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Yun J, Yoon KS, Lee TH, Lee H, Gu SM, Song YJ, Cha HJ, Han KM, Seo H, Shin J, Park HK, Kim HS, Kim YH. Synthetic cannabinoid, JWH-030, induces QT prolongation through hERG channel inhibition. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1663-1671. [PMID: 30090465 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00259e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of new psychoactive substance (NPS) abuse, which includes synthetic cannabinoids, is emerging globally, and the cardiotoxicity of these synthetic cannabinoids has not yet been evaluated extensively. In the present study, we investigated the effects of synthetic cannabinoids on the cytotoxicity, human Ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel, action potential duration (APD), and QT interval. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that JWH-030 was more cytotoxic than JWH-210, JWH-250, and RCS4 in H9c2 cells at 0.1 μM. In addition, the cytotoxicity was associated with its pro-apoptotic effects as evidenced by the increase in caspase-3 levels. We demonstrated that a cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) antagonist, AM630, inhibited JWH-030-induced cytotoxicity, whereas a CB1 antagonist, rimonabant, did not. Furthermore, fluorescence polarization assay showed JWH-030 to block the hERG channel (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 was 88.36 μM). JWH-030 significantly reduced the APD at 90% repolarization (APD90) in rabbit Purkinje fibers and decreased the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in Langendorff-perfused Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat hearts at 30 μM. In addition, the electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement revealed that the intravenous injection of JWH-030 (0.5 mg kg-1) prolonged the QT interval in SD rats. These results suggest that JWH-030 is cytotoxic and its cytotoxicity is mediated by its action on the CB2 receptor; it prolongs the QT interval by regulating ion current channels and APD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesuk Yun
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Cheongju , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82-43-719-5202
| | - Kyung Sik Yoon
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Cheongju , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82-43-719-5202
| | - Tac-Hyung Lee
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Cheongju , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82-43-719-5202
| | - Hyunjin Lee
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Cheongju , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82-43-719-5202
| | - Sun Mi Gu
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Cheongju , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82-43-719-5202
| | - Yun Jeong Song
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Cheongju , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82-43-719-5202
| | - Hye Jin Cha
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Cheongju , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82-43-719-5202
| | - Kyoung Moon Han
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Cheongju , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82-43-719-5202
| | - Hyewon Seo
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Cheongju , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82-43-719-5202
| | - Jisoon Shin
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Cheongju , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82-43-719-5202
| | - Hye-Kyung Park
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Cheongju , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82-43-719-5202
| | - Hyung Soo Kim
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Cheongju , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82-43-719-5202
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- National Institute of Drug and Safety Evaluation , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong , Cheongju , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82-43-719-5202
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Niessen K, Tattersall J, Timperley C, Bird M, Green C, Seeger T, Thiermann H, Worek F. Interaction of bispyridinium compounds with the orthosteric binding site of human α7 and Torpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Toxicol Lett 2011; 206:100-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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