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González-Villarreal JA, González-Lozano KJ, Aréchiga-Carvajal ET, Morlett-Chávez JA, Luévanos-Escareño MP, Balagurusamy N, Salinas-Santander MA. Molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance in clinically relevant enteropathogenic bacteria (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:753. [PMID: 36561977 PMCID: PMC9748766 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) enteropathogenic bacteria are a growing problem within the clinical environment due to their acquired tolerance to a wide range of antibiotics, thus causing severe illnesses and a tremendous economic impact in the healthcare sector. Due to its difficult treatment, knowledge and understanding of the molecular mechanisms that confer this resistance are needed. The aim of the present review is to describe the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance from a genomic perspective observed in bacteria, including naturally acquired resistance. The present review also discusses common pharmacological and alternative treatments used in cases of infection caused by MDR bacteria, thus covering necessary information for the development of novel antimicrobials and adjuvant molecules inhibiting bacterial proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katia Jamileth González-Lozano
- Microbiology Department, Phytopathology and Mycology Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Genetic Manipulation Unit, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 66459, Mexico
| | - Elva Teresa Aréchiga-Carvajal
- Microbiology Department, Phytopathology and Mycology Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Genetic Manipulation Unit, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 66459, Mexico
| | - Jesús Antonio Morlett-Chávez
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Saltillo Unit, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico
| | | | - Nagamani Balagurusamy
- Bioremediation Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Coahuila 27275, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Andrés Salinas-Santander
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Saltillo Unit, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico,Correspondence to: Dr Mauricio Andrés Salinas-Santander, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Saltillo Unit, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Calle Francisco Murguía Sur 205, Zona Centro, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico
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Edmondson DG, Wormser GP, Norris SJ. In Vitro Susceptibility of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum to Doxycycline. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e00979-20. [PMID: 32718967 PMCID: PMC7508625 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00979-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxycycline is regarded as an effective therapy for early syphilis, and there is increasing interest in using doxycycline for prophylaxis of this infection. However, the MIC of doxycycline for Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum has not been reported previously. In this study, an in vitro culture system was utilized to determine that the MIC of doxycycline is 0.06 to 0.10 μg/ml for four strains of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum (Nichols, SS14, UW231B, and UW249B). The Nichols strain cultured in vitro with doxycycline was also tested for infectivity in rabbits, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was found to be ≤0.1 μg/ml using this method. The low MIC and MBC values are consistent with the previously demonstrated clinical efficacy of doxycycline for the treatment of early syphilis. This study represents the first report of the in vitro susceptibility of T. pallidum to doxycycline, and the resulting information may be useful in the consideration of doxycycline for use in prevention of syphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane G Edmondson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gary P Wormser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Steven J Norris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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