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A Novel Pathogenic Variant in the N-Terminal Domain of the Glucocorticoid Receptor, Causing Glucocorticoid Resistance. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 24:473-485. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Darrigade AS. Traitements topiques et photothérapie dans la dermatite atopique. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019; 146:12S85-12S95. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(20)30018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ghersa F, Delsouc MB, Goyeneche AA, Vallcaneras SS, Meresman G, Telleria CM, Casais M. Reduced inflammatory state promotes reinnervation of endometriotic-like lesions in TNFRp55 deficient mice. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 25:385-396. [PMID: 31070761 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease, characterized by growth of endometrial tissue in ectopic sites due to alteration of peritoneal homeostasis and deregulation of apoptosis. Here we have examined whether TNFRp55 deficiency modulates the pro-inflammatory state and the reinnervation of endometriotic-like lesions in mice. Two-month-old female C57BL/6 mice, eight wild type (WT) and eight TNFRp55-/- (KO) were used in the study. Endometriotic-like lesions were induced experimentally. The right uterine horn was removed from the animal, divided longitudinally, cut in three square pieces and sutured to the intestine mesentery. After 4 weeks, the lesions and the peritoneal fluid were collected. The level of TNFα in the peritoneal fluid was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA). The expressions of COX2, GRα and GRβ were evaluated in the lesions by western blot and immunohistochemistry. β-III TUBULIN, BDNF and NGF protein concentrations were evaluated in the lesions by western blot. Gene expression of Pgp 9.5, SP and Th was analyzed by RT-PCR, whereas relative concentrations of TRKA, NTRp75, phosphorylated NFκB (pNFκB) and total NFκB in lesions were measured by EIA. Compared with the WT group, the KO mice showed lower TNFα levels in the peritoneal fluid and lower numbers of COX2 immunoreactive cells along with increased expression of GRα, β-III TUBULIN, Pgp 9.5, SP, Th, BDNF, NGF, NTRp75 and pNFκB in the lesions. Future histological studies will be necessary to confirm the sensory/sympathetic imbalance in the endometriotic-like lesions of the KO mice. Our results suggest that a reduced inflammatory state promotes reinnervation of endometriotic-like lesions in TNFRp55-/- mice. Chronic deregulation of TNF receptors can have serious consequences for women with advanced endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ghersa
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - M B Delsouc
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - A A Goyeneche
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - S S Vallcaneras
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - G Meresman
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Endometrial, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C M Telleria
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - M Casais
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción (LABIR), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), Ejército de Los Andes 950, CP D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
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Diagnostic value of the dual-luciferase report assay for predicting response to glucocorticoid in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:1241-1246. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nicolaides NC, Skyrla E, Vlachakis D, Psarra AMG, Moutsatsou P, Sertedaki A, Kossida S, Charmandari E. Functional characterization of the hGRαT556I causing Chrousos syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:42-9. [PMID: 26541474 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrousos syndrome is a rare pathologic condition characterized by generalized, partial resistance of target tissues to glucocorticoids and caused by inactivating mutations of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) gene. A novel case of Chrousos syndrome has been reported in a patient with adrenal incidentaloma, who harboured a heterozygous point mutation in the hGR gene, which resulted in threonine (T) to isoleucine (I) substitution at amino acid position 556 in the ligand-binding domain of the receptor. OBJECTIVE To delineate the molecular mechanisms through which the mutant receptor hGRαT556I causes Chrousos syndrome. DESIGN AND RESULTS Compared with the wild-type receptor, the mutant receptor hGRαT556I demonstrated 50% reduction in its ability to transactivate glucocorticoid-responsive genes and in the affinity for the ligand, 30% increase in the ability to transrepress the nuclear factor-κB-target genes and a 3,4-fold delay in the cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation. The mutant receptor hGRαT556I did not exert a dominant negative effect upon the hGRα-mediated transcriptional activity; it preserved its ability to bind to DNA and interacted with the glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 coactivator mostly through its activation function-1 domain. Structural biology studies revealed that the T556I mutation caused disruption of the hydrogen bond formed by the T556 with the =O group of P637 backbone, which resulted in a significant relocation of the P637-bearing loop. This conformational alteration affected the local 3D arrangement of the receptor and hence the electrostatic surface of the region. CONCLUSIONS The hGRαT556I causes Chrousos syndrome by impairing multiple steps of the glucocorticoid signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Skyrla
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Team, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna-Maria G Psarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Moutsatsou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Athens Medical School, 'Attiko' Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia Sertedaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Kossida
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Team, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,IMGT®, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System®, Institute of Human Genetics, Montpellier, France
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Nicolaides NC, Geer EB, Vlachakis D, Roberts ML, Psarra AMG, Moutsatsou P, Sertedaki A, Kossida S, Charmandari E. A novel mutation of the hGR gene causing Chrousos syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:782-91. [PMID: 26031419 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural mutations in the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR, NR3C1) gene cause Chrousos syndrome, a rare condition characterized by generalized, partial, target-tissue insensitivity to glucocorticoids. OBJECTIVE To present a new case of Chrousos syndrome caused by a novel mutation in the hGR gene, and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which the natural mutant receptor affects glucocorticoid signal transduction. DESIGN AND RESULTS The index case presented with hirsutism, acne, alopecia, anxiety, fatigue and irregular menstrual cycles, but no clinical manifestations suggestive of Cushing's syndrome. Endocrinologic evaluation revealed elevated 08:00 h plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, serum cortisol and androstenedione concentrations and increased urinary free cortisol excretion. The patient harbored a novel A > G transition at nucleotide position 2177, which resulted in histidine (H) to arginine (R) substitution at amino acid position 726 of the receptor (c.2177A > G, p.H726R). Compared with the wild-type receptor, the mutant receptor hGRαH726R demonstrated decreased ability to transactivate glucocorticoid-responsive genes and to transrepress the nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway, displayed 55% lower affinity for the ligand and a four-fold delay in nuclear translocation, and interacted with the glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 coactivator mostly through its activation function-1 domain. Finally, a 3-dimensional molecular modelling study of the H726R mutation revealed a significant structural shift in the rigidity of helix 10 of the receptor, which resulted in reduced flexibility and decreased affinity of the mutant receptor for binding to the ligand. CONCLUSIONS The natural mutant receptor hGRαH726R impairs multiple steps of glucocorticoid signal transduction, thereby decreasing tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eliza B Geer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Team, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael L Roberts
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna-Maria G Psarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Moutsatsou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 'Attiko' Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia Sertedaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Kossida
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Team, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,IMGT®, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System®, Institute of Human Genetics, Montpellier, France
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Vandevyver S, Dejager L, Libert C. Comprehensive overview of the structure and regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor. Endocr Rev 2014; 35:671-93. [PMID: 24937701 DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are among the most prescribed drugs worldwide for the treatment of numerous immune and inflammatory disorders. They exert their actions by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. There are several GR isoforms resulting from alternative RNA splicing and translation initiation of the GR transcript. Additionally, these isoforms are all subject to several transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications, all of which affect the protein's stability and/or function. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on the distinct GR isoforms and the processes that generate them. We also review the importance of all known transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications, including the regulation of GR by microRNAs. Moreover, we discuss the crucial role of the putative GR-bound DNA sequence as an allosteric ligand influencing GR structure and activity. Finally, we describe how the differential composition and distinct regulation at multiple levels of different GR species could account for the wide and diverse effects of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vandevyver
- Inflammation Research Center (S.V., L.D., C.L.), Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (S.V., L.D., C.L.), Ghent University, B9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Relationship of glucocorticoid receptor expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the cochlea of guinea pigs and effects of dexamethasone administration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56323. [PMID: 23409174 PMCID: PMC3567064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and significantly improve hearing. However, GC insensitivity has been observed in some patients of SSNHL. Objective To study the correlation between GR expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in the cochlea of guinea pigs at mRNA and protein levels. Methods One group of guinea pigs received dexamethasone (10 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days (dexamethasone group), and another group of guinea pigs received normal saline (control group). Real time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of GR mRNA and GR protein in PBMCs and the cochleae. Results The GR mRNA and GR protein were detected in both PBMCs and the cochlear tissue of guinea pigs. GR mRNA and GR protein levels in PBMCs were positively correlated with those in the cochlea. The expression of GR mRNA and GR protein was significantly increased in the dexamethasone group compared to the control group. Conclusions Levels of GR mRNA and GR protein in the PBMCs were positively correlated with those in the cochlea of guinea pigs. Systemic dexamethasone treatment can significantly up-regulate GR expression in PBMCs and in the cochlea. Measurement of the GR level in PBMCs could be used as an indicator of GR level in the cochlea.
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Charmandari E, Achermann JC, Carel JC, Soder O, Chrousos GP. Stress response and child health. Sci Signal 2012; 5:mr1. [PMID: 23112343 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress is defined as a state of real or perceived threat to homeostasis. The principal effectors of the stress system are corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), arginine vasopressin, the proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and β-endorphin, the glucocorticoids, and the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine. Appropriate responsiveness of the stress system to stressors is a crucial prerequisite for a sense of well-being, adequate performance of tasks, and positive social interactions. By contrast, inappropriate responsiveness of the stress system may impair growth and development and may account for various endocrine, metabolic, autoimmune, and psychiatric disorders. The development and severity of these conditions primarily depend on the genetic vulnerability of the individual, the exposure to adverse environmental factors, and the timing of stressful event(s). Prenatal life, infancy, childhood, and adolescence are critical periods characterized by increased vulnerability to stressors. This review summarizes the topics presented at the fifth New Inroads to Child Health (NICHe) Conference "Stress Response and Child Health" held at Heraklion, Crete, Greece, in May 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Athens, Greece.
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