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Bioluminescence and Photoreception in Unicellular Organisms: Light-Signalling in a Bio-Communication Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111311. [PMID: 34768741 PMCID: PMC8582858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence, the emission of light catalysed by luciferases, has evolved in many taxa from bacteria to vertebrates and is predominant in the marine environment. It is now well established that in animals possessing a nervous system capable of integrating light stimuli, bioluminescence triggers various behavioural responses and plays a role in intra- or interspecific visual communication. The function of light emission in unicellular organisms is less clear and it is currently thought that it has evolved in an ecological framework, to be perceived by visual animals. For example, while it is thought that bioluminescence allows bacteria to be ingested by zooplankton or fish, providing them with favourable conditions for growth and dispersal, the luminous flashes emitted by dinoflagellates may have evolved as an anti-predation system against copepods. In this short review, we re-examine this paradigm in light of recent findings in microorganism photoreception, signal integration and complex behaviours. Numerous studies show that on the one hand, bacteria and protists, whether autotrophs or heterotrophs, possess a variety of photoreceptors capable of perceiving and integrating light stimuli of different wavelengths. Single-cell light-perception produces responses ranging from phototaxis to more complex behaviours. On the other hand, there is growing evidence that unicellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes can perform complex tasks ranging from habituation and decision-making to associative learning, despite lacking a nervous system. Here, we focus our analysis on two taxa, bacteria and dinoflagellates, whose bioluminescence is well studied. We propose the hypothesis that similar to visual animals, the interplay between light-emission and reception could play multiple roles in intra- and interspecific communication and participate in complex behaviour in the unicellular world.
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Tano J, Ripa MB, Tondo ML, Carrau A, Petrocelli S, Rodriguez MV, Ferreira V, Siri MI, Piskulic L, Orellano EG. Light modulates important physiological features of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum during the colonization of tomato plants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14531. [PMID: 34267245 PMCID: PMC8282871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum GMI1000 (Rpso GMI1000) is a soil-borne vascular phytopathogen that infects host plants through the root system causing wilting disease in a wide range of agro-economic interest crops, producing economical losses. Several features contribute to the full bacterial virulence. In this work we study the participation of light, an important environmental factor, in the regulation of the physiological attributes and infectivity of Rpso GMI1000. In silico analysis of the Rpso genome revealed the presence of a Rsp0254 gene, which encodes a putative blue light LOV-type photoreceptor. We constructed a mutant strain of Rpso lacking the LOV protein and found that the loss of this protein and light, influenced characteristics involved in the pathogenicity process such as motility, adhesion and the biofilms development, which allows the successful host plant colonization, rendering bacterial wilt. This protein could be involved in the adaptive responses to environmental changes. We demonstrated that light sensing and the LOV protein, would be used as a location signal in the host plant, to regulate the expression of several virulence factors, in a time and tissue dependent way. Consequently, bacteria could use an external signal and Rpsolov gene to know their location within plant tissue during the colonization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Tano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (IBR-FBIOyF), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Belén Ripa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (IBR-FBIOyF), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Laura Tondo
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Analía Carrau
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (IBR-FBIOyF), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Silvana Petrocelli
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Rodriguez
- Área Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Virginia Ferreira
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Inés Siri
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Piskulic
- Área Estadística y Procesamiento de datos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Elena Graciela Orellano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (IBR-FBIOyF), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
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Seong J, Lin MZ. Optobiochemistry: Genetically Encoded Control of Protein Activity by Light. Annu Rev Biochem 2021; 90:475-501. [PMID: 33781076 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-072420-112431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Optobiochemical control of protein activities allows the investigation of protein functions in living cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. Over the last two decades, numerous natural photosensory domains have been characterized and synthetic domains engineered and assembled into photoregulatory systems to control protein function with light. Here, we review the field of optobiochemistry, categorizing photosensory domains by chromophore, describing photoregulatory systems by mechanism of action, and discussing protein classes frequently investigated using optical methods. We also present examples of how spatial or temporal control of proteins in living cells has provided new insights not possible with traditional biochemical or cell biological techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea;
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; .,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Wilde A, Mullineaux CW. Light-controlled motility in prokaryotes and the problem of directional light perception. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:900-922. [PMID: 29077840 PMCID: PMC5812497 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural light environment is important to many prokaryotes. Most obviously, phototrophic prokaryotes need to acclimate their photosynthetic apparatus to the prevailing light conditions, and such acclimation is frequently complemented by motility to enable cells to relocate in search of more favorable illumination conditions. Non-phototrophic prokaryotes may also seek to avoid light at damaging intensities and wavelengths, and many prokaryotes with diverse lifestyles could potentially exploit light signals as a rich source of information about their surroundings and a cue for acclimation and behavior. Here we discuss our current understanding of the ways in which bacteria can perceive the intensity, wavelength and direction of illumination, and the signal transduction networks that link light perception to the control of motile behavior. We discuss the problems of light perception at the prokaryotic scale, and the challenge of directional light perception in small bacterial cells. We explain the peculiarities and the common features of light-controlled motility systems in prokaryotes as diverse as cyanobacteria, purple photosynthetic bacteria, chemoheterotrophic bacteria and haloarchaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Wilde
- Institute of Biology III, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Conrad W. Mullineaux
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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Lozano C, ten Hagen B, Löwen H, Bechinger C. Phototaxis of synthetic microswimmers in optical landscapes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12828. [PMID: 27687580 PMCID: PMC5056439 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many microorganisms, with phytoplankton and zooplankton as prominent examples, display phototactic behaviour, that is, the ability to perform directed motion within a light gradient. Here we experimentally demonstrate that sensing of light gradients can also be achieved in a system of synthetic photo-activated microparticles being exposed to an inhomogeneous laser field. We observe a strong orientational response of the particles because of diffusiophoretic torques, which in combination with an intensity-dependent particle motility eventually leads to phototaxis. Since the aligning torques saturate at high gradients, a strongly rectified particle motion is found even in periodic asymmetric intensity landscapes. Our results are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations of a minimal model and should similarly apply to other particle propulsion mechanisms. Because light fields can be easily adjusted in space and time, this also allows to extend our approach to dynamical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Lozano
- 2. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Borge ten Hagen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Clemens Bechinger
- 2. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Tracking the secondary photodynamics of the green/red cyanobacteriochrome RcaE from Fremyella diplosiphon. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ramírez MS, Müller GL, Pérez JF, Golic AE, Mussi MA. More Than Just Light: Clinical Relevance of Light Perception in the Nosocomial PathogenAcinetobacter baumanniiand Other Members of the GenusAcinetobacter. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:1291-301. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-CONICET); Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Department of Biological Science; Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies; California State University Fullerton; Fullerton CA
| | - Gabriela Leticia Müller
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Rosario Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET); Rosario Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Fernanda Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Rosario Argentina
| | | | - María Alejandra Mussi
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Rosario Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET); Rosario Argentina
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Nudel CB, Hellingwerf KJ. Photoreceptors in Chemotrophic Prokaryotes: The Case of Acinetobacter spp. Revisited. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:1012-20. [PMID: 26147719 DOI: 10.1111/php.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive description of blue light using flavin (BLUF) photosensory proteins, including preferred domain architectures and the molecular mechanism of their light activation and signal generation, among chemotrophic prokaryotes is presented. Light-regulated physiological responses in Acinetobacter spp. from environmental and clinically relevant strains are discussed. The twitching motility response in A. baylyi sp. ADP1 and the joint involvement of three of the four putative BLUF-domain-containing proteins in this response, in this species, is presented as an example of remarkable photoreceptor redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara B Nudel
- Nanobiotec Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Klaas J Hellingwerf
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Draft Genome Sequence of Falsirhodobacter sp. Strain alg1, an Alginate-Degrading Bacterium Isolated from Fermented Brown Algae. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/4/e00826-14. [PMID: 25146138 PMCID: PMC4153483 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00826-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Falsirhodobacter sp. alg1 is an alginate-degrading bacterium, the second species from the nonphototrophic bacterial genus Falsirhodobacter. We report the first draft genome of a bacterium from this genus and point out possible important features related to alginate assimilation and its evolutionary aspects.
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Gottlieb SM, Kim PW, Rockwell NC, Hirose Y, Ikeuchi M, Lagarias JC, Larsen DS. Primary Photodynamics of the Green/Red-Absorbing Photoswitching Regulator of the Chromatic Adaptation E Domain from Fremyella diplosiphon. Biochemistry 2013; 52:8198-208. [DOI: 10.1021/bi400946q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Gottlieb
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Peter W. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nathan C. Rockwell
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, One Shields
Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yuu Hirose
- Electronics-Inspired
Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ikeuchi
- Electronics-Inspired
Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - J. Clark Lagarias
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, One Shields
Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Delmar S. Larsen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Bitrian M, González RH, Paris G, Hellingwerf KJ, Nudel CB. Blue-light-dependent inhibition of twitching motility in Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1: additive involvement of three BLUF-domain-containing proteins. Microbiology (Reading) 2013; 159:1828-1841. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.069153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bitrian
- Cátedra de Microbiología Industrial y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo H. González
- Cátedra de Microbiología Industrial y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gaston Paris
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Klaas J. Hellingwerf
- Molecular Microbial Physiology Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Clara B. Nudel
- Cátedra de Microbiología Industrial y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Drepper T, Krauss U, Meyer zu Berstenhorst S, Pietruszka J, Jaeger KE. Lights on and action! Controlling microbial gene expression by light. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:23-40. [PMID: 21336931 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Light-mediated control of gene expression and thus of any protein function and metabolic process in living microbes is a rapidly developing field of research in the areas of functional genomics, systems biology, and biotechnology. The unique physical properties of the environmental factor light allow for an independent photocontrol of various microbial processes in a noninvasive and spatiotemporal fashion. This mini review describes recently developed strategies to generate photo-sensitive expression systems in bacteria and yeast. Naturally occurring and artificial photoswitches consisting of light-sensitive input domains derived from different photoreceptors and regulatory output domains are presented and individual properties of light-controlled expression systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426, Jülich, Germany.
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Alexandre G. Coupling metabolism and chemotaxis-dependent behaviours by energy taxis receptors. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2010; 156:2283-2293. [PMID: 20558508 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.039214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved the ability to monitor changes in various physico-chemical parameters and to adapt their physiology and metabolism by implementing appropriate cellular responses to these changes. Energy taxis is a metabolism-dependent form of taxis and is the directed movement of motile bacteria in gradients of physico-chemical parameters that affect metabolism. Energy taxis has been described in diverse bacterial species and several dedicated energy sensors have been identified. The molecular mechanism of energy taxis has not been studied in as much detail as chemotaxis, but experimental evidence indicates that this behaviour differs from metabolism-independent taxis only by the presence of dedicated energy taxis receptors. Energy taxis receptors perceive changes in energy-related parameters, including signals related to the redox and/or intracellular energy status of the cell. The best-characterized energy taxis receptors are those that sense the redox state of the electron transport chain via non-covalently bound FAD cofactors. Other receptors shown to mediate energy taxis lack any recognizable redox cofactor or conserved energy-sensing motif, and some have been suggested to monitor changes in the proton motive force. The exact energy-sensing mechanism(s) involved are yet to be elucidated for most of these energy sensors. By monitoring changes in energy-related parameters, energy taxis receptors allow cells to couple motility behaviour with metabolism under diverse environmental conditions. Energy taxis receptors thus provide fruitful models to decipher how cells integrate sensory behaviours with metabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Alexandre
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, 1414 W. Cumberland Ave, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Schweinitzer T, Josenhans C. Bacterial energy taxis: a global strategy? Arch Microbiol 2010; 192:507-20. [PMID: 20411245 PMCID: PMC2886117 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-010-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A functional energy metabolism is one of the most important requirements for survival of all kinds of organisms including bacteria. Therefore, many bacteria actively seek conditions of optimal metabolic activity, a behaviour which can be termed "energy taxis". Motility, combined with the sensory perception of the internal energetic conditions, is prerequisite for tactic responses to different energy levels and metabolic yields. Diverse mechanisms of energy sensing and tactic response have evolved among various bacteria. Many of the known energy taxis sensors group among the methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP)-like sensors. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of energy taxis and explores the current concept that energy taxis is an important part of the bacterial behavioural repertoire in order to navigate towards more favourable metabolic niches and to survive in a specific habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schweinitzer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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