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Juuri E, Tikka P, Domanskyi A, Corfe I, Morita W, Mckinnon PJ, Jandova N, Balic A. Ptch2 is a Potential Regulator of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:877565. [PMID: 35574464 PMCID: PMC9096555 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.877565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ptch receptors 1 and 2 mediate Hedgehog signaling pivotal for organ development and homeostasis. In contrast to embryonic lethal Ptch1−/− phenotype, Ptch2−/− mice display no effect on gross phenotype. In this brief report, we provide evidence of changes in the putative incisor mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) niches that contribute to accelerated incisor growth, as well as intriguing changes in the bones and skin which suggest a role for Ptch2 in the regulation of MSCs and their regenerative potential. We employed histological, immunostaining, and computed tomography (µCT) analyses to analyze morphological differences between Ptch2−/− and wild-type incisors, long bones, and skins. In vitro CFU and differentiation assays were used to demonstrate the MSC content and differentiation potential of Ptch2−/− bone marrow stromal cells. Wound healing assay was performed in vivo and in vitro on 8-week-old mice to assess the effect of Ptch2 on the wound closure. Loss of Ptch2 causes increases in the number of putative MSCs in the continuously growing incisor, associated with increased vascularization observed in the tooth mesenchyme and the neurovascular bundle. Increased length and volume of Ptch2−/− bones is linked with the increased number and augmented in vitro differentiation potential of MSCs in the bone marrow. Dynamic changes in the Ptch2−/− skin thickness relate to changes in the mesenchymal compartment and impact the wound closure potential. The effects of Ptch2 abrogation on the postnatal MSCs suggest a crucial role for Ptch2 in Hedgehog signaling regulation of the organ regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Juuri
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauli Tikka
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrii Domanskyi
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian Corfe
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Circuar Economy Solutions Unit, Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Wataru Morita
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Taito, Japan
| | - Peter J Mckinnon
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Nela Jandova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, CAS, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anamaria Balic
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Chen Q, Zheng L, Zhang Y, Huang X, Wang F, Li S, Yang Z, Liang F, Hu J, Jiang Y, Li Y, Zhou P, Luo W, Zhang H. Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (Satb2) synergizes with Bmp9 and is essential for osteo/odontogenic differentiation of mouse incisor mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13016. [PMID: 33660290 PMCID: PMC8016638 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mouse incisor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have self-renewal ability and osteo/odontogenic differentiation potential. However, the mechanism controlling the continuous self-renewal and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of mouse incisor MSCs remains unclear. Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) positively regulates craniofacial patterning, bone development and regeneration, whereas SATB2 deletion or mutation leads to craniomaxillofacial dysplasia and delayed tooth and root development, similar to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) loss-of-function phenotypes. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the SATB2 role in odontogenic MSCs is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SATB2 can regulate self-renewal and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of odontogenic MSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Satb2 expression was detected in the rapidly renewing mouse incisor mesenchyme by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Ad-Satb2 and Ad-siSatb2 were constructed to evaluate the effect of Satb2 on odontogenic MSCs self-renewal and osteo/odontogenic differentiation properties and the potential role of Satb2 with the osteogenic factor bone morphogenetic protein 9 (Bmp9) in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Satb2 was found to be expressed in mesenchymal cells and pre-odontoblasts/odontoblasts. We further discovered that Satb2 effectively enhances mouse incisor MSCs self-renewal. Satb2 acted synergistically with the potent osteogenic factor Bmp9 in inducing osteo/odontogenic differentiation of mouse incisor MSCs in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Satb2 promotes self-renewal and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of mouse incisor MSCs. Thus, Satb2 can cooperate with Bmp9 as a new efficacious bio-factor for osteogenic regeneration and tooth engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuman Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Pediatric DentistryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Liwen Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Pediatric DentistryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Pediatric DentistryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xia Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingChina
| | - Feilong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Pediatric DentistryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shuang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Pediatric DentistryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhuohui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Pediatric DentistryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Fang Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Pediatric DentistryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jing Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Pediatric DentistryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yucan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Pediatric DentistryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yeming Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Pediatric DentistryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingChina
| | - Wenping Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationChongqingChina
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Pediatric DentistryThe Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Binder M, Chmielarz P, Mckinnon PJ, Biggs LC, Thesleff I, Balic A. Functionally Distinctive Ptch Receptors Establish Multimodal Hedgehog Signaling in the Tooth Epithelial Stem Cell Niche. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1238-1248. [PMID: 31145830 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous growth of the mouse incisor teeth is due to the life-long maintenance of epithelial stem cells (SCs) in their niche called cervical loop (CL). Several signaling factors regulate SC maintenance and/or their differentiation to achieve organ homeostasis. Previous studies indicated that Hedgehog signaling is crucial for both the maintenance of the SCs in the niche, as well as for their differentiation. How Hedgehog signaling regulates these two opposing cellular behaviors within the confinement of the CL remains elusive. In this study, we used in vitro organ and cell cultures to pharmacologically attenuate Hedgehog signaling. We analyzed expression of various genes expressed in the SC niche to determine the effect of altered Hedgehog signaling on the cellular hierarchy within the niche. These genes include markers of SCs (Sox2 and Lgr5) and transit-amplifying cells (P-cadherin, Sonic Hedgehog, and Yap). Our results show that Hedgehog signaling is a critical survival factor for SCs in the niche, and that the architecture and the diversity of the SC niche are regulated by multiple Hedgehog ligands. We demonstrated the presence of an additional Hedgehog ligand, nerve-derived Desert Hedgehog, secreted in the proximity of the CL. In addition, we provide evidence that Hedgehog receptors Ptch1 and Ptch2 elicit independent responses, which enable multimodal Hedgehog signaling to simultaneously regulate SC maintenance and differentiation. Our study indicates that the cellular hierarchy in the continuously growing incisor is a result of complex interplay of two Hedgehog ligands with functionally distinct Ptch receptors. Stem Cells 2019;37:1238-1248.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Binder
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Piotr Chmielarz
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Brain Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Peter J Mckinnon
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leah C Biggs
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irma Thesleff
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anamaria Balic
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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