1
|
Chouhan B, Tak N, Bissa G, Adhikari D, Barik SK, Sprent JI, James EK, Jha S, Gehlot HS. Evolution of novel strains of Ensifer nodulating the invasive legume Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit in different climatic regions of India through lateral gene transfer. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6643559. [PMID: 35833268 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 200 root-nodule bacterial strains were isolated from Leucaena leucocephala growing at 42 sampling sites across 12 states and three union territories of India. Genetic diversity was observed among 114 strains from various climatic zones; based on recA these were identified as strains of Ensifer, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium. In MLSA strains clustered into several novel clades and lineages. Ensifer were predominant nodulating genotype isolated from majority of alkaline soils, while Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium strains were isolated from a limited sampling in North-Eastern states with acidic soils. Positive nodulation assays of selected Ensifer representing different genetic combinations of housekeeping and sym genes suggested their broad host range within the closely related mimosoid genera Vachellia, Senegalia, Mimosa and Prosopis. Leucaena selected diverse strains of Ensifer and Mesorhizobium as symbionts depending on available soil pH, climatic and other edaphic conditions in India. Lateral gene transfer seems to play a major role in genetic diversification of Ensifer exhibited in terms of Old World vs. Neotropical genetic make-up and mixed populations at several sites. Although Neotropical Ensifer strains were most symbiotically effective on Leucaena the native Ensifer are promiscuous and particularly well-adapted to a wide range of sampling sites with varied climates and edaphic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Chouhan
- BNF and Microbial Genomics Lab., Department of Botany, Center of Advanced Study, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur- 342001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nisha Tak
- BNF and Microbial Genomics Lab., Department of Botany, Center of Advanced Study, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur- 342001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Garima Bissa
- BNF and Microbial Genomics Lab., Department of Botany, Center of Advanced Study, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur- 342001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dibyendu Adhikari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow- 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saroj K Barik
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow- 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Janet I Sprent
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Euan K James
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Shweta Jha
- Plant Functional Genomics Lab, Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur- 342001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hukam S Gehlot
- BNF and Microbial Genomics Lab., Department of Botany, Center of Advanced Study, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur- 342001, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hakim S, Imran A, Mirza MS. Phylogenetic diversity analysis reveals Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense and Ensifer aridi as major symbionts of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) in Pakistan. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:311-324. [PMID: 33141350 PMCID: PMC7966693 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the diversity of rhizobia associated with nodules of mung bean in Pakistan, because this information is necessary for inoculum development. Based on sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene of thirty-one bacteria, 11 were assigned to genus Bradyrhizobium, 17 to Ensifer, and 3 to Rhizobium. Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S-23S ITS region, atpD, recA, nifH, and nodA of representative strains revealed that B. yuanmingense is the predominant species distributed throughout different mung bean-growing areas. Among the fast-growing rhizobia, Ensifer aridi was predominant in Faisalabad, Layyah, and Rawalpindi, while E. meliloti in Thal desert. Sequence variations and phylogeny of nifH and nodA genes suggested that these genes might have been co-evolved with the housekeeping genes and maintained by vertical gene transfer in rhizobia detected in the present study. Host infectivity assay revealed the successful nodulation of host by rhizobia related to genera Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer and Rhizobium. Among all, Bradyrhizobium and Ensifer spp. inoculation exhibited a significantly higher number of nodules (11-34 nodules plant-1) and nitrogenase activity (nodule ARA 60-110 μmol g-1 h-1). Contrary to the previous studies, our data reveal that B. yuanmingense and E. aridi are predominant species forming effective nodules in mung bean in Pakistan. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the effective symbiosis of E. aridi, E. meliloti, and Rhizobium pusense with mung bean. The diversity of rhizobia in different habitats revealed in the present study will contribute towards designing site-specific inocula for mung bean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sughra Hakim
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Imran
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Sajjad Mirza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The widely distributed legume tree Vachellia (Acacia) nilotica subsp. indica is nodulated by genetically diverse Ensifer strains in India. Symbiosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|