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Hong W, Wang B, Zhu Y, Wu J, Qiu L, Ling S, Zhou Z, Dai Y, Zhong Z, Zheng Y. Female germline stem cells: aging and anti-aging. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:79. [PMID: 35787298 PMCID: PMC9251950 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The delay of ovarian aging and the fertility preservation of cancer patients are the eternal themes in the field of reproductive medicine. Acting as the pacemaker of female physiological aging, ovary is also considered as the principle player of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and etc. However, its aging mechanism and preventive measures are still unclear. Some researchers attempt to activate endogenous ovarian female germline stem cells (FGSCs) to restore ovarian function, as the most promising approach. FGSCs are stem cells in the adult ovaries that can be infinitely self-renewing and have the potential of committed differention. This review aims to elucidate FGSCs aging mechanism from multiple perspectives such as niches, immune disorder, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, the rebuilding nichs of FGSCs, regulation of immune dysfunction, anti-inflammation and oxidative stress remission are expected to restore or replenish FGSCs, ultimately to delay ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Hong
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- ARTcenter, Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasha Zhu
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun'e Wu
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Qiu
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Ling
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Zhou
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Dai
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisheng Zhong
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuehui Zheng
- Reproductive Health Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Roberts JF, Jeff Huang CC. Bovine models for human ovarian diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:101-154. [PMID: 35595347 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During early embryonic development, late fetal growth, puberty, adult reproductive years, and advanced aging, bovine and human ovaries closely share molecular pathways and hormonal signaling mechanisms. Other similarities between these species include the size of ovaries, length of gestation, ovarian follicular and luteal dynamics, and pathophysiology of ovarian diseases. As an economically important agriculture species, cattle are a foundational species in fertility research with decades of groundwork using physiologic, genetic, and therapeutic experimental techniques. Many technologies used in modern reproductive medicine, such as ovulation induction using hormonal therapy, were first used in cows before human trials. Human ovarian diseases with naturally occurring bovine correlates include premature ovary insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and sex-cord stromal tumors (SCSTs). This article presents an overview of bovine ovary research related to causes of infertility, ovarian diseases, diagnostics, and therapeutics, emphasizing where the bovine model can offer advantages over other lab animals for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Roberts
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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3
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The process of ovarian aging: it is not just about oocytes and granulosa cells. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:783-792. [PMID: 35352316 PMCID: PMC9051003 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian age is classically considered the main cause of female reproductive infertility. In women, the process proceeds as an ongoing decline in the primordial follicle stockpile and it is associated with reduced fertility in the mid-thirties, irregular menstruation from the mid-forties, cessation of fertility, and, eventually, menopause in the early fifties. Reproductive aging is historically associated with changes in oocyte quantity and quality. However, besides the oocyte, other cellular as well as environmental factors have been the focus of more recent investigations suggesting that ovarian decay is a complex and multifaceted process. Among these factors, we will consider mitochondria and oxidative stress as related to nutrition, changes in extracellular matrix molecules, and the associated ovarian stromal compartment where immune cells of both the native and adaptive systems seem to play an important role. Understanding such processes is crucial to design treatment strategies to slow down ovarian aging and consequently prolong reproductive lifespan and, more to this, alleviaingt side effects of menopause on the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and nervous systems.
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4
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Mashayekhi M, Mirzadeh E, Chekini Z, Ahmadi F, Eftekhari-Yazdi P, Vesali S, Madani T, Aghdami N. Evaluation of safety, feasibility and efficacy of intra-ovarian transplantation of autologous adipose derived mesenchymal stromal cells in idiopathic premature ovarian failure patients: non-randomized clinical trial, phase I, first in human. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:5. [PMID: 33407794 PMCID: PMC7786909 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premature ovarian failure (POF) is characterized by the loss of ovarian activity before the age of 40 years. Stem cell therapy has the capability to create a regenerative microenvironment and is a proposed treatment for POF-related infertility due to the presence of renewal folliculogenesis and germ cells in the adult ovaries. In this study, we assessed the safety, feasibility, efficacy and dose adjustment of autologous adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) and their ability to improve ovarian function in POF patients. Methods This study was a non-randomized clinical trial, phase I. Nine women with a definitive diagnosis of POF were divided into three groups (n = 3 per group) that received either 5 × 106, 10 × 106, or 15 × 106 autologous ADSCs suspension transplanted in the one ovary. Participants were followed-up at 24 h after the transplantation, and at 1 and 2 weeks, and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after the transplantation. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety of ADSCs transplantation. Secondary objectives included the effects of ADSCs transplantation on the resumption of menstruation, hormones level (Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Müllerian hormone), ovarian function (Antral follicle count and ovary volume by ultrasonography evaluation) as well as dose escalation. Results Participants had not shown any early-onset possible side effects and secondary complications during follow-up. The menstruation resumption was observed in four patients which established for several months. In the 15 × 106 group, two POF patients had a return of menstruation second months after the intervention. Two other POF patients in 5 × 106 and 10 × 106 cell groups reported menstruation resumption at 1 month after the intervention. We observed decreased serum FSH levels of less than 25 IU/l in four patients. In two patients in 5 × 106 and 10 × 106 cell groups, serum FSH showed an inconsistent decline during a 1 year follow up after ADSCs transplantation. The ovarian volume, AMH, and AFC were variable during the follow-up and no significant differences between cell groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions We showed the intra-ovarian embedding of ADSCs is safe and feasible and is associated with an inconsistent decline in serum FSH. This should be further investigated with a large RCT. Trial registration NCT02603744, Registered 13 November 2015 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.Clinicaltrials.gov
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mashayekhi
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P. O Box: 16635-148, Royan Allay, Eastern Hafez St, Banihashem Sq., Resalat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Mirzadeh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, P. O Box: 16635-148, Shaghayegh Alley, Banihashem Sq., Resalat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Chekini
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P. O Box: 16635-148, Royan Allay, Eastern Hafez St, Banihashem Sq., Resalat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Ahmadi
- Department of Reproductive Imaging, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Eftekhari-Yazdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Vesali
- Department of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - T Madani
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, P. O Box: 16635-148, Royan Allay, Eastern Hafez St, Banihashem Sq., Resalat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - N Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, P. O Box: 16635-148, Shaghayegh Alley, Banihashem Sq., Resalat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Ai A, Tang Z, Liu Y, Yu S, Li B, Huang H, Wang X, Cao Y, Zhang W. Characterization and identification of human immortalized granulosa cells derived from ovarian follicular fluid. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2167-2177. [PMID: 31452708 PMCID: PMC6704934 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular fluid serves a crucial role in follicular development and oocyte maturation. Increasing evidence indicates that follicular fluid is rich in proteins and functional cells. In addition to oocyte cells, follicular fluid contains granulosa, thecal and ovarian surface epithelial cells. Granulosa cells (GCs) represent the predominant somatic cell type of the ovarian follicle and are involved in steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis. However, the long-term culture of GCs in vitro remains challenging. The present study aimed to extend the culture of GCs in vitro. Human GCs were collected from the follicular fluid of patients included in an in vitro fertilization program and cultured in the presence of conditioned medium obtained from mouse embryonic fibroblasts. GCs were cultured for over a year and 130 passages, and the population doubling time was ~22 h. Cells presented epithelial-like morphology and a cobblestone-like appearance when they reached confluence. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that cells expressed CD29, CD166 and CD49f but not CD31, CD34, CD45, CD90, CD105 or CD13. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that cells expressed follicle stimulating hormone receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor and cytochrome P450 aromatase, which was confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In the presence of androstenedione, cells secreted estradiol. In addition, estradiol level was further stimulated by dibutyryl cAMP treatment. In addition, intracellular cAMP and progesterone expression levels were upregulated by follicle stimulating hormone and/or human chorionic gonadotropin. Furthermore, cells survived in severe combined immunodeficiency mice following intra-ovarian injection. Histological analysis revealed that certain cells formed follicle-like structures. The results from the present study suggested that immortalized GCs may be a useful tool for further research on GC and improve the clinical application of drugs such as follicle-stimulating hormone or human chorionic gonadotropin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhengya Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Sha Yu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - He Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiangsheng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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6
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Ma B, Lee TL, Hu B, Li J, Li X, Zhao X, Hou C, Zhang C, He L, Huang X, Chen X, Li J, Wu J. Molecular characteristics of early-stage female germ cells revealed by RNA sequencing of low-input cells and analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation. DNA Res 2019; 26:105-117. [PMID: 30590473 PMCID: PMC6476728 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsy042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput stage-specific transcriptomics provides an unbiased approach for understanding the process of cell development. Here, we report transcriptome analysis of primordial germ cell, female germline stem cell (FGSC), germinal vesicle and mature oocyte by performing RNA sequencing of freshly isolated cells in mice. As expected, these stages and gene-expression profiles are consistent with developmental timing. Analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation during female germline development was used for confirmation. By pathway analysis and blocking experiments, we demonstrate PI3K-AKT pathway is critical for FGSC maintenance. We also identify functional modules with hub genes and lncRNAs, which represent candidates for regulating FGSC self-renewal and differentiation. Remarkably, we note alternative splicing patterns change dramatically during female germline development, with the highest occurring in FGSCs. These findings are invaluable resource for dissecting the molecular pathways and processes into oogenesis and will be wider applications for other types of stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Ma
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tin-Lap Lee
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bian Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changliang Hou
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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7
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[Neo-oogenesis in the adult ovary: What do we know?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 47:478-483. [PMID: 30818039 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
For more than a decade, the existence of ovarian stem cells that can contribute to neo-oogenesis in the adult ovary is reported by some teams, challenging the dogma according to which mammalian females are born with a fixed and non-renewed germinal cell pool. The presence of germinal stem cells with mitotic activity suggests the possibility of potential postnatal oogenesis. These cells have both germ-line and stem cell markers in culture. They have been isolated using different strategies and their ability to differentiate into oocytes has been demonstrated since after reintroduction in an ovarian somatic environment, these cells generate follicles capable of producing healthy offspring in rodents. However, many scientists remain skeptical and question the reliability of the methods used. Despite that there is no consensus on the origin of these ovarian stem cells, private companies are now proposing to use their stem cell potential to treat human infertility.
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8
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Xu H, Zhu X, Li W, Tang Z, Zhao Y, Wu X. Isolation and in vitro culture of ovarian stem cells in Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7667-7677. [PMID: 29923352 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gonadal cell lines provide valuable tools for studying gametogenesis, sex differentiation, and manipulating germ cells in reproductive biology. Female germline stem cells have been characterized and isolated from ovaries of mammalian species, including mice and human, but there has been very few studies on female germline stem cells in reptiles. Here, we described an ovarian stem cell-like line isolated and cultured from the Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis), designated as PSO1. The cells showed high alkaline phosphatase activity with a normal diploid karyotype. As shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the cells were positive for the expression of germ cell-specific genes, vasa and dazl, as well as a stem cell marker, nanog, but negative for the expression of the folliculogenesis-specific gene, figla. Likewise, through fluorescent immunostaining analyses, both the Dazl and Vasa proteins were detected abundantly in the cytoplasm of perinuclear region, whereas Nanog and PCNA were dominantly observed in the nuclei in PSO1 cells. Moreover, PSO1 cells transfected with pCS2:h2b-egfp could properly express the fusion protein in the nuclei. Taken together, the findings suggested that the germline stem cells exist in the ovary of juvenile Chinese soft-shell turtle and these cells can be isolated for a long-term in vitro culture under experimental conditions. This study has provided a valuable basis for further investigations on the molecular mechanisms whereby the germline stem cells develop and differentiate into gametes in turtles. Also, it has paved the way for studies on oogenesis in turtles, even in the other reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhoukai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Yazdekhasti H, Hosseini MA, Rajabi Z, Parvari S, Salehnia M, Koruji M, Izadyar F, Aliakbari F, Abbasi M. Improved Isolation, Proliferation, and Differentiation Capacity of Mouse Ovarian Putative Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2017; 19:132-144. [PMID: 28375748 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of ovarian stem cells in postnatal mammalian ovaries, also referred to as putative stem cells (PSCs), and their roles in mammalian fertility has challenged the long-existing theory that women are endowed with a certain number of germ cells. The rare amount of PSCs is the major limitation for utilizing them through different applications. Therefore, this study was conducted in six phases to find a way to increase the number of Fragilis- and mouse vasa homolog (MVH)-positive sorted cells from 14-day-old NMRI strain mice. Results showed that there is a population of Fragilis- and MVH-positive cells with pluripotent stem cell characteristics, which can be isolated and expanded for months in vitro. PSCs increase their proliferation capacity under the influence of some mitogenic agents, and our results showed that different doses of stem cell factor (SCF) induce PSC proliferation with the maximum increase observed at 50 ng/mL. SCF was also able to increase the number of Fragilis- and MVH-positive cells after sorting by magnetic-activated cell sorting and enhance colony formation efficiency in sorted cells. Differentiation capacity assay indicated that there is a basic level of spontaneous differentiation toward oocyte-like cells during 3 days of culture. However, relative gene expression was significantly higher in the follicle-stimulating hormone-treated groups, especially in the Fragilis- sorted PSCs. We suggest that higher number of PSCs provides us either a greater source of energy that can be injected into energy-impaired oocytes in women with a history of repeat IVF failure or a good source for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Yazdekhasti
- 1 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Agha Hosseini
- 2 Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rajabi
- 1 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Parvari
- 3 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Salehnia
- 4 Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Koruji
- 5 Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fereshte Aliakbari
- 1 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasi
- 1 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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10
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Spatial distribution of cannabinoid receptor 1 and fatty acid amide hydrolase in the cat ovary and oviduct. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:417-422. [PMID: 28478955 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in female reproduction has been extensively described in humans with the cognate receptors and ligands being found in the ovaries and genital tract. In human, an imbalance of the endocannabinoid system is linked with both ectopic pregnancy and infertility. In bovine species anandamide levels regulate aspects of sperm-oviduct interaction. Here we report the immunohistochemical distribution of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in cat ovary and oviduct, using paraffin-embedded tissue samples and commercially available antibodies. We found a differential expression of both CB1R and FAAH during different stages of ovarian function and in the oviduct. CB1R was detected only in tertiary follicle granulosa cells while more immature follicles were negative. FAAH was instead found in ovarian pre-antral follicles, the oocyte cytoplasm, and in granulosa cells of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles. Secondary and tertiary follicles were also FAAH immunoreactive. Luteal cells were immunopositive for both CB1R and FAAH. Because CBR1 in oviduct was found only in ciliated cells, it might represent a specific marker at least in cats. In contrast, FAAH immunoreactivity was observed in both ciliated and non-ciliated cells. The present study may thus serve as the starting point for further investigations on the role of the endocannabinoid system in cat reproduction. Additional work will be needed to assess whether the morphological distribution of CB1R and FAAH changes in different conditions such as pre-pubertal age, follicular phase of the sexual cycle and pregnancy.
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11
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Bhartiya D, Shaikh A, Anand S, Patel H, Kapoor S, Sriraman K, Parte S, Unni S. Endogenous, very small embryonic-like stem cells: critical review, therapeutic potential and a look ahead. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 23:41-76. [PMID: 27614362 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were reported in 2006. In 2012, a Nobel Prize was awarded for iPS technology whereas even today the very existence of VSELs is not well accepted. The underlying reason is that VSELs exist in low numbers, remain dormant under homeostatic conditions, are very small in size and do not pellet down at 250-280g. The VSELs maintain life-long tissue homeostasis, serve as a backup pool for adult stem cells and are mobilized under stress conditions. An imbalance in VSELs function (uncontrolled proliferation) may result in cancer. SEARCH METHODS The electronic database 'Medline/Pubmed' was systematically searched with the subject heading term 'very small embryonic-like stem cells'. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The most primitive stem cells that undergo asymmetric cell divisions to self-renew and give rise to progenitors still remain elusive in the hematopoietic system and testes, while the presence of stem cells in ovary is still being debated. We propose to review the available literature on VSELs, the methods of their isolation and characterization, their ontogeny, how they compare with embryonic stem (ES) cells, primordial germ cells (PGCs) and iPS cells, and their role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. The review includes a look ahead on how VSELs will result in paradigm shifts in basic reproductive biology. OUTCOMES Adult tissue-specific stem cells including hematopoietic, spermatogonial, ovarian and mesenchymal stem cells have good proliferation potential and are indeed committed progenitors (with cytoplasmic OCT-4), which arise by asymmetric cell divisions of pluripotent VSELs (with nuclear OCT-4). VSELs are the most primitive stem cells and postulated to be an overlapping population with the PGCs. Rather than migrating only to the gonads, PGCs migrate and survive in various adult body organs throughout life as VSELs. VSELs express both pluripotent and PGC-specific markers and are epigenetically and developmentally more mature compared with ES cells obtained from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst-stage embryo. As a result, VSELs readily differentiate into three embryonic germ layers and spontaneously give rise to both sperm and oocytes in vitro. Like PGCs, VSELs do not divide readily in culture, nor produce teratoma or integrate in the developing embryo. But this property of being relatively quiescent allows endogenous VSELs to survive various kinds of toxic insults. VSELs that survive oncotherapy can be targeted to induce endogenous regeneration of non-functional gonads. Transplanting healthy niche (mesenchymal) cells have resulted in improved gonadal function and live births. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Being quiescent, VSELs possibly do not accumulate genomic (nuclear or mitochondrial) mutations and thus may be ideal endogenous, pluripotent stem cell candidates for regenerative and reproductive medicine. The presence of VSELs in adult gonads and the fact that they survive oncotherapy may obviate the need to bank gonadal tissue for fertility preservation prior to oncotherapy. VSELs and their ability to undergo spermatogenesis/neo-oogenesis in the presence of a healthy niche will help identify newer strategies toward fertility restoration in cancer survivors, delaying menopause and also enabling aged mothers to have better quality eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Ambreen Shaikh
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sandhya Anand
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Hiren Patel
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Sona Kapoor
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Kalpana Sriraman
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.,The Foundation for Medical Research, 84-A, RG Thadani Marg, Worli, Mumbai 400018, India
| | - Seema Parte
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.,Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Centre, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 2301 S 3rd St, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sreepoorna Unni
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.,Inter Disciplinary Studies Department, University College, Zayed University, Academic City, PO Box 19282, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Abstract
In spite of generally accepted dogma that the total number of follicles and oocytes is established in human ovaries during the fetal period of life rather than forming de novo in adult ovaries, some new evidence in the field challenges this understanding. Several studies have shown that different populations of stem cells, such as germinal stem cells and small round stem cells with diameters of 2 to 4 μm, that resembled very small embryonic-like stem cells and expressed several genes related to primordial germ cells, pluripotency, and germinal lineage are present in adult human ovaries and originate in ovarian surface epithelium. These small stem cells were pushed into the germinal direction of development and formed primitive oocyte-like cells in vitro. Moreover, oocyte-like cells were also formed in vitro from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. This indicates that postnatal oogenesis is not excluded. It is further supported by the occurrence of mesenchymal stem cells that can restore the function of sterilized ovaries and lead to the formation of new follicles and oocytes in animal models. Both oogenesis in vitro and transplantation of stem cell-derived "oocytes" into the ovarian niche to direct their natural maturation represent a big challenge for reproductive biomedicine in the treatment of female infertility in the future and needs to be explored and interpreted with caution, but it is still very important for clinical practice in the field of reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Virant-Klun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Gheorghisan-Galateanu AA, Hinescu ME, Enciu AM. Ovarian adult stem cells: hope or pitfall? J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:71. [PMID: 25018783 PMCID: PMC4094411 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, ovarian biology has been based on the dogma that oocytes reserve in female mammals included a finite number, established before or at birth and it is determined by the number and quality of primordial follicles developed during the neonatal period. The restricted supply of oocytes in adult female mammals has been disputed in recent years by supporters of postnatal neo-oogenesis. Recent experimental data showed that ovarian surface epithelium and cortical tissue from both mouse and human were proved to contain very low proportion of cells able to propagate themselves, but also to generate immature oocytes in vitro or in vivo, when transplanted into immunodeficient mice ovaries. By mentioning several landmarks of ovarian stem cell reserve and addressing the exciting perspective of translation into clinical practice as treatment for infertility pathologies, the purpose of this article is to review the knowledge about adult mammalian ovarian stem cells, a topic that, since the first approach quickly attracted the attention of both the scientific media and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuta Augustina Gheorghisan-Galateanu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania ; C.I.Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail Eugen Hinescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania ; V.Babes National Institute of Pathology, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Enciu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania ; V.Babes National Institute of Pathology, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Abd-Allah SH, Shalaby SM, Pasha HF, El-Shal AS, Raafat N, Shabrawy SM, Awad HA, Amer MG, Gharib MA, El Gendy EA, Raslan AA, El-Kelawy HM. Mechanistic action of mesenchymal stem cell injection in the treatment of chemically induced ovarian failure in rabbits. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:64-75. [PMID: 23260087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No curative treatment is known for primary ovarian failure; however, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), through self-renewal and regeneration, push the trial to evaluate their role in the treatment of ovarian failure. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of MSCs on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced ovarian failure in rabbits and to clarify the mechanism(s) by which MSCs exert their action. METHODS Thirty-five adult female rabbits were injected with CTX to induce ovarian failure. Five rabbits were euthanized after the last injection of CTX for histological examination. The others (30 rabbits) were further subdivided into two groups: group 1 (ovarian failure group, 15 rabbits) received no treatment; group 2 (ovarian failure and MSC recipient group, 15 rabbits) received MSCs isolated from extracted bone marrow of male rabbits. RESULTS A decrease of follicle-stimulating hormone and an increase of estrogen and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the MSC recipient group versus the ovarian failure group were found. Weak caspase-3 expression and +ve proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining after MSC injection were detected. Cytological and histological examinations showed increased follicle numbers with apparent normal structure of ovarian follicles in the MSC recipient group. Moreover, Y chromosome-containing cells from male donors were present within the ovarian tissues in group 2. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that intravenous injection of MSCs into rabbits with chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage improved ovarian function. MSCs accomplish this function by direct differentiation into specific cellular phenotypes and by secretion of VEGF, which influence the regeneration of the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somia H Abd-Allah
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Chen Q, Gao G, Luo S. Hedgehog signaling pathway and ovarian cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 25:346-53. [PMID: 23825912 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2013.06.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is the most common form of ovarian malignancies and the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States. To date, in spite of treatment to it with the extensive surgical debulking and chemotherapy, the prognosis of EOC remains dismal. Recently, it has become increasingly clear that in many instances, the signaling and molecular players that control development are the same, and when inappropriately regulated, drive tumorigenesis and cancer development. Here, we discuss the possible involvement of Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in the cellular regulation and development of cancer in the ovaries. Using the in vitro and in vivo assays developed has facilitated the dissection of the mechanisms behind Hh-driven ovarian cancers formation and growth. Based on recent studies, we propose that the inhibition of Hh signaling may interfere with spheroid-like structures in ovarian cancers. The components of the Hh signaling may provide novel drug targets, which could be explored as crucial combinatorial strategies for the treatment of ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Ma Z, Liu R, Wang X, Huang M, Gao Q, Lu Y, Liu C. Spontaneous germline potential of human hepatic cell line in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gamwell LF, Collins O, Vanderhyden BC. The mouse ovarian surface epithelium contains a population of LY6A (SCA-1) expressing progenitor cells that are regulated by ovulation-associated factors. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:80. [PMID: 22914315 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ovarian surface epithelium, a single layer of poorly differentiated epithelial cells, covers the surface of the ovary and is ruptured during ovulation. Little is known about the changes that occur in this layer before or during ovulation, and even less is known about the regenerative processes that occur after the surface is ruptured to release a mature oocyte. Recently, a population of mouse ovarian surface epithelial (MOSE) cells that exhibit progenitor/stem cell characteristics has been identified, though neither a genetic marker nor how these cells are regulated has been determined. We have identified a defined population of MOSE cells with progenitor cell characteristics that express the stem cell marker lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus A (LY6A; also known as stem cell antigen-1 [SCA-1]). By testing the effect of factors found in the follicular fluid at ovulation on proliferation, sphere formation, and LY6A expression, we have determined that the size of the LY6A-expressing (LY6A+) progenitor cell population is regulated by at least two ovulation-associated factors present in the follicular fluid: transforming growth factor beta 1 and leukemia-inhibitory factor. Our work has identified a population of LY6A+ MOSE progenitor cells on the surface of the ovary that may play a role in ovulatory wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Gamwell
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
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Condic ML, Rao M. Alternative sources of pluripotent stem cells: ethical and scientific issues revisited. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 19:1121-9. [PMID: 20397928 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell researchers in the United States continue to face an uncertain future, because of the changing federal guidelines governing this research, the restrictive patent situation surrounding the generation of new human embryonic stem cell lines, and the ethical divide over the use of embryos for research. In this commentary, we describe how recent advances in the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells and the isolation of germ-line-derived pluripotent stem cells resolve a number of these uncertainties. The availability of patient-matched, pluripotent stem cells that can be obtained by ethically acceptable means provides important advantages for stem cell researchers, by both avoiding protracted ethical debates and giving U.S. researchers full access to federal funding. Thus, ethically uncompromised stem cells, such as those derived by direct reprogramming or from germ-cell precursors, are likely to yield important advances in stem cell research and move the field rapidly toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Condic
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-3401, USA.
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