with the help of the transwell migration assay. None of the cell types showed any decrease in the cell viability after the LF EMF application and the cells displayed minimum changes in reactive oxygen species. Functional changes (acceleration of cell migration) after AMC exposure were statistically significant for the MSC samples only. The acceleration of MSCs is associated with the production of MMP by these cells. The EMF has a potential to be a safe, clinically applicable selective activator of MSC homing, MSC paracrine production, and subsequent regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Průcha
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Altanerova U, Jakubechova J, Benejova K, Priscakova P, Repiska V, Babelova A, Smolkova B, Altaner C. Intracellular prodrug gene therapy for cancer mediated by tumor cell suicide gene exosomes. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:128-139. [PMID: 32621791 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported about exosomes possessing messenger RNA (mRNA) of suicide gene secreted from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) engineered to express the suicide gene-fused yeast cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (yCD::UPRT). The yCD::UPRT-MSC exosomes are internalized by tumor cells and intracellularly convert prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Human tumor cells with the potential to metastasize release exosomes involved in the creation of a premetastatic niche at the predicted organs. We found that cancer cells stably transduced with yCD::UPRT gene by retrovirus infection released exosomes acting similarly like yCD::UPRT-MSC exosomes. Different types of tumor cells were transduced with the yCD::UPRT gene. The homogenous cell population of yCD::UPRT-transduced tumor cells expressed the yCD::UPRT suicide gene and secreted continuously exosomes with suicide gene mRNA in their cargo. All tumor cell suicide gene exosomes upon internalization into the recipient tumor cells induced the cell death by intracellular conversion of 5-FC to 5-FU and to 5-FUMP in a dose-dependent manner. Most of tumor cell-derived suicide gene exosomes were tumor tropic, in 5-FC presence they killed tumor cells but did not inhibit the growth of human skin fibroblast as well as DP-MSCs. Tumor cell-derived suicide gene exosomes home to their cells of origin and hold an exciting potential to become innovative specific therapy for tumors and potentially for metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Altanerova
- Department of Stem Cell Preparation, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jakubechova
- Department of Stem Cell Preparation, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Benejova
- Department of Stem Cell Preparation, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Priscakova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Repiska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Babelova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Cestmir Altaner
- Department of Stem Cell Preparation, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Veletic M, Barros MT, Arjmandi H, Balasubramaniam S, Balasingham I. Modeling of Modulated Exosome Release From Differentiated Induced Neural Stem Cells for Targeted Drug Delivery. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2020; 19:357-367. [PMID: 32365033 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2020.2991794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel implantable and externally controllable stem-cell-based platform for the treatment of Glioblastoma brain cancer has been proposed to bring hope to patients who suffer from this devastating cancer type. Induced Neural Stem Cells (iNSCs), known to have potent therapeutic effects through exosomes-based molecular communication, play a pivotal role in this platform. Transplanted iNSCs demonstrate long-term survival and differentiation into neurons and glia which then fully functionally integrate with the existing neural network. Recent studies have shown that specific types of calcium channels in differentiated neurons and astrocytes are inhibited or activated upon cell depolarization leading to the increased intracellular calcium concentration levels which, in turn, interact with mobilization of multivesicular bodies and exosomal release. In order to provide a platform towards treating brain cancer with the optimum therapy dosage, we propose mathematical models to compute the therapeutic exosomal release rate that is modulated by cell stimulation patterns applied from the external wearable device. This study serves as an initial and required step in the evaluation of controlled exosomal secretion and release via induced stimulation with electromagnetic, optical and/or ultrasonic waves.
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Altaner C, Altanerova U, Jakubechova J. Intracellular acting tumor cell-targeted chemotherapy by MSC-suicide gene exosomes. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5573-5575. [PMID: 31608134 PMCID: PMC6771456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cestmir Altaner
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Stem Cell Preparation Department, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ursula Altanerova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Stem Cell Preparation Department, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jakubechova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Stem Cell Preparation Department, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
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