1
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Huang S, Liu D, Han L, Deng J, Wang Z, Jiang J, Zeng L. Decoding the potential role of regulatory T cells in sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350730. [PMID: 38430202 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis, a multiorgan dysfunction with high incidence and mortality, is caused by an imbalanced host-to-infection immune response. Organ-support therapy improves the early survival rate of sepsis patients. In the long term, those who survive the "cytokine storm" and its secondary damage usually show higher susceptibility to secondary infections and sepsis-induced immunosuppression, in which regulatory T cells (Tregs) are evidenced to play an essential role. However, the potential role and mechanism of Tregs in sepsis-induced immunosuppression remains elusive. In this review, we elucidate the role of different functional subpopulations of Tregs during sepsis and then review the mechanism of sepsis-induced immunosuppression from the aspects of regulatory characteristics, epigenetic modification, and immunometabolism of Tregs. Thoroughly understanding how Tregs impact the immune system during sepsis may shed light on preclinical research and help improve the translational value of sepsis immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Huang
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Lao P, Chen J, Tang L, Zhang J, Chen Y, Fang Y, Fan X. Regulatory T cells in lung disease and transplantation. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20231331. [PMID: 37795866 PMCID: PMC10611924 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary disease can refer to the disease of the lung itself or the pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases, which are often connected to the malfunction of the immune system. Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been shown to be important in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing inflammatory damage, including lung diseases. Given the increasing amount of evidence linking Treg cells to various pulmonary conditions, Treg cells might serve as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lung diseases and potentially promote lung transplant tolerance. The most potent and well-defined Treg cells are Foxp3-expressing CD4+ Treg cells, which contribute to the prevention of autoimmune lung diseases and the promotion of lung transplant rejection. The protective mechanisms of Treg cells in lung disease and transplantation involve multiple immune suppression mechanisms. This review summarizes the development, phenotype and function of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells. Then, we focus on the therapeutic potential of Treg cells in preventing lung disease and limiting lung transplant rejection. Furthermore, we discussed the possibility of Treg cell utilization in clinical applications. This will provide an overview of current research advances in Treg cells and their relevant application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Lao
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Longqian Tang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuyin Fang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Xingliang Fan
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
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3
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Requejo Cier CJ, Valentini N, Lamarche C. Unlocking the potential of Tregs: innovations in CAR technology. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1267762. [PMID: 37900916 PMCID: PMC10602912 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1267762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) adoptive immunotherapy is emerging as a viable treatment option for both autoimmune and alloimmune diseases. However, numerous challenges remain, including limitations related to cell number, availability of target-specific cells, stability, purity, homing ability, and safety concerns. To address these challenges, cell engineering strategies have emerged as promising solutions. Indeed, it has become feasible to increase Treg numbers or enhance their stability through Foxp3 overexpression, post-translational modifications, or demethylation of the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR). Specificity can be engineered by the addition of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), with new techniques designed to fine-tune specificity (tandem chimeric antigen receptors, universal chimeric antigen receptors, synNotch chimeric antigen receptors). The introduction of B-cell targeting antibody receptor (BAR) Tregs has paved the way for effective regulation of B cells and plasma cells. In addition, other constructs have emerged to enhance Tregs activation and function, such as optimized chimeric antigen receptors constructs and the use of armour proteins. Chimeric antigen receptor expression can also be better regulated to limit tonic signaling. Furthermore, various opportunities exist for enhancing the homing capabilities of CAR-Tregs to improve therapy outcomes. Many of these genetic modifications have already been explored for conventional CAR-T therapy but need to be further considered for CAR-Tregs therapies. This review highlights innovative CAR-engineering strategies that have the potential to precisely and efficiently manage immune responses in autoimmune diseases and improve transplant outcomes. As these strategies are further explored and optimized, CAR-Treg therapies may emerge as powerful tools for immune intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Requejo Cier
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Valentini
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Lamarche
- Department of Medicine, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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4
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Catak MC, Akcam B, Bilgic Eltan S, Babayeva R, Karakus IS, Akgun G, Baser D, Bulutoglu A, Bayram F, Kasap N, Kiykim A, Hancioglu G, Kokcu Karadag SI, Kendir Demirkol Y, Ozen S, Cekic S, Ozcan D, Edeer Karaca N, Sasihuseyinoglu AS, Cansever M, Ozek Yucel E, Tamay Z, Altintas DU, Aydogmus C, Celmeli F, Cokugras H, Gulez N, Genel F, Metin A, Guner SN, Kutukculer N, Keles S, Reisli I, Kilic SS, Yildiran A, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Lo B, Ozen A, Baris S. Comparing the levels of CTLA-4-dependent biological defects in patients with LRBA deficiency and CTLA-4 insufficiency. Allergy 2022; 77:3108-3123. [PMID: 35491430 DOI: 10.1111/all.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein-4 (CTLA-4) insufficiency are recently described disorders that present with susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, and lymphoproliferation. Clinical and immunological comparisons of the diseases with long-term follow-up have not been previously reported. We sought to compare the clinical and laboratory manifestations of both diseases and investigate the role of flow cytometry in predicting the genetic defect in patients with LRBA deficiency and CTLA-4 insufficiency. METHODS Patients were evaluated clinically with laboratory assessments for lymphocyte subsets, T follicular helper cells (TFH ), LRBA expression, and expression of CD25, FOXP3, and CTLA4 in regulatory T cells (Tregs) at baseline and 16 h post-stimulation. RESULTS LRBA-deficient patients (n = 29) showed significantly early age of symptom onset, higher rates of pneumonia, autoimmunity, chronic diarrhea, and failure to thrive compared to CTLA-4 insufficiency (n = 12). In total, 29 patients received abatacept with favorable responses and the overall survival probability was not different between transplanted versus non-transplanted patients in LRBA deficiency. Meanwhile, higher probability of survival was observed in CTLA-4-insufficient patients (p = 0.04). The T-cell subsets showed more deviation to memory cells in CTLA-4-insufficiency, accompanied by low percentages of Treg and dysregulated cTFH cells response in both diseases. Cumulative numbers of autoimmunities positively correlated with cTFH frequencies. Baseline CTLA-4 expression was significantly diminished in LRBA deficiency and CTLA-4 insufficiency, but significant induction in CTLA-4 was observed after short-term T-cell stimulation in LRBA deficiency and controls, while this elevation was less in CTLA-4 insufficiency, allowing to differentiate this disease from LRBA deficiency with high sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (90%). CONCLUSION This cohort provided detailed clinical and laboratory comparisons for LRBA deficiency and CTLA-4 insufficiency. The flow cytometric approach is useful in predicting the defective gene; thus, targeted sequencing can be conducted to provide rapid diagnosis and treatment for these diseases impacting the CTLA-4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet C Catak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey.,The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bengu Akcam
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey.,The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Bilgic Eltan
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey.,The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Royala Babayeva
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey.,The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Gamze Akgun
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey.,The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Baser
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey.,The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Bulutoglu
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey.,The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Bayram
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey.,The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Kasap
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey.,The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Kiykim
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonca Hancioglu
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sefika I Kokcu Karadag
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Kendir Demirkol
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selime Ozen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sukru Cekic
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ozcan
- Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Edeer Karaca
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Cansever
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Immunology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Ozek Yucel
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tamay
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya U Altintas
- Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Aydogmus
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Celmeli
- Ministry of Health, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Haluk Cokugras
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Gulez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferah Genel
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayse Metin
- Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sukru N Guner
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Necil Kutukculer
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Keles
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ismail Reisli
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sara S Kilic
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Alisan Yildiran
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey.,The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bernice Lo
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey.,The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safa Baris
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey.,The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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5
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Lam AJ, Haque M, Ward-Hartstonge KA, Uday P, Wardell CM, Gillies JK, Speck M, Mojibian M, Klein Geltink RI, Levings MK. PTEN is required for human Treg suppression of costimulation in vitro. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1482-1497. [PMID: 35746855 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is under clinical investigation for the treatment of transplant rejection, autoimmune disease, and graft-versus-host disease. With the advent of genome editing, attention has turned to reinforcing Treg function for therapeutic benefit. A hallmark of Tregs is dampened activation of PI3K-AKT signalling, of which PTEN is a major negative regulator. Loss-of-function studies of PTEN, however, have not conclusively shown a requirement for PTEN in upholding Treg function and stability. Using CRISPR-based genome editing in human Tregs, we show that PTEN ablation does not cause a global defect in Treg function and stability; rather, it selectively blocks their ability to suppress antigen-presenting cells. PTEN-KO Tregs exhibit elevated glycolytic activity, upregulate FOXP3, maintain a Treg phenotype, and have no discernable defects in lineage stability. Functionally, PTEN is dispensable for human Treg-mediated inhibition of T cell activity in vitro and in vivo, but is required for suppression of costimulatory molecule expression by antigen-presenting cells. These data are the first to define a role for a signalling pathway in controlling a subset of human Treg activity. Moreover, they point to the functional necessity of PTEN-regulated PI3K-AKT activity for optimal human Treg function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery J Lam
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Manjurul Haque
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Kirsten A Ward-Hartstonge
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Prakruti Uday
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Christine M Wardell
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Jana K Gillies
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Madeleine Speck
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Majid Mojibian
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Ramon I Klein Geltink
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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6
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Dynamic changes in regulatory T cells during normal pregnancy, recurrent pregnancy loss, and gestational diabetes. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 150:103492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Chen PP, Cepika AM, Agarwal-Hashmi R, Saini G, Uyeda MJ, Louis DM, Cieniewicz B, Narula M, Amaya Hernandez LC, Harre N, Xu L, Thomas BC, Ji X, Shiraz P, Tate KM, Margittai D, Bhatia N, Meyer E, Bertaina A, Davis MM, Bacchetta R, Roncarolo MG. Alloantigen-specific type 1 regulatory T cells suppress through CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways and persist long-term in patients. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabf5264. [PMID: 34705520 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf5264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline P Chen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alma-Martina Cepika
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rajni Agarwal-Hashmi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gopin Saini
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Molly J Uyeda
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David M Louis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brandon Cieniewicz
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mansi Narula
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laura C Amaya Hernandez
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas Harre
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liwen Xu
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Functional Genomics Facility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin Craig Thomas
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuhuai Ji
- Stanford Functional Genomics Facility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Parveen Shiraz
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Keri M Tate
- Stanford Laboratory for Cell and Gene Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dana Margittai
- Stanford Laboratory for Cell and Gene Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Neehar Bhatia
- Stanford Laboratory for Cell and Gene Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Everett Meyer
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rosa Bacchetta
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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8
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Bayati F, Mohammadi M, Valadi M, Jamshidi S, Foma AM, Sharif-Paghaleh E. The Therapeutic Potential of Regulatory T Cells: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Immunol 2021; 11:585819. [PMID: 33519807 PMCID: PMC7844143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an immunosuppressive subgroup of CD4+ T cells which are identified by the expression of forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3). The modulation capacity of these immune cells holds an important role in both transplantation and the development of autoimmune diseases. These cells are the main mediators of self-tolerance and are essential for avoiding excessive immune reactions. Tregs play a key role in the induction of peripheral tolerance that can prevent autoimmunity, by protecting self-reactive lymphocytes from the immune reaction. In contrast to autoimmune responses, tumor cells exploit Tregs in order to prevent immune cell recognition and anti-tumor immune response during the carcinogenesis process. Recently, numerous studies have focused on unraveling the biological functions and principles of Tregs and their primary suppressive mechanisms. Due to the promising and outstanding results, Tregs have been widely investigated as an alternative tool in preventing graft rejection and treating autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, targeting Tregs for the purpose of improving cancer immunotherapy is being intensively evaluated as a desirable and effective method. The purpose of this review is to point out the characteristic function and therapeutic potential of Tregs in regulatory immune mechanisms in transplantation tolerance, autoimmune diseases, cancer therapy, and also to discuss that how the manipulation of these mechanisms may increase the therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bayati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research & Development Department, Aryogen Pharmed, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohammadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Valadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Jamshidi
- Research & Development Department, Aryogen Pharmed, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arron Munggela Foma
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Dawson NAJ, Rosado-Sánchez I, Novakovsky GE, Fung VCW, Huang Q, McIver E, Sun G, Gillies J, Speck M, Orban PC, Mojibian M, Levings MK. Functional effects of chimeric antigen receptor co-receptor signaling domains in human regulatory T cells. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/557/eaaz3866. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are a potent immunosuppressive cellular therapy in multiple disease models and could overcome shortcomings of polyclonal Treg therapy. CAR therapy was initially developed with conventional T cells, which have different signaling requirements than do Tregs. To date, most of the CAR Treg studies used second-generation CARs, encoding a CD28 or 4-1BB co-receptor signaling domain and CD3ζ, but it was not known if this CAR design was optimal for Tregs. Using a human leukocyte antigen–A2–specific CAR platform and human Tregs, we compared 10 CARs with different co-receptor signaling domains and systematically tested their function and CAR-stimulated gene expression profile. Tregs expressing a CAR encoding CD28wt were markedly superior to all other CARs tested in an in vivo model of graft-versus-host disease. In vitro assays revealed stable expression of Helios and an ability to suppress CD80 expression on dendritic cells as key in vitro predictors of in vivo function. This comprehensive study of CAR signaling domain variants in Tregs can be leveraged to optimize CAR design for use in antigen-specific Treg therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. J. Dawson
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Isaac Rosado-Sánchez
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - German E. Novakovsky
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Vivian C. W. Fung
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Qing Huang
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Emma McIver
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Grace Sun
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jana Gillies
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Madeleine Speck
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Paul C. Orban
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Majid Mojibian
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Megan K. Levings
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
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10
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Horwitz DA, Fahmy TM, Piccirillo CA, La Cava A. Rebalancing Immune Homeostasis to Treat Autoimmune Diseases. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:888-908. [PMID: 31601519 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During homeostasis, interactions between tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs), self-reactive T cells, and T regulatory cells (Tregs) contribute to maintaining mammalian immune tolerance. In response to infection, immunogenic DCs promote the generation of proinflammatory effector T cell subsets. When complex homeostatic mechanisms maintaining the balance between regulatory and effector functions become impaired, autoimmune diseases can develop. We discuss some of the newest advances on the mechanisms of physiopathologic homeostasis that can be employed to develop strategies to restore a dysregulated immune equilibrium. Some of these designs are based on selectively activating regulators of immunity and inflammation instead of broadly suppressing these processes. Promising approaches include the use of nanoparticles (NPs) to restore Treg control over self-reactive cells, aiming to achieve long-term disease remission, and potentially to prevent autoimmunity in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Horwitz
- General Nanotherapeutics, LLC, Santa Monica, CA, USA; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Tarek M Fahmy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Program in Infectious Disease and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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