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Geng J, Xia X, Teng L, Wang L, Chen L, Guo X, Belingon B, Li J, Feng X, Li X, Shang W, Wan Y, Wang H. Emerging landscape of cell-penetrating peptide-mediated nucleic acid delivery and their utility in imaging, gene-editing, and RNA-sequencing. J Control Release 2022; 341:166-183. [PMID: 34822907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The safety issues like immunogenicity and unacceptable cancer risk of viral vectors for DNA/mRNA vaccine delivery necessitate the development of non-viral vectors with no toxicity. Among the non-viral strategies, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been a topic of interest recently because of their ability to cross plasma membranes and facilitate nucleic acids delivery both in vivo and in vitro. In addition to the application in the field of gene vaccine and gene therapy, CPPs based nucleic acids delivery have been proved by its potential application like gene editing, RNA-sequencing, and imaging. Here, we focus on summarizing the recent applications and progress of CPPs-mediated nucleic acids delivery and discuss the current problems and solutions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingping Geng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xuan Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Lin Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Lidan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Affiliated Ren He Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xiangli Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Bonn Belingon
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Jason Li
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xianghui Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Wendou Shang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yingying Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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Klabenkova K, Fokina A, Stetsenko D. Chemistry of Peptide-Oligonucleotide Conjugates: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5420. [PMID: 34500849 PMCID: PMC8434111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs) represent one of the increasingly successful albeit costly approaches to increasing the cellular uptake, tissue delivery, bioavailability, and, thus, overall efficiency of therapeutic nucleic acids, such as, antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs. This review puts the subject of chemical synthesis of POCs into the wider context of therapeutic oligonucleotides and the problem of nucleic acid drug delivery, cell-penetrating peptide structural types, the mechanisms of their intracellular transport, and the ways of application, which include the formation of non-covalent complexes with oligonucleotides (peptide additives) or covalent conjugation. The main strategies for the synthesis of POCs are viewed in detail, which are conceptually divided into (a) the stepwise solid-phase synthesis approach and (b) post-synthetic conjugation either in solution or on the solid phase, especially by means of various click chemistries. The relative advantages and disadvantages of both strategies are discussed and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Klabenkova
- Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.K.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alesya Fokina
- Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.K.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Stetsenko
- Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.K.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Hammond SM, Sergeeva OV, Melnikov PA, Goli L, Stoodley J, Zatsepin TS, Stetsenko DA, Wood MJA. Mesyl Phosphoramidate Oligonucleotides as Potential Splice-Switching Agents: Impact of Backbone Structure on Activity and Intracellular Localization. Nucleic Acid Ther 2021; 31:190-200. [PMID: 33989066 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 2'-deoxy and novel 2'-O-methyl and 2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl) (2'-MOE) oligonucleotides with internucleotide methanesulfonyl (mesyl, μ) or 1-butanesulfonyl (busyl, β) phosphoramidate groups has been synthesized for evaluation as potential splice-switching oligonucleotides. Evaluation of their splice-switching activity in spinal muscular atrophy patient-derived fibroblasts revealed no significant difference in splice-switching efficacy between 2'-MOE mesyl oligonucleotide and the corresponding phosphorothioate (nusinersen). Yet, a survival study with model neonatal mice has shown the antisense 2'-MOE mesyl oligonucleotide to be inferior to nusinersen at the highest dose of 40 mg/kg. A reason for their lower activity in vivo as ascertained by cellular uptake study by fluorescent confocal microscopy in HEK293 cell line could possibly be ascribed to compromised endosomal release and/or nuclear uptake of the 2'-OMe or 2'-MOE μ- and β-oligonucleotides compared to their phosphorothioate analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M Hammond
- Department of Paediatrics and Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Olga V Sergeeva
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A Melnikov
- Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larissa Goli
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Stoodley
- Department of Paediatrics and Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timofei S Zatsepin
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Stetsenko
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Paediatrics and Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Yang G, Zhao Y, Gong A, Miao W, Yan L, Nie P, Wang Z. Improved Cellular Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotide for miRNA-21 Imaging In Vivo Using Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Based Nanoprobes. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:787-795. [PMID: 33480702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most oligonucleotides fail to enter a cell and cannot escape from endosomes after endocytosis because of their negative charge and large molecular weight. More efficient cellular delivery of oligonucleotides should be developed for the widespread implementation of antisense imaging. The purpose of this study was to construct a novel antisense nanoprobe, 99mTc-labeled anti-miRNA oligonucleotides/cell-penetrating peptide PepFect6 (99mTc-AMO/PF6), and to evaluate its efficacy for imaging the miRNA-21 expression in A549 lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. Naked AMO and commercial Lipofectamine 2000-based nanoparticles (AMO/LIP) were used for comparison. The cellular delivery efficiency of AMO/PF6 was first investigated by laser confocal scanning microscopy using Cy5.5-labeled probes and further validated by in vivo fluorescence imaging. Then, the probes were labeled with 99mTc via hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC). The cytotoxicity assay, cellular uptake, and retention kinetics of the probes were evaluated in vitro. The biodistribution of the probes was investigated in A549 lung cancer xenografts, and SPECT imaging was performed in vivo. AMO/PF6 showed lower cytotoxicity than AMO/LIP (P < 0.05) but showed no significant difference with naked AMO. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated more extensive and scattered signal distribution inside the A549 cells by AMO/PF6 than AMO/LIP. The labeling efficiency of 99mTc-AMO/PF6 was 72.6 ± 1.42%, and the specific activity was 11.6 ± 0.13 MBq/ng. The cellular uptake of 99mTc-PF6/AMO peaked at 12 h, with the uptake of 11.24 ± 0.12 mol/cell × 10-16, and the cellular retention of 99mTc-AMO/PF6 was 3.92 ± 0.15 mol/cell × 10-16 at 12 h after interrupted incubation. AMO/PF6 showed higher cellular uptake and retention than naked AMO and AMO/LIP. The biodistribution study showed that the tumor had the highest radioactivity accumulation, with the uptake ratio of tumor/muscle (T/M) increasing from 14.59 ± 0.67 to 21.76 ± 0.98 between 1 and 6 h after injection, followed by the uptake in the kidneys and the liver. The results of in vivo fluorescence and SPECT imaging were consistent with the results of the biodistribution. The tumor was visualized at 6 h after injection of AMO/PF6 with the highest T/M ratio among these probes (P < 0.05). PF6 improves cellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides via noncovalent nanoparticles. 99mTc-AMO/PF6 shows favorable imaging properties and is promising for miRNAs imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Aidi Gong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjie Miao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
| | - Pei Nie
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenguang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao 266061, Shandong, China
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