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Murty S, Haile ST, Beinat C, Aalipour A, Alam IS, Murty T, Shaffer TM, Patel CB, Graves EE, Mackall CL, Gambhir SS. Intravital imaging reveals synergistic effect of CAR T-cells and radiation therapy in a preclinical immunocompetent glioblastoma model. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1757360. [PMID: 32923113 PMCID: PMC7458609 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1757360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in novel immune strategies, particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-bearing T-cells, have shown limited efficacy against glioblastoma (GBM) in clinical trials. We currently have an incomplete understanding of how these emerging therapies integrate with the current standard of care, specifically radiation therapy (RT). Additionally, there is an insufficient number of preclinical studies monitoring these therapies with high spatiotemporal resolution. To address these limitations, we report the first longitudinal fluorescence-based intravital microscopy imaging of CAR T-cells within an orthotopic GBM preclinical model to illustrate the necessity of RT for complete therapeutic response. Additionally, we detail the first usage of murine-derived CAR T-cells targeting the disialoganglioside GD2 in an immunocompetent tumor model. Cell culture assays demonstrated substantial GD2 CAR T-cell-mediated killing of murine GBM cell lines SB28 and GL26 induced to overexpress GD2. Complete antitumor response in advanced syngeneic orthotopic models of GBM was achieved only when a single intravenous dose of GD2 CAR T-cells was following either sub-lethal whole-body irradiation or focal RT. Intravital microscopy imaging successfully visualized CAR T-cell homing and T-cell mediated apoptosis of tumor cells in real-time within the tumor stroma. Findings indicate that RT allows for rapid CAR T-cell extravasation from the vasculature and expansion within the tumor microenvironment, leading to a more robust and lasting immunologic response. These exciting results highlight potential opportunities to improve intravenous adoptive T-cell administration in the treatment of GBM through concurrent RT. Additionally, they emphasize the need for advancements in immunotherapeutic homing to and extravasation through the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Murty
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samuel T Haile
- Department of Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Corinne Beinat
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amin Aalipour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Israt S Alam
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tara Murty
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chirag B Patel
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Zeng Z, Huang B, Huang S, Zhang R, Yan S, Yu X, Shu Y, Zhao C, Lei J, Zhang W, Yang C, Wu K, Wu Y, An L, Ji X, Gong C, Yuan C, Zhang L, Liu W, Feng Y, Zhang B, Dai Z, Shen Y, Wang X, Luo W, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Zhou L, Reid RR, He TC, Wu X. The development of a sensitive fluorescent protein-based transcript reporter for high throughput screening of negative modulators of lncRNAs. Genes Dis 2018; 5:62-74. [PMID: 30159383 PMCID: PMC6110536 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While the human genome is pervasively transcribed, <2% of the human genome is transcribed into protein-coding mRNAs, leaving most of the transcripts as noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs and long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are critical components of epigenetic regulation. lncRNAs are emerging as critical regulators of gene expression and genomic stability. However, it remains largely unknown about how lncRNAs are regulated. Here, we develop a highly sensitive and dynamic reporter that allows us to identify and/or monitor negative modulators of lncRNA transcript levels in a high throughput fashion. Specifically, we engineer a fluorescent fusion protein by fusing three copies of the PEST destruction domain of mouse ornithine decarboxylase (MODC) to the C-terminal end of the codon-optimized bilirubin-inducible fluorescent protein, designated as dBiFP, and show that the dBiFP protein is highly destabilized, compared with the commonly-used eGFP protein. We further demonstrate that the dBiFP signal is effectively down-regulated when the dBiFP and mouse lncRNA H19 chimeric transcript is silenced by mouse H19-specific siRNAs. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that the dBiFP fusion protein may serve as a sensitive and dynamic transcript reporter to monitor the inhibition of lncRNAs by microRNAs, synthetic regulatory RNA molecules, RNA binding proteins, and/or small molecule inhibitors so that novel and efficacious inhibitors targeting the epigenetic circuit can be discovered to treat human diseases such as cancer and other chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyue Zeng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shifeng Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, and Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, and Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, and Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiayan Lei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, and Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Diagnostics, the Affiliated Yantai Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liping An
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Surgery of Gansu Province and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ji
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Cheng Gong
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Three Gorges University School of Medicine, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Linghuan Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,The Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, and Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yixiao Feng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, and Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Surgery of Gansu Province and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhengyu Dai
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wenping Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, and Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, and Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, and Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xingye Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Nephrology, and Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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