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Butera G, Vecellio Reane D, Canato M, Pietrangelo L, Boncompagni S, Protasi F, Rizzuto R, Reggiani C, Raffaello A. Parvalbumin affects skeletal muscle trophism through modulation of mitochondrial calcium uptake. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109087. [PMID: 33951435 PMCID: PMC8113653 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin (PV) is a cytosolic Ca2+-binding protein highly expressed in fast skeletal muscle, contributing to an increased relaxation rate. Moreover, PV is an “atrogene” downregulated in most muscle atrophy conditions. Here, we exploit mice lacking PV to explore the link between the two PV functions. Surprisingly, PV ablation partially counteracts muscle loss after denervation. Furthermore, acute PV downregulation is accompanied by hypertrophy and upregulation by atrophy. PV ablation has a minor impact on sarcoplasmic reticulum but is associated with increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, mitochondrial size and number, and contacts with Ca2+ release sites. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) silencing abolishes the hypertrophic effect of PV ablation, suggesting that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is required for hypertrophy. In turn, an increase of mitochondrial Ca2+ is required to enhance expression of the pro-hypertrophy gene PGC-1α4, whose silencing blocks hypertrophy due to PV ablation. These results reveal how PV links cytosolic Ca2+ control to mitochondrial adaptations, leading to muscle mass regulation. PV is downregulated during skeletal muscle atrophy, and its levels affect trophism Skeletal muscle mitochondria undergo remodeling in PV knockout mice Mitochondria increase cytosolic Ca2+ buffer capacity in PV knockout skeletal muscles Increased mitochondrial Ca2+ triggers the PGC-1α4 pathway, inducing muscle growth
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Butera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | | | - Marta Canato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) and DMSI (Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences), University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- CAST and DNICS (Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences), University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- CAST (Center for Advanced Studies and Technology) and DMSI (Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences), University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy; Myology Center, University of Padua, via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy; ZRS, Koper, Slovenia.
| | - Anna Raffaello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy; Myology Center, University of Padua, via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy.
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Galla L, Redolfi N, Pozzan T, Pizzo P, Greotti E. Intracellular Calcium Dysregulation by the Alzheimer's Disease-Linked Protein Presenilin 2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E770. [PMID: 31991578 PMCID: PMC7037278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Even though most AD cases are sporadic, a small percentage is familial due to autosomal dominant mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN1), and presenilin-2 (PSEN2) genes. AD mutations contribute to the generation of toxic amyloid β (Aβ) peptides and the formation of cerebral plaques, leading to the formulation of the amyloid cascade hypothesis for AD pathogenesis. Many drugs have been developed to inhibit this pathway but all these approaches currently failed, raising the need to find additional pathogenic mechanisms. Alterations in cellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling have also been reported as causative of neurodegeneration. Interestingly, Aβ peptides, mutated presenilin-1 (PS1), and presenilin-2 (PS2) variously lead to modifications in Ca2+ homeostasis. In this contribution, we focus on PS2, summarizing how AD-linked PS2 mutants alter multiple Ca2+ pathways and the functional consequences of this Ca2+ dysregulation in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Galla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.R.); (T.P.); (E.G.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.R.); (T.P.); (E.G.)
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.R.); (T.P.); (E.G.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.R.); (T.P.); (E.G.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (N.R.); (T.P.); (E.G.)
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
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