1
|
Sakhi H, Arabi M, Ghaemi A, Movafagh A, Sheikhpour M. Oncolytic viruses in lung cancer treatment: a review article. Immunotherapy 2024; 16:75-97. [PMID: 38112057 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2023-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has a high morbidity rate worldwide due to its resistance to therapy. So new treatment options are needed to improve the outcomes of lung cancer treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oncolytic viruses (OVs) as a new type of cancer treatment. In this study, 158 articles from PubMed and Scopus from 1994 to 2022 were reviewed on the effectiveness of OVs in the treatment of lung cancer. The oncolytic properties of eight categories of OVs and their interactions with treatment options were investigated. OVs can be applied as a promising immunotherapy option, as they are reproduced selectively in different types of cancer cells, cause tumor cell lysis and trigger efficient immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Sakhi
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Arabi
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sheikhpour
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Targeting Palbociclib-Resistant Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells via Oncolytic Virotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050684. [PMID: 31100952 PMCID: PMC6563125 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While clinical responses to palbociclib have been promising, metastatic breast cancer remains incurable due to the development of resistance. We generated estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and ER-negative (ER−) cell line models and determined their permissiveness and cellular responses to an oncolytic adenovirus (OAd) known as Ad5/3-delta24. Analysis of ER+ and ER− palbociclib-resistant cells revealed two clearly distinguishable responses to the OAd. While ER+ palbociclib-resistant cells displayed a hypersensitive phenotype to the effects of the OAd, ER− palbociclib-resistant cells showed a resistant phenotype to the OAd. Hypersensitivity to the OAd in ER+ palbociclib-resistant cells correlated with a decrease in type I interferon (IFN) signaling, an increase in viral entry receptor expression, and an increase in cyclin E expression. OAd resistance in ER− palbociclib-resistant cells correlated with an increase in type I IFN signaling and a marked decrease in viral entry receptor. Using the OAd as monotherapy caused significant cytotoxicity to both ER+ and ER− palbociclib-sensitive cell lines. However, the addition of palbociclib increased the oncolytic activity of the OAd only in ER+ palbociclib-sensitive cells. Our studies provide a mechanistic base for a novel anti-cancer regimen composed of an OAd in combination with palbociclib for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pilla L, Ferrone S, Maccalli C. Methods for improving the immunogenicity and efficacy of cancer vaccines. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:765-784. [PMID: 29874943 PMCID: PMC8670419 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1485649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer vaccines represent one of the oldest immunotherapy strategies. A variety of tumor-associated antigens have been exploited to investigate their immunogenicity as well as multiple strategies for vaccine administration. These efforts have led to the development of several clinical trials in tumors with different histological origins to test the clinical efficacy of cancer vaccines. However, suboptimal clinical results have been reported mainly due to the lack of optimized strategies to induce strong and sustained systemic tumor antigen-specific immune responses. AREAS COVERED We provide an overview of different types of cancer vaccines that have been developed and used in the context of clinical studies. Moreover, we review different preclinical and clinical strategies pursued to enhance the immunogenicity, stability, and targeting at tumor site of cancer vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Additional and appropriate preclinical studies are warranted to optimize the immunogenicity and delivery of cancer vaccines. The appropriate choice of target antigens is challenging; however, the exploitation of neoantigens generated from somatic mutations of tumor cells represents a promising approach to target highly immunogenic tumor-specific antigens. Remarkably, the investigation of the combination of cancer vaccines with immunomodulating agents able to skew the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunostimulating will dramatically improve their clinical efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pilla
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Clinical Research Center, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Garza-Morales R, Gonzalez-Ramos R, Chiba A, Montes de Oca-Luna R, McNally LR, McMasters KM, Gomez-Gutierrez JG. Temozolomide Enhances Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Virotherapy In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E144. [PMID: 29772755 PMCID: PMC5977117 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, and treatment is limited to chemotherapy and radiation. Oncolytic virotherapy may be a promising approach to treat TNBC. However, oncolytic adenovirus (OAd)-based mono-therapeutic clinical trials have resulted in modest outcomes. The OAd potency could be increased by chemotherapy-induced autophagy, an intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome. In this study, the ability of alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ)-induced autophagy to increase OAd replication and oncolysis in TNBC cells was evaluated. Human TNBC MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 cells and mouse 4T1 cells were infected with an OAd expressing the red fluorescent protein mCherry on the virus capsid (OAdmCherry) alone or in combination with TMZ. TNBC cells treated with OAdmCherry/TMZ displayed greater mCherry and adenovirus (Ad) early region 1A (E1A) expression and enhanced cancer-cell killing compared to OAdmCherry or TMZ alone. The combined therapy-mediated cell death was associated with virus replication and accumulation of the autophagy marker light chain 3 (LC3)-II. Overall, this study provides experimental evidence of TMZ's ability to increase oncolytic virotherapy in both human and murine TNBC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Garza-Morales
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, NL, Mexico.
| | - Roxana Gonzalez-Ramos
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Akiko Chiba
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
| | - Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, NL, Mexico.
| | - Lacey R McNally
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
| | - Kelly M McMasters
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Jorge G Gomez-Gutierrez
- The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chaurasiya S, Chen NG, Warner SG. Oncolytic Virotherapy versus Cancer Stem Cells: A Review of Approaches and Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E124. [PMID: 29671772 PMCID: PMC5923379 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that a subset of cells within tumors are resistant to conventional treatment modalities and may be responsible for disease recurrence. These cells are called cancer stem cells (CSC), which share properties with normal stem cells including self-renewal, pluripotency, drug resistance, and the ability to maintain quiescence. While most conventional therapies can efficiently destroy rapidly dividing cancer cells comprising the bulk of a tumor, they often fail to kill the less abundant and quiescent CSCs. Furthermore, killing of only differentiated cells in the tumor may actually allow for enrichment of CSCs and thereby portend a bad prognosis. Therefore, targeting of CSCs is important to achieve long-term success in cancer therapy. Oncolytic viruses represent a completely different class of therapeutics that can kill cancer cells in a variety of ways, which differ from those of conventional therapies. Hence, CSCs that are inherently resistant to conventional therapies may be susceptible to oncolytic virus-mediated killing. Recent studies have shown that oncolytic viruses can efficiently kill CSCs in many types of cancer. Here, we discuss the mechanism through which CSCs can escape conventional therapies and how they may still be susceptible to different classes of oncolytic viruses. Furthermore, we provide a summary of recent studies that have tested oncolytic viruses on CSCs of different origins and discuss possible future directions for this fascinating subset of oncolytic virus research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyambabu Chaurasiya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Nanhai G Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
- Center for Gene Therapy, Department of Hematologic and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
- Gene Editing and Viral Vector Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Susanne G Warner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aznar MA, Tinari N, Rullán AJ, Sánchez-Paulete AR, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Melero I. Intratumoral Delivery of Immunotherapy-Act Locally, Think Globally. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:31-39. [PMID: 27994166 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune mechanisms have evolved to cope with local entry of microbes acting in a confined fashion but eventually inducing systemic immune memory. Indeed, in situ delivery of a number of agents into tumors can mimic in the malignant tissue the phenomena that control intracellular infection leading to the killing of infected cells. Vascular endothelium activation and lymphocyte attraction, together with dendritic cell-mediated cross-priming, are the key elements. Intratumoral therapy with pathogen-associated molecular patterns or recombinant viruses is being tested in the clinic. Cell therapies can be also delivered intratumorally, including infusion of autologous dendritic cells and even tumor-reactive T lymphocytes. Intralesional virotherapy with an HSV vector expressing GM-CSF has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of unresectable melanoma. Immunomodulatory monoclonal Abs have also been successfully applied intratumorally in animal models. Local delivery means less systemic toxicity while focusing the immune response on the malignancy and the affected draining lymph nodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Aznar
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Nicola Tinari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University and Foundation, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Antonio J Rullán
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain; and
| | - Alfonso R Sánchez-Paulete
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - María E Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,University Clinic, University of Navarra and Health Research Institute of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain; .,University Clinic, University of Navarra and Health Research Institute of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye JF, Qi WX, Liu MY, Li Y. The combination of NK and CD8+ T cells with CCL20/IL15-armed oncolytic adenoviruses enhances the growth suppression of TERT-positive tumor cells. Cell Immunol 2017; 318:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
8
|
Hollevoet K, Declerck PJ. State of play and clinical prospects of antibody gene transfer. J Transl Med 2017; 15:131. [PMID: 28592330 PMCID: PMC5463339 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of today's most successful therapeutic classes in inflammatory diseases and oncology. A wider accessibility and implementation, however, is hampered by the high product cost and prolonged need for frequent administration. The surge in more effective mAb combination therapies further adds to the costs and risk of toxicity. To address these issues, antibody gene transfer seeks to administer to patients the mAb-encoding nucleotide sequence, rather than the mAb protein. This allows the body to produce its own medicine in a cost- and labor-effective manner, for a prolonged period of time. Expressed mAbs can be secreted systemically or locally, depending on the production site. The current review outlines the state of play and clinical prospects of antibody gene transfer, thereby highlighting recent innovations, opportunities and remaining hurdles. Different expression platforms and a multitude of administration sites have been pursued. Viral vector-mediated mAb expression thereby made the most significant strides. Therapeutic proof of concept has been demonstrated in mice and non-human primates, and intramuscular vectored mAb therapy is under clinical evaluation. However, viral vectors face limitations, particularly in terms of immunogenicity. In recent years, naked DNA has gained ground as an alternative. Attained serum mAb titers in mice, however, remain far below those obtained with viral vectors, and robust pharmacokinetic data in larger animals is limited. The broad translatability of DNA-based antibody therapy remains uncertain, despite ongoing evaluation in patients. RNA presents another emerging platform for antibody gene transfer. Early reports in mice show that mRNA may be able to rival with viral vectors in terms of generated serum mAb titers, although expression appears more short-lived. Overall, substantial progress has been made in the clinical translation of antibody gene transfer. While challenges persist, clinical prospects are amplified by ongoing innovations and the versatility of antibody gene transfer. Clinical introduction can be expedited by selecting the platform approach currently best suited for the mAb or disease of interest. Innovations in expression platform, administration and antibody technology are expected to further improve overall safety and efficacy, and unlock the vast clinical potential of antibody gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hollevoet
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 2, P.B. 820, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul J. Declerck
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 2, P.B. 820, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zafar S, Parviainen S, Siurala M, Hemminki O, Havunen R, Tähtinen S, Bramante S, Vassilev L, Wang H, Lieber A, Hemmi S, de Gruijl T, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Intravenously usable fully serotype 3 oncolytic adenovirus coding for CD40L as an enabler of dendritic cell therapy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1265717. [PMID: 28344872 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1265717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells in the body, is a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. However, tumors induce immunosuppression in their microenvironment that suppresses and impairs the function of DCs. Therefore, human clinical trials with DC therapy have often been disappointing. To improve the therapeutic efficacy and to overcome the major obstacles of DC therapy, we generated a novel adenovirus, Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L, which is fully serotype 3 and expresses hCD40L for induction of antitumor immune response. The specific aim is to enhance DCs function. Data from a human cancer patient indicated that this capsid allows effective transduction of distant tumors through the intravenous route. Moreover, patient data suggested that virally produced hCD40L can activate DCs in situ. The virus was efficient in vitro and had potent antitumor activity in vivo. In a syngeneic model, tumors treated with Ad5/3-CMV-mCD40L virus plus DCs elicited greater antitumor effect as compared with either treatment alone. Moreover, virally coded CD40L induced activation of DCs, which in turn, lead to the induction of a Th1 immune response and increased tumor-specific T cells. In conclusion, Ad3-hTERT-CMV-hCD40L is promising for translation into human trials. In particular, this virus could enable successful dendritic cell therapy in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Zafar
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Parviainen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Siurala
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siri Tähtinen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simona Bramante
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Vassilev
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andre Lieber
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvio Hemmi
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shayestehpour M, Moghim S, Salimi V, Jalilvand S, Yavarian J, Romani B, Ylösmäki E, Mokhtari-Azad T. Selective replication of miR-145-regulated oncolytic adenovirus in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Selective replication of oncolytic viruses in cancer cells is a challenge in virotherapy. miRNA-145 is downregulated in breast cancer cell lines and cancer tissues. In order to target replication of the oncolytic adenovirus 5 in breast cancer cells, we constructed a miRNA-145-regulated oncolytic adenovirus (AD5-miR-145-5pT) by inserting five copies of the miR-145-5p target sites into the 3′-untranslated region of E1A gene. Materials & methods: The MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and the normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEpC) were infected with AD5-miR145-5pT, and then the viral titers were measured 12, 24, 36 and 48 h postinfection using TCID50 assay. Results: Growth kinetic analysis of AD5-miR-145-5pT in MCF-7 cells and HMEpC showed that replication of the engineered adenovirus was inhibited in HMEpC as normal breast cells, whereas the virus efficiently replicated in MCF-7 cells. Infectious titer of AD5-miR-145-5pT at 48 h postinfection in HMEpC was 3.2 log TCID50 lower than that of the AD5-control. Conclusion: These results suggest that AD5-miR-145-5pT may be a feasible approach for the targeting of breast cancer cells and other cancers where the miRNA-145 is downregulated. miR-145-5p can be applied to miR-targeting of other oncolytic viruses toward breast carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shayestehpour
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1471613151, Iran
| | - Sharareh Moghim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1471613151, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1471613151, Iran
| | - Jila Yavarian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1471613151, Iran
| | - Bizhan Romani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center (CMRC), Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Erkko Ylösmäki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1471613151, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Expression of new antigens on tumor cells by inhibiting nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Immunol Res 2014; 57:44-51. [PMID: 24198064 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The main reason why tumors are not controlled by the immune system of the cancer patient is that tumors do not express potent tumor antigens that can be recognized by the immune system as "foreign." The current focus in developing immune-based modalities is to potentiate an immune response against the existing, albeit weak, antigens expressed in the tumor. An alternative approach is to express new, and hence potent, antigens in tumor cells in situ. To this end, we have developed an approach to generate new antigenic determinants in tumor cells using siRNA technology to inhibit nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a surveillance mechanism which prevents the expression of mRNAs containing a premature termination codon. Targeting siRNA inhibition to tumor cells--an essential requisite because of the constitutive nature and physiological roles of the NMD process--is accomplished by using a novel targeting technology based on using oligonucleotide aptamer ligands. Aptamers or aptamer-targeted siRNA conjugates, unlike antibodies, can be synthesized in a chemical process providing a more straightforward and cost-effective manufacturing and regulatory approval process to generate clinical-grade reagents. In murine tumor models, the aptamer-targeted siRNA-mediated NMD inhibition in tumor cells led to significant inhibition of tumor growth, which was superior to best-in-class "conventional" cancer vaccination protocols. Tumor-targeted NMD inhibition forms the basis of a simple, broadly useful, and clinically feasible approach to enhance the antigenicity of disseminated tumors leading to their immune recognition and rejection. The cell-free chemically synthesized oligonucleotide backbone of aptamer-siRNAs reduces the risk of immunogenicity and enhances the feasibility of generating reagents suitable for clinical use.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hemminki O, Bauerschmitz G, Hemmi S, Lavilla-Alonso S, Diaconu I, Guse K, Koski A, Desmond RA, Lappalainen M, Kanerva A, Cerullo V, Pesonen S, Hemminki A. Oncolytic adenovirus based on serotype 3. Cancer Gene Ther 2010; 18:288-96. [PMID: 21183947 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2010.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses have been safe in clinical trials but the efficacy has been mostly limited. All published trials have been performed with serotype 5 based viruses. The expression level of the Ad5 receptor CAR may be variable in advanced tumors. In contrast, the Ad3 receptor remains unclear, but is known to be abundantly expressed in most tumors. Therefore, we hypothesized that a fully serotype 3 oncolytic adenovirus might be useful for treating cancer. Patients exposed to adenoviruses develop high titers of serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies, which might compromise re-administration. Thus, having different serotype oncolytic viruses available might facilitate repeated dosing in humans. Ad3-hTERT-E1A is a fully serotype 3 oncolytic adenovirus controlled by the promoter of the catalytic domain of human telomerase. It was effective in vitro on cell lines representing seven major cancer types, although low toxicity was seen in non-malignant cells. In vivo, the virus had anti-tumor efficacy in three different animal models. Although in vitro oncolysis mediated by Ad3-hTERT-E1A and wild-type Ad3 occurred more slowly than with Ad5 or Ad5/3 (Ad3 fiber knob in Ad5) based viruses, in vivo the virus was at least as potent as controls. Anti-tumor efficacy was retained in presence of neutralizing anti-Ad5 antibodies whereas Ad5 based controls were blocked. In summary, we report generation of a non-Ad5 based oncolytic adenovirus, which might be useful for testing in cancer patients, especially in the context of high anti-Ad5 neutralizing antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Molecular Cancer Biology Program and Haartman Institute and Transplantation Laboratory and Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sodium iodide symporter (NIS)-mediated radiovirotherapy for pancreatic cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010; 195:341-9. [PMID: 20651188 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.09.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously shown the therapeutic efficacy of an engineered oncolytic measles virus expressing the sodium iodide symporter reporter gene (MV-NIS) in mice with human pancreatic cancer xenografts. The goal of this study was to determine the synergy between MV-NIS-induced oncolysis and NIS-mediated (131)I radiotherapy in this tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subcutaneous human BxPC-3 pancreatic tumors were injected twice with MV-NIS. Viral infection, NIS expression, and intratumoral iodide uptake were quantitated with (123)I micro-SPECT/CT. Mice with MV-NIS-infected tumors were treated with 0, 37, or 74 MBq (131)I and monitored for tumor progression and survival. Additional studies were performed with stable NIS-expressing tumors (BxPC-3-NIS) treated with 0, 3.7, 18.5, 37, or 74 MBq of (131)I. RESULTS Mice treated with intratumoral MV-NIS exhibited significant tumor growth delay (p < 0.01) and prolonged survival (p = 0.02) compared with untreated mice. Synergy between MV-NIS-induced oncolysis and NIS-mediated (131)I ablation was not seen; however, a significant correlation was observed between NIS-mediated intratumoral iodide localization (% ID/g) and peak tumor volume reduction (p = 0.04) with combination MV-NIS and (131)I therapy. Stably transduced NIS-expressing BxPC-3 tumors exhibited rapid regression with > or = 18.5 MBq (131)I. CONCLUSION Delivery of (131)I radiotherapy to NIS-expressing tumors can be optimized using micro-SPECT/CT imaging guidance. Significant hurdles exist for NIS as a therapeutic gene for combined radiovirotherapy in this human pancreatic cancer model. The lack of synergy observed with MV-NIS and (131)I in this model was not due to a lack of radiosensitivity but rather to a nonuniform intratumoral distribution of MV-NIS infection.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fang L, Pu YY, Hu XC, Sun LJ, Luo HM, Pan SK, Gu JZ, Cao XR, Su CQ. Antiangiogenesis gene armed tumor-targeting adenovirus yields multiple antitumor activities in human HCC xenografts in nude mice. Hepatol Res 2010; 40:216-28. [PMID: 19788685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2009.00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Gene therapy represents a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To improve the ratio of killing efficacy on tumor cells to side-effect on normal cells, we constructed an oncolytic adenovirus vector, AdSu-hE, expressing the human endostatin (hE) gene, in which the chimeric promoter of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 enhancer and human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter was used to control the adenoviral E1a gene. METHODS Tumor-selective replication of adenovirus AdSu-hE and its concomitant expression of endostatin were measured by 50% tissue culture infective dose method, fluorescent protein expression, Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in cancer and normal cell lines. The antitumor efficacy was observed in nude mice bearing human HCCs. RESULTS The oncolytic adenovirus AdSu-hE replicated restrictedly in telomerase-positive cancer cells and resulted in oncolysis, but did not replicate in normal cell lines. Along with virus replication, AdSu-hE mediated 5-fold increased expression of endostatin in tumor cells compared with that in normal cells. Moreover, AdSu-hE expressed more endostatin in cancer cells than the non-replicative adenovirus vector Ad-hE. In vivo administration of the oncolytic adenovirus AdSu-hE into HCC-bearing nude mice produced a significant tumor reduction by synergistic effects of virus oncolysis and endostatin antiangiogenesis. CONCLUSION The oncolytic virus with antiangiogenesis gene driven by the chimeric promoter has an improved killing efficacy on tumor cells, and may be useful for cancer gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pandha HS, Heinemann L, Simpson GR, Melcher A, Prestwich R, Errington F, Coffey M, Harrington KJ, Morgan R. Synergistic effects of oncolytic reovirus and cisplatin chemotherapy in murine malignant melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:6158-66. [PMID: 19773377 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test combination treatment schedules of reovirus and cisplatin chemotherapy in human and murine melanoma cell lines and murine models of melanoma and to investigate the possible mechanisms of synergistic antitumor effects. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of reovirus +/- chemotherapy on in vitro cytotoxicity and viral replication were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay and plaque assay. Interactions between agents were assessed by combination index analysis. Mode of cell death was assessed by Annexin V/propidium iodide fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based assays; gene expression profiling of single versus combination treatments was completed using the Agilent microarray system. Single agent and combination therapy effects were tested in vivo in two immunocompetent models of murine melanoma. RESULTS Variable degrees of synergistic cytotoxicity between live reovirus and several chemotherapy agents were observed in B16.F10 mouse melanoma cells, most significantly with cisplatin (combination index of 0.42 +/- 0.03 at ED(50)). Combination of cisplatin and reovirus exposure led to increased late apoptotic/necrotic cell populations. Cisplatin almost completely abrogated the inflammatory cytokine gene up-regulation induced by reovirus. Combination therapy led to significantly delayed tumor growth and improved survival in vivo (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0003, respectively). Cisplatin had no effect on the humoral response to reovirus in mice. However, cisplatin treatment suppressed the cytokine and chemokine response to reovirus in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION The combination of reovirus and several chemotherapeutic agents synergistically enhanced cytotoxicity in human and murine melanoma cell lines in vitro and murine tumors in vivo. The data support the current reovirus/chemotherapy combination phase I clinical studies currently ongoing in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardev S Pandha
- Oncology, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Doronin K, Shashkova EV, May SM, Hofherr SE, Barry MA. Chemical modification with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol reduces transduction of hepatocytes and increases efficacy of intravenously delivered oncolytic adenovirus. Hum Gene Ther 2009; 20:975-88. [PMID: 19469693 PMCID: PMC2829283 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses are anticancer agents that replicate within tumors and spread to uninfected tumor cells, amplifying the anticancer effect of initial transduction. We tested whether coating the viral particle with polyethylene glycol (PEG) could reduce transduction of hepatocytes and hepatotoxicity after systemic (intravenous) administration of oncolytic adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5). Conjugating Ad5 with high molecular weight 20-kDa PEG but not with 5-kDa PEG reduced hepatocyte transduction and hepatotoxicity after intravenous injection. PEGylation with 20-kDa PEG was as efficient at detargeting adenovirus from Kupffer cells and hepatocytes as virus predosing and warfarin. Bioluminescence imaging of virus distribution in two xenograft tumor models in nude mice demonstrated that PEGylation with 20-kDa PEG reduced liver infection 19- to 90-fold. Tumor transduction levels were similar for vectors PEGylated with 20-kDa PEG and unPEGylated vectors. Anticancer efficacy after a single intravenous injection was retained at the level of unmodified vector in large established prostate carcinoma xenografts, resulting in complete elimination of tumors in all animals and long-term tumor-free survival. Anticancer efficacy after a single intravenous injection was increased in large established hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts, resulting in significant prolongation of survival as compared with unmodified vector. The increase in efficacy was comparable to that obtained with predosing and warfarin pretreatment, significantly extending the median of survival. Shielding adenovirus with 20-kDa PEG may be a useful approach to improve the therapeutic window of oncolytic adenovirus after systemic delivery to primary and metastatic tumor sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Doronin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
| | - Elena V. Shashkova
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
| | - Shannon M. May
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
| | - Sean E. Hofherr
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
| | - Michael A. Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
- Translational Immunovirology Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
- Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-protein-coding small RNA molecules that negatively regulate target messenger RNA through degradation or suppression of protein translation. MiRNAs play important roles in the control of many biologic processes, such as development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Increasing evidence shows that aberrant miRNA expression profiles and unique miRNA signaling pathways are present in a variety of cancers. MiRNAs function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors during tumor development and progression. Experimental evidence demonstrates that correction of specific miRNA alterations using miRNA mimics or antagomirs can normalize the gene regulatory network and signaling pathways, and reverse the phenotype in cancerous cells. MiRNA-based gene therapy provides an attractive anti-tumor approach for integrated cancer therapy. In this review, we focus on miRNA-based treatment for cancers, summarize the delivery systems used in experimental and preclinical research, such as liposomes, viral vectors, and nanoparticles, and consider the safety and toxicity of miRNA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Wang
- Department of Pathology, Evanston Northwestern Hospital, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|