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Li H, Liu Q, Yang J, Gu S, Shi J, Li H, Cheng J. The effect and mechansim of β-arrestins in the regulation of microglia polarization in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Minerva Med 2022; 113:1036-1038. [PMID: 34672167 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haining Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shue Gu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jin Shi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China -
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Ma TL, Zhou Y, Zhang CY, Gao ZA, Duan JX. The role and mechanism of β-arrestin2 in signal transduction. Life Sci 2021; 275:119364. [PMID: 33741415 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
β-arrestin2 is a ubiquitously expressed scaffold protein localized on the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. It was originally found to bind to GPCRs, uncoupling G proteins and receptors' binding and inhibiting the signal transduction of the GPCRs. Further investigations have revealed that β-arrestin2 not only mediates the desensitization of GPCRs but also serves as a multifunctional scaffold to mediate receptor internalization, kinase activation, and regulation of various signaling pathways, such as TLR4/NF-κB, MAPK, Wnt, TGF-β, and AMPK/mTOR pathways. β-arrestin2 regulates cell invasion, migration, autophagy, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating various signaling pathways, which play a vital role in many physiological and pathological processes. This paper reviews the structure and function of β-arrestin2, the regulation of β-arrestin2 based signaling pathways. The role and mechanism of β-arrestin2 signaling have been delineated in sufficient detail. The prospect of regulating the expression and activity of β-arrestin2 in multisystem diseases holds substantial therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Liang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Metal and Ceramic Impants, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zi-Ang Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jia-Xi Duan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Identification of a β-Arrestin 2 Mutation Related to Autism by Whole-Exome Sequencing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8872577. [PMID: 33204724 PMCID: PMC7661115 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8872577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological disease characterized by impaired social communication and interaction skills, rigid behavior, decreased interest, and repetitive activities. The disease has a high degree of genetic heterogeneity, and the genetic cause of ASD in many autistic individuals is currently unclear. In this study, we report a patient with ASD whose clinical features included social interaction disorder, communication disorder, and repetitive behavior. We examined the patient's genetic variation using whole-exome sequencing technology and found new de novo mutations. After analysis and evaluation, ARRB2 was identified as a candidate gene. To study the potential contribution of the ARRB2 gene to the human brain development and function, we first evaluated the expression profile of this gene in different brain regions and developmental stages. Then, we used weighted gene coexpression network analysis to analyze the associations between ARRB2 and ASD risk genes. Additionally, the spatial conformation and stability of the ARRB2 wild type and mutant proteins were examined by simulations. Then, we further established a mouse model of ASD. The results showed abnormal ARRB2 expression in the mouse ASD model. Our study showed that ARRB2 may be a risk gene for ASD, but the contribution of de novo ARRB2 mutations to ASD is unclear. This information will provide references for the etiology of ASD and aid in the mechanism-based drug development and treatment.
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