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Städele C, Keleş MF, Mongeau JM, Frye MA. Non-canonical Receptive Field Properties and Neuromodulation of Feature-Detecting Neurons in Flies. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2508-2519.e6. [PMID: 32442460 PMCID: PMC7343589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several fundamental aspects of motion vision circuitry are prevalent across flies and mice. Both taxa segregate ON and OFF signals. For any given spatial pattern, motion detectors in both taxa are tuned to speed, selective for one of four cardinal directions, and modulated by catecholamine neurotransmitters. These similarities represent conserved, canonical properties of the functional circuits and computational algorithms for motion vision. Less is known about feature detectors, including how receptive field properties differ from the motion pathway or whether they are under neuromodulatory control to impart functional plasticity for the detection of salient objects from a moving background. Here, we investigated 19 types of putative feature selective lobula columnar (LC) neurons in the optic lobe of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to characterize divergent properties of feature selection. We identified LC12 and LC15 as feature detectors. LC15 encodes moving bars, whereas LC12 is selective for the motion of discrete objects, mostly independent of size. Neither is selective for contrast polarity, speed, or direction, highlighting key differences in the underlying algorithms for feature detection and motion vision. We show that the onset of background motion suppresses object responses by LC12 and LC15. Surprisingly, the application of octopamine, which is released during flight, reverses the suppressive influence of background motion, rendering both LCs able to track moving objects superimposed against background motion. Our results provide a comparative framework for the function and modulation of feature detectors and new insights into the underlying neuronal mechanisms involved in visual feature detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Städele
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA
| | - Mehmet F Keleş
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Mongeau
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA.
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Application of Drosophila Model Toward Understanding the Molecular Basis of Fragile X Syndrome. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30900182 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9080-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model to study Fragile X syndrome (FXS) as it presents us with a toolbox to identify genetic modifiers and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of FXS. Here we describe some of the methods that have been used to study FXS, ranging from reverse genetic screening using the GAL4-UAS system, to mushroom body staining and courtship behavioral assays to examine the learning and memory deficits associated with FXS.
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Redondo BB, Bunz M, Halder P, Sadanandappa MK, Mühlbauer B, Erwin F, Hofbauer A, Rodrigues V, VijayRaghavan K, Ramaswami M, Rieger D, Wegener C, Förster C, Buchner E. Identification and structural characterization of interneurons of the Drosophila brain by monoclonal antibodies of the würzburg hybridoma library. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75420. [PMID: 24069413 PMCID: PMC3775750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several novel synaptic proteins have been identified by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of the Würzburg hybridoma library generated against homogenized Drosophila brains, e.g. cysteine string protein, synapse-associated protein of 47 kDa, and Bruchpilot. However, at present no routine technique exists to identify the antigens of mAbs of our library that label only a small number of cells in the brain. Yet these antibodies can be used to reproducibly label and thereby identify these cells by immunohistochemical staining. Here we describe the staining patterns in the Drosophila brain for ten mAbs of the Würzburg hybridoma library. Besides revealing the neuroanatomical structure and distribution of ten different sets of cells we compare the staining patterns with those of antibodies against known antigens and GFP expression patterns driven by selected Gal4 lines employing regulatory sequences of neuronal genes. We present examples where our antibodies apparently stain the same cells in different Gal4 lines suggesting that the corresponding regulatory sequences can be exploited by the split-Gal4 technique for transgene expression exclusively in these cells. The detection of Gal4 expression in cells labeled by mAbs may also help in the identification of the antigens recognized by the antibodies which then in addition to their value for neuroanatomy will represent important tools for the characterization of the antigens. Implications and future strategies for the identification of the antigens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Bunz
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Partho Halder
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Madhumala K. Sadanandappa
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Barbara Mühlbauer
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Erwin
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alois Hofbauer
- Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Veronica Rodrigues
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - K. VijayRaghavan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Mani Ramaswami
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
- School of Genetics and Microbiology and School of Natural Sciences, Smurfit Institute of Genetics and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dirk Rieger
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wegener
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Förster
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Erich Buchner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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