1
|
Pócsi I, Szigeti ZM, Emri T, Boczonádi I, Vereb G, Szöllősi J. Use of red, far-red, and near-infrared light in imaging of yeasts and filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3895-3912. [PMID: 35599256 PMCID: PMC9200671 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract While phototoxicity can be a useful therapeutic modality not only for eliminating malignant cells but also in treating fungal infections, mycologists aiming to observe morphological changes or molecular events in fungi, especially when long observation periods or high light fluxes are warranted, encounter problems owed to altered regulatory pathways or even cell death caused by various photosensing mechanisms. Consequently, the ever expanding repertoire of visible fluorescent protein toolboxes and high-resolution microscopy methods designed to investigate fungi in vitro and in vivo need to comply with an additional requirement: to decrease the unwanted side effects of illumination. In addition to optimizing exposure, an obvious solution is red-shifted illumination, which, however, does not come without compromises. This review summarizes the interactions of fungi with light and the various molecular biology and technology approaches developed for exploring their functions on the molecular, cellular, and in vivo microscopic levels, and outlines the progress towards reducing phototoxicity through applying far-red and near-infrared light. Key points • Fungal biological processes alter upon illumination, also under the microscope • Red shifted fluorescent protein toolboxes decrease interference by illumination • Innovations like two-photon, lightsheet, and near IR microscopy reduce phototoxicity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsa M Szigeti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Imre Boczonádi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akintade DD, Chaudhuri B. Apoptosis, Induced by Human α-Synuclein in Yeast, Can Occur Independent of Functional Mitochondria. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102203. [PMID: 33003464 PMCID: PMC7601298 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human α-synuclein expression in baker’s yeast reportedly induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Surprisingly, we find that, under de-repressing conditions of the inducible MET25/GAL1 promoters, yeast cells expressing chromosomally-integrated copies of the human α-synuclein gene are not killed, but spontaneously form respiration-deficient rho-minus (ρ−) petites. Although yeast cells can undergo cell death (apoptosis) from loss of mitochondrial function, they can also survive without functional mitochondria. Such cells are referred to as ρ0 or ρ− petites. This study reports that minimal expression of human α-synuclein in yeast, from MET25/GAL1 promoter, gives rise to ρ− petites. Interestingly, the full expression of α-synuclein, from the same promoters, in α-synuclein-triggered ρ− petites and also in ρ0 petites (produced by treating ρ+ cells with the mutagen ethidium bromide) initiates apoptosis. The percentages of petites increase with increasing α-synuclein gene copy-number. ρ− petites expressing α-synuclein from fully-induced MET25/GAL1 promoters exhibit increased ROS levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and nuclear DNA fragmentation, with increasing copies of α-synuclein. Our results indicate that, for the first time in yeast, α-synuclein-triggered apoptosis can occur independently of functional mitochondria. The observation that α-synuclein naturally forms petites and that they can undergo apoptosis may have important implications in understanding the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damilare D. Akintade
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-07712452922
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong Z, Zhang H, Gong X, Wei W, Lv Y, Chen Z, Wang R, Yi J, Shen Y, Jin S. The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Neuropilin 1-Induced Radiation Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2019; 10:4017-4030. [PMID: 31417646 PMCID: PMC6692609 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is a pleiotropic receptor which can interact with multiple ligands and their receptors. It plays an important role in the process of axonal growth, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis and radiation resistance in endothelial cells and some tumor cells. Interaction of stromal and tumor cells plays a dynamic role in initiating and enhancing carcinogenesis, and has received considerable attention in recent years. Material and Methods: In this study, A549 lung cancer cell lines with different NRP1 expression levels were constructed in vitro, a two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D) co-culture system and tumor-bearing model was established in SCID mice. Western blot, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, cytometric bead array and flow cytometry were used to investigate the effect of the tumor microenvironment in NRP1-induced lung cancer cell radiation resistance. Results: In 2D or 3D co-culture system, NRP1 could be regulated inflammatory factors such as TNF, IL-6 IL-8 and IL-17 and the related chemokines MCP-1, IP-10 and RANTES in the tumor microenvironment, which in turn induced radiation resistance in lung cancer cells. In addition, different expression levels of NRP1 in 2D, 3D culture systems and tumor-bearing models were able to significantly regulate cell phenotype, proliferative capacity, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the radiation resistance of A549 cells. Conclusion: Our results verified that NRP1, inflammatory factors, chemokines and related signaling pathways, which affect the transformation of related cell components and thus lung cancer cell immune tolerance and migratory ability, all play an important role in radiation resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Prosthodontics Dentistry, The Stomatology Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xinkou Gong
- Department of Radiology, The 2 nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wei Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yahui Lv
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Rui Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Junxuan Yi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yannan Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shunzi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tinikul Y, Poljaroen J, Kornthong N, Chotwiwatthanakun C, Anuracpreeda P, Poomtong T, Hanna PJ, Sobhon P. Distribution and changes of serotonin and dopamine levels in the central nervous system and ovary of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, during ovarian maturation cycle. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 345:103-24. [PMID: 21607566 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated changes in serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) levels and in their distribution patterns in the central nervous system (CNS) and ovary during the ovarian maturation cycle in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The concentrations of these two neurotransmitters were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The 5-HT concentration exhibited a gradual increase in the brain and thoracic ganglia during early ovarian stages I, II, and III, reaching a maximum at the mature ovarian stage IV, whereas DA showed its highest concentration at ovarian stage II in the brain and thoracic ganglia and then declined to its lowest concentration at ovarian stage IV. In the ovaries, 5-HT was lowest at ovarian stage I and gradually increased to a peak at ovarian stage IV. Conversely, the concentration of DA was highest at ovarian stages I and II and lowest at ovarian stage IV. In the brain, 5-HT immunoreactivity (-ir) from stage IV and DA-ir from stage II were distributed extensively in neurons of clusters 6, 11, and 17, in fibers, and in the anterior and posterior medial protocerebral, olfactory, antenna II, and tegumentary neuropils. In the circumesophageal, subesophageal, thoracic, and abdominal ganglia, both 5-HT-ir and DA-ir were detected in neuropils and surrounding neurons and fibers. 5-HT-ir and DA-ir were more intense in the thoracic ganglia than in other parts of the CNS. In the ovary, 5-HT-ir exhibited high intensity in late oocytes, whereas DA-ir was more intense in early oocytes. Thus, opposing changes occur in the levels of these two neurotransmitters and in their specific localizations in the CNS and ovary during ovarian maturation, indicating their important involvement in female reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yotsawan Tinikul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|