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Dzakovich MP, Debelo H, Albertsen MC, Che P, Jones TJ, Simon MK, Zhao ZY, Glassman K, Ferruzzi MG. Trait stacking simultaneously enhances provitamin A carotenoid and mineral bioaccessibility in biofortified Sorghum bicolor. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37449680 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A, iron, and zinc deficiencies are major nutritional inadequacies in sub-Saharan Africa and disproportionately affect women and children. Biotechnology strategies have been tested to individually improve provitamin A carotenoid or mineral content and/or bioaccessibility in staple crops including sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). However, concurrent carotenoid and mineral enhancement has not been thoroughly assessed and antagonism between these chemical classes has been reported. This work evaluated two genetically engineered constructs containing a suite of heterologous genes to increase carotenoid stability and pathway flux, as well as phytase to catabolize phytate and increase mineral bioaccessibility. Model porridges made from transgenic events were evaluated for carotenoid and mineral content as well as bioaccessibility. Transgenic events produced markedly higher amounts of carotenoids (26.4 μg g-1 DW) compared to null segregants (4.2 μg g-1 DW) and wild-type control (Tx430; 3.7 μg g-1 DW). Phytase activation by pre-steeping flour resulted in significant phytate reduction (9.4 to 4.2 mg g-1 DW), altered the profile of inositol phosphate catabolites, and reduced molar ratios of phytate to iron (16.0 to 4.1), and zinc (19.0 to 4.9) in engineered material, suggesting improved mineral bioaccessibility. Improved phytate : mineral ratios did not significantly affect micellarization and bioaccessible provitamin A carotenoids were over 23 times greater in transgenic events compared to corresponding null segregants and wild-type controls. A 200 g serving of porridge made with these transgenic events provide an estimated 53.7% of a 4-8-year-old child's vitamin A estimated average requirement. These data suggest that combinatorial approaches to enhance micronutrient content and bioaccessibility are feasible and warrant further assessment in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dzakovich
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hawi Debelo
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | | | - Ping Che
- Corteva Agriscience, 8305 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Todd J Jones
- Corteva Agriscience, 8305 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Marissa K Simon
- Corteva Agriscience, 8305 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Zuo-Yu Zhao
- Corteva Agriscience, 8305 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | | | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Section of Developmental Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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Zhao ZY, Che P, Glassman K, Albertsen M. Nutritionally Enhanced Sorghum for the Arid and Semiarid Tropical Areas of Africa. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1931:197-207. [PMID: 30652292 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9039-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To help alleviate malnutrition in Africa, nutritionally enhanced sorghum was developed through genetic transformation to increase pro-vitamin A (β-carotene) accumulation and stability, to improve iron and zinc bioavailability, and to improve protein digestibility. Through many years of efforts, significant achievements have been made for these goals. We generated nutritionally enhanced sorghum lines with enhanced and stabilized pro-vitamin A that provide 20-90% of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for children under age 3, lines with a 90% reduction in phytate that increase iron and zinc bioavailability and provide 40-80% of the EAR for iron and zinc, and lines that show no reduction in protein digestibility after cooking compared with normal levels. Once these nutritionally enhanced sorghum lines have undergone biosafety examination and have been deregulated, they will be ready for incorporation into sorghum varieties that will benefit Africa and other areas that rely upon sorghum as a staple food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Yu Zhao
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Johnston, IA, USA.
| | - Ping Che
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Kimberly Glassman
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Johnston, IA, USA
| | - Marc Albertsen
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Johnston, IA, USA
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