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Ali MAM, Garcia-Vilas JA, Cromwell CR, Hubbard BP, Hendzel MJ, Schulz R. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 mediates ribosomal RNA transcription by cleaving nucleolar histones. FEBS J 2021; 288:6736-6751. [PMID: 34101354 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation and survival require continuous ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis. Genes encoding ribosomal RNA are physically located in a specialized substructure within the nucleus known as the nucleolus, which has a central role in the biogenesis of ribosomes. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 was previously detected in the nucleus, however, its role there is elusive. Herein we report that matrix metalloproteinase-2 resides within the nucleolus to regulate ribosomal RNA transcription. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 is enriched at the promoter region of ribosomal RNA gene repeats, and its inhibition downregulates preribosomal RNA transcription. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is clipped by matrix metalloproteinase-2 in the nucleolus, which is associated with increased ribosomal RNA transcription. Knocking down/out matrix metalloproteinase-2, or inhibiting its activity, prevents histone H3 cleavage and reduces both ribosomal RNA transcription and cell proliferation. In addition to the known extracellular roles of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in tumor growth, our data reveal an epigenetic mechanism whereby intranucleolar matrix metalloproteinase-2 regulates cell proliferation through histone clipping and facilitation of ribosomal RNA transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A M Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Javier A Garcia-Vilas
- Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher R Cromwell
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Basil P Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael J Hendzel
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Richard Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Rodriguez Faba O, Palou-Redorta J, Fernández-Gómez JM, Algaba F, Eiró N, Villavicencio H, Vizoso FJ. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Bladder Cancer: What is New? ISRN UROLOGY 2012; 2012:581539. [PMID: 22852097 PMCID: PMC3407627 DOI: 10.5402/2012/581539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer represents a heterogeneous disease with divergent pathways of tumorigenesis. Tumor invasion and progression are a multifactorial process promoted by microenvironmental changes that include overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Recent data clearly challenge the classic dogma that MMPs promote metastasis only by modulating the remodeling of extracellular matrix. Indeed, MMPs have also been attributed as an impact on tumor cell behavior in vivo as a consequence of their ability to cleave growth factors, cell surface receptors, cell adhesion molecules, and chemokines/cytokines. Levels of the different MMPs can be measured in several sample types, including tissue, blood (serum and plasma), and urine, and using different methodologies, such as immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, western and northern blot analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and zymography. Several MMPs have been identified as having potential diagnostic or prognostic utility, whether alone or in combination with cytology. Although MMP inhibitors have shown limited efficacy, advances in the understanding of the complex physiologic and pathologic roles of MMPs might permit the development of new MMP-specific and tumor-specific therapies. In this paper we update the understanding of MMPs based on a systematic PubMed search encompassing papers published up to December 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rodriguez Faba
- Department of Urology, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08025 Fundació Puigvert, Spain
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