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Dubey R, Sinha N, Jagannathan NR. Potential of in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance of biofluids and tissues in clinical research. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4686. [PMID: 34970810 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Body fluids, cells, and tissues contain a wide variety of metabolites that consist of a mixture of various low-molecular-weight compounds, including amino acids, peptides, lipids, nucleic acids, and organic acids, which makes comprehensive analysis more difficult. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a well-established analytical technique for analyzing the metabolic profiles of body fluids, cells, and tissues. It enables fast and comprehensive detection, characterization, a high level of experimental reproducibility, minimal sample preparation, and quantification of various endogenous metabolites. In recent times, NMR-based metabolomics has been appreciably utilized in diverse branches of medicine, including microbiology, toxicology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, nutritional intervention, and disease diagnosis/prognosis. In this review, the utility of NMR-based metabolomics in clinical studies is discussed. The significance of in vitro NMR-based metabolomics as an effective tool for detecting metabolites and their variations in different diseases are discussed, together with the possibility of identifying specific biomarkers that can contribute to early detection and diagnosis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Dubey
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Naranamangalam R Jagannathan
- Department of Radiology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam, India
- Department of Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology, Madras, Chennai, India
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Longitudinal perturbations of plasma nuclear magnetic resonance profiles in neonatal encephalopathy. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02464-x. [PMID: 36639516 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a major cause of mortality and severe neurological disability in the neonatal period and beyond. We hypothesized that the degree of brain injury is reflected in the molecular composition of peripheral blood samples. METHODS A sub-cohort of 28 newborns included in the HYPOTOP trial was studied. Brain injury was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) once per patient and neurodevelopment at 24 months of age was evaluated using the Bayley III Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profile of 60 plasma samples collected before, during, and after cooling was recorded. RESULTS In total, 249 molecular features were quantitated in plasma samples from newborns and postnatal age showed to affect detected NMR profiles. Lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, pyruvate, and three triglyceride biomarkers showed the ability to discern between different degrees of brain injury according to MRI scores. The prediction performance of lactate was superior as compared to other clinical and biochemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS This is the first longitudinal study of an ample compound panel recorded by NMR spectroscopy in plasma from NE infants. The serial determination of lactate confirms its solid position as reliable candidate biomarker for predicting the severity of brain injury. IMPACT The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy enables the simultaneous quantitation of 249 compounds in a small volume (i.e., 100 μL) of plasma. Longitudinal perturbations of plasma NMR profiles were linked to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes of infants with neonatal encephalopathy (NE). Lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, pyruvate, and three triglyceride biomarkers showed the ability to discern between different degrees of brain injury according to MRI scores. Lactate is a minimally invasive candidate biomarker for early staging of MRI brain injury in NE infants that might be readily implemented in clinical guidelines for NE outcome prediction.
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Singh B, Yadav R, Kumar T, Kawlra S. Revisiting Concepts of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Evaluation of Brain Lesions: An Institutional Experience. ASIAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has emerged as a technique due to its ability to characterize the metabolite constituent of any lesion. We have evaluated magnetic resonance (MR) spectral patterns in different neoplastic brain lesions, using the ability of MRS in grading of gliomas. MRS also helps in differentiating between high-grade glioma and metastases.
Method A retrospective observational study in histologically confirmed cases of brain neoplasms in which MRS was performed as a part of preoperative MR imaging. The pattern of metabolite peak was observed and means with standard deviation of different metabolite ratios (choline/creatine, choline/N-acetylaspartate [NAA], NAA/creatine) were calculated for different tumors. Analysis was done to see statistically significant differences in metabolite ratios of different grades of gliomas and to differentiate high-grade gliomas from metastases.
Result A total of 61 cases with brain tumor were included in the study. Of which, 20 cases were of gliomas, 11 metastases, 9 meningiomas, 4 dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors, 6 pituitary macroadenomas, 4 trigeminal schwannomas, 3 craniopharyngiomas, 2 acoustic schwannomas, and 2 medulloblastomas. Statistically significant differences in ratios of metabolite peaks were noted between different grades of gliomas and for high-grade glioma versus metastases.
Conclusion MRS compliments the MR imaging and stands out as problem-solving method to distinguish neoplastic lesions in selected cases and also has a role in grading of gliomas and in differentiation of types of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanupriya Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Yadav
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tushant Kumar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kawlra
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Medanta Pvt Limited, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Park H, Wang Q. State-of-the-art accounts of hyperpolarized 15N-labeled molecular imaging probes for magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7378-7391. [PMID: 35872812 PMCID: PMC9241963 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01264b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized isotope-labeled agents have significantly advanced nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging (MRS/MRI) of physicochemical activities at molecular levels. An emerging advance in this area is exciting developments of 15N-labeled hyperpolarized MR agents to enable acquisition of highly valuable information that was previously inaccessible and expand the applications of MRS/MRI beyond commonly studied 13C nuclei. This review will present recent developments of these hyperpolarized 15N-labeled molecular imaging probes, ranging from endogenous and drug molecules, and chemical sensors, to various 15N-tagged biomolecules. Through these examples, this review will provide insights into the target selection and probe design rationale and inherent challenges of HP imaging in hopes of facilitating future developments of 15N-based biomedical imaging agents and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
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Paudyal R, Grkovski M, Oh JH, Schöder H, Nunez DA, Hatzoglou V, Deasy JO, Humm JL, Lee NY, Shukla-Dave A. Application of Community Detection Algorithm to Investigate the Correlation between Imaging Biomarkers of Tumor Metabolism, Hypoxia, Cellularity, and Perfusion for Precision Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3908. [PMID: 34359810 PMCID: PMC8345739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the correlation at pre-treatment (TX) between quantitative metrics derived from multimodality imaging (MMI), including 18F-FDG-PET/CT, 18F-FMISO-PET/CT, DW- and DCE-MRI, using a community detection algorithm (CDA) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Twenty-three HNSCC patients with 27 metastatic lymph nodes underwent a total of 69 MMI exams at pre-TX. Correlations among quantitative metrics derived from FDG-PET/CT (SUL), FMSIO-PET/CT (K1, k3, TBR, and DV), DW-MRI (ADC, IVIM [D, D*, and f]), and FXR DCE-MRI [Ktrans, ve, and τi]) were investigated using the CDA based on a "spin-glass model" coupled with the Spearman's rank, ρ, analysis. Mean MRI T2 weighted tumor volumes and SULmean values were moderately positively correlated (ρ = 0.48, p = 0.01). ADC and D exhibited a moderate negative correlation with SULmean (ρ ≤ -0.42, p < 0.03 for both). K1 and Ktrans were positively correlated (ρ = 0.48, p = 0.01). In contrast, Ktrans and k3max were negatively correlated (ρ = -0.41, p = 0.03). CDA revealed four communities for 16 metrics interconnected with 33 edges in the network. DV, Ktrans, and K1 had 8, 7, and 6 edges in the network, respectively. After validation in a larger population, the CDA approach may aid in identifying useful biomarkers for developing individual patient care in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Paudyal
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (R.P.); (M.G.); (J.H.O.); (D.A.N.); (J.O.D.); (J.L.H.)
| | - Milan Grkovski
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (R.P.); (M.G.); (J.H.O.); (D.A.N.); (J.O.D.); (J.L.H.)
| | - Jung Hun Oh
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (R.P.); (M.G.); (J.H.O.); (D.A.N.); (J.O.D.); (J.L.H.)
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (H.S.); (V.H.)
| | - David Aramburu Nunez
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (R.P.); (M.G.); (J.H.O.); (D.A.N.); (J.O.D.); (J.L.H.)
| | - Vaios Hatzoglou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (H.S.); (V.H.)
| | - Joseph O. Deasy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (R.P.); (M.G.); (J.H.O.); (D.A.N.); (J.O.D.); (J.L.H.)
| | - John L. Humm
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (R.P.); (M.G.); (J.H.O.); (D.A.N.); (J.O.D.); (J.L.H.)
| | - Nancy Y. Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Amita Shukla-Dave
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (R.P.); (M.G.); (J.H.O.); (D.A.N.); (J.O.D.); (J.L.H.)
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (H.S.); (V.H.)
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Diffusion Tensor Imaging in brain tumors: A study on gliomas and metastases. Phys Med 2015; 31:767-73. [PMID: 25866320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the role of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in preoperative glioma grading, as well as in differentiation between gliomas and metastatic brain tumors. We measured diffusion tensor variables in enhancement and edema regions, which were compared between the different subject groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed DTI in 48 patients (11 Low Grade Gliomas, 27 High Grade Gliomas, 10 Single Metastatic brain tumors). We measured FA, λ1, λ2, λ3, ADC, Cl, Cp, Cs, RA, and VR in enhancing portions of tumors and edema regions. Additionally, ratios of enhancement to edema values were created for each variable. RESULTS In peritumoral edema, Cl and RA were proven to be significantly different in pair-wise comparisons, in addition to ADC, Cp, Cs and VR in enhancement regions. Enhancement to edema values were significantly different as well. CONCLUSION Diffusion tensor indices could be used for the differentiation between low and high grade gliomas, as well as for distinction between gliomas and metastases.
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Patel T, Blyth JC, Griffiths G, Kelly D, Talcott JB. Moderate relationships between NAA and cognitive ability in healthy adults: implications for cognitive spectroscopy. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:39. [PMID: 24592224 PMCID: PMC3924143 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that enables quantification of neurochemistry in vivo and thereby facilitates investigation of the biochemical underpinnings of human cognitive variability. Studies in the field of cognitive spectroscopy have commonly focused on relationships between measures of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), a surrogate marker of neuronal health and function, and broad measures of cognitive performance, such as IQ. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we used (1)H-MRS to interrogate single-voxels in occipitoparietal and frontal cortex, in parallel with assessments of psychometric intelligence, in a sample of 40 healthy adult participants. We found correlations between NAA and IQ that were within the range reported in previous studies. However, the magnitude of these effects was significantly modulated by the stringency of data screening and the extent to which outlying values contributed to statistical analyses. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE (1)H-MRS offers a sensitive tool for assessing neurochemistry non-invasively, yet the relationships between brain metabolites and broad aspects of human behavior such as IQ are subtle. We highlight the need to develop an increasingly rigorous analytical and interpretive framework for collecting and reporting data obtained from cognitive spectroscopy studies of this kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulpesh Patel
- Aston Brain Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Gareth Griffiths
- European Bioenergy Research Institute, Aston University Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Joel B Talcott
- Aston Brain Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University Birmingham, UK
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Foss MP, Diniz PRB, Formigheri P, Salmon CEG, Speciali JG, Santos AC. Magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing in the spectrum of normal aging. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:1197-205. [PMID: 24141834 PMCID: PMC3782730 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(09)04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the relationships between brain structures and function (behavior and cognition) in healthy aging. METHOD The study group was composed of 56 healthy elderly subjects who underwent neuropsychological assessment and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Cluster analysis classified the cohort into two groups, one (cluster 1) in which the magnetic resonance imaging metrics were more preserved (mean age: 66.4 years) and another (cluster 2) with less preserved markers of healthy brain tissue (mean age: 75.4 years). RESULTS The subjects in cluster 2 (older group) had worse indices of interference in the Stroop test compared with the subjects in cluster 1 (younger group). Therefore, a simple test such as the Stroop test could differentiate groups of younger and older subjects based on magnetic resonance imaging metrics. CONCLUSION These results are in agreement with the inhibitory control hypotheses regarding cognitive aging and may also be important in the interpretation of studies with other clinical groups, such as patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Foss
- Neurosciences Program, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSP, Brazil
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Kong DS, Kim ST, Kim EH, Lim DH, Kim WS, Suh YL, Lee JI, Park K, Kim JH, Nam DH. Diagnostic dilemma of pseudoprogression in the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastomas: the role of assessing relative cerebral blood flow volume and oxygen-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation status. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:382-7. [PMID: 21252041 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Methylation of the MGMT gene promoter is associated with a favorable prognosis in adult patients with GBM treated with TMZ. We determined the incidence of pseudoprogression according to the MGMT methylation status and the potential value of DSC perfusion MR images for predicting pseudoprogression. MATERIALS AND METHODS New or enlarged enhancing lesions after CCRT in adult patients with newly diagnosed GBMs were prospectively assessed by measuring their rCBV by using DSC perfusion MR images. Tumor tissue was assayed to determine MGMT promoter methylation status. All patients were regularly followed up at an interval of 2 months by MR images, including DSC perfusion MR images. RESULTS Ninety eligible patients were enrolled in this study. After CCRT, new or enlarged enhanced lesions were found in 59 of 90 patients, which were subsequently classified as pseudoprogression (26 patients, 28.9%) and real progression (33 patients, 36.7%). Overall, there was a significant difference in the mean rCBV between pseudoprogression and real tumor progression (P = .003). The ROC curve revealed that an rCBV ratio >1.47 had an 81.5% sensitivity and a 77.8% specificity. The unmethylated MGMT promoter group had a significant difference of mean rCBV between pseudoprogression and real progression (P = .009), though the methylated MGMT promoter group had no significant difference (P = .258). CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that rCBV measured by DSC perfusion MR images has a differential impact on the predictability of pseudoprogression in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-S Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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