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Latendorf T, Gerstel U, Wu Z, Bartels J, Becker A, Tholey A, Schröder JM. Cationic Intrinsically Disordered Antimicrobial Peptides (CIDAMPs) Represent a New Paradigm of Innate Defense with a Potential for Novel Anti-Infectives. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3331. [PMID: 30833614 PMCID: PMC6399351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for potential mechanisms underlying the remarkable resistance of healthy skin against infection by soil bacteria like Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa we identified fragments of the intrinsically disordered protein hornerin as potent microbicidal agents in the stratum corneum. We found that, independent of the amino acid (AA)-sequence, any tested linear cationic peptide containing a high percentage of disorder-promoting AA and a low percentage of order-promoting AA is a potent microbicidal antimicrobial. We further show that the antimicrobial activity of these cationic intrinsically disordered antimicrobial peptides (CIDAMPs) depends on the peptide chain length, its net charge, lipidation and environmental conditions. The ubiquitous presence of latent CIDAMP sources in nature suggests a common and yet overlooked adapted innate disinfection system of body surfaces. The simple structure and virtually any imaginable sequence or composition of disorder-promoting AA allow the generation of a plethora of CIDAMPs. These are potential novel microbicidal anti-infectives for various bacterial pathogens, including P. aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and fungal pathogens like Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ties Latendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gerstel
- Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, 310023, Hangzhou, China
| | - Joachim Bartels
- Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Becker
- Institute for Experimental Medicine-AG Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Kiel University (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute for Experimental Medicine-AG Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Kiel University (CAU), Kiel, Germany
| | - Jens-Michael Schröder
- Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Hornerin contains a Linked Series of Ribosome-Targeting Peptide Antibiotics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16158. [PMID: 30385807 PMCID: PMC6212518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic intrinsically disordered antimicrobial peptides (CIDAMPs) belong to a novel class of epithelial peptide antibiotics with microbicidal activity against various pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Here we show that treatment of distinct bacteria with different hornerin (HRNR)-derived CIDAMPs cause formation of unique cytoplasmic protein aggregates, suggesting a common intracellular mode of action. We further found that, unlike most amphipathic antimicrobial peptides, HRNR traverses bacterial membranes energy-dependently and accumulates within the cytoplasm. Strikingly, certain structurally different, HRNR-based CIDAMPs were found to bind to an identical panel of distinct bacterial ribosomal proteins, thereby manifesting features of several known classes of antibiotics. This may cause the formation of aberrant proteins and toxic protein aggregates in HRNR-treated pathogens which eventually may induce its death. Our study reveals evidence that structurally distinct CIDAMPs of an abundant body surface protein simultaneously target multiple sites of the bacterial protein synthesis machinery.
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Brauner A, Alvendal C, Chromek M, Stopsack KH, Ehrström S, Schröder JM, Bohm-Starke N. Psoriasin, a novel anti-Candida albicans adhesin. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:537-545. [PMID: 29736603 PMCID: PMC5988767 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Candida albicans belongs to the normal microbial flora on epithelial surfaces of humans. However, under certain, still not fully understood conditions, it can become pathogenic and cause a spectrum of diseases, from local infections to life-threatening septicemia. We investigated a panel of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs), potentially involved in mucosal immunity against this pathogen. Out of six studied AMPs, psoriasin was most up-regulated during a mucosal infection, an acute episode of recurrent Candida vulvovaginitis, although candidacidal activity has not been demonstrated. We here show that psoriasin binds to β-glucan, a basic component of the C. albicans cell wall, and thereby inhibits adhesion of the pathogen to surfaces and increases IL-8 production by mucosal epithelial cells. In conclusion, we show a novel mechanism of action of psoriasin. By inhibiting C. albicans adhesion and by enhancing cytokine production, psoriasin contributes to the immune response against C. albicans. Key messages The antimicrobial peptide psoriasin is highly up-regulated during a local mucosal infection, Candida albicans vulvovaginitis. Psoriasin binds to β-glucan in the Candida albicans cell wall and thereby inhibits adhesion of the pathogen. Binding of psoriasin to Candida albicans induces an immune response by mucosal epithelial cells.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-018-1637-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cathrin Alvendal
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milan Chromek
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Ehrström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens M Schröder
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nina Bohm-Starke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Méhul B, Laffet G, Séraïdaris A, Russo L, Fogel P, Carlavan I, Pernin C, Andres P, Queille-Roussel C, Voegel J. Noninvasive proteome analysis of psoriatic stratum corneum reflects pathophysiological pathways and is useful for drug profiling. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:470-488. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Méhul
- Galderma R&D; 2400 route des colles 06410 Biot France
| | - G. Laffet
- Galderma R&D; 2400 route des colles 06410 Biot France
| | - A. Séraïdaris
- Galderma R&D; 2400 route des colles 06410 Biot France
| | - L. Russo
- Galderma R&D; 2400 route des colles 06410 Biot France
| | - P. Fogel
- 132 rue d'Assas 75006 Paris France
| | - I. Carlavan
- Galderma R&D; 2400 route des colles 06410 Biot France
| | - C. Pernin
- Galderma R&D; 2400 route des colles 06410 Biot France
| | - P. Andres
- Galderma R&D; 2400 route des colles 06410 Biot France
| | - C. Queille-Roussel
- Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique Appliquée à la Dermatologie (CPCAD); University Hospital of Nice; 5 rue Pierre Devoluy 06000 Nice France
| | - J.J. Voegel
- Galderma R&D; 2400 route des colles 06410 Biot France
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Disulphide-reduced psoriasin is a human apoptosis-inducing broad-spectrum fungicide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:13039-44. [PMID: 26438863 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511197112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The unexpected resistance of psoriasis lesions to fungal infections suggests local production of an antifungal factor. We purified Trichophyton rubrum-inhibiting activity from lesional psoriasis scale extracts and identified the Cys-reduced form of S100A7/psoriasin (redS100A7) as a principal antifungal factor. redS100A7 inhibits various filamentous fungi, including the mold Aspergillus fumigatus, but not Candida albicans. Antifungal activity was inhibited by Zn(2+), suggesting that redS100A7 interferes with fungal zinc homeostasis. Because S100A7-mutants lacking a single cysteine are no longer antifungals, we hypothesized that redS100A7 is acting as a Zn(2+)-chelator. Immunogold electron microscopy studies revealed that it penetrates fungal cells, implicating possible intracellular actions. In support with our hypothesis, the cell-penetrating Zn(2+)-chelator TPEN was found to function as a broad-spectrum antifungal. Ultrastructural analyses of redS100A7-treated T. rubrum revealed marked signs of apoptosis, suggesting that its mode of action is induction of programmed cell death. TUNEL, SYTOX-green analyses, and caspase-inhibition studies supported this for both T. rubrum and A. fumigatus. Whereas redS100A7 can be generated from oxidized S100A7 by action of thioredoxin or glutathione, elevated redS100A7 levels in fungal skin infection indicate induction of both S100A7 and its reducing agent in vivo. To investigate whether redS100A7 and TPEN are antifungals in vivo, we used a guinea pig tinea pedes model for fungal skin infections and a lethal mouse Aspergillus infection model for lung infection and found antifungal activity in both in vivo animal systems. Thus, selective fungal cell-penetrating Zn(2+)-chelators could be useful as an urgently needed novel antifungal therapeutic, which induces programmed cell death in numerous fungi.
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Decreased susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants toward human antimicrobial peptides. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2347-2350. [PMID: 24717245 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent resident of human nose and skin in many individuals, but it is also able to cause a variety of serious infections including those of the skin and soft tissue. There is increasing evidence that particularly persistent, relapsing, and difficult-to-treat infections caused by S. aureus are associated with the formation of the small-colony variant (SCV) phenotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that (i) skin-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit a reduced activity against SCVs and (ii) that switching into the SCV phenotype may endow S. aureus with a decreased susceptibility toward the killing activity of human stratum corneum. Here, we show that clinically derived S. aureus SCVs are less susceptible to the bactericidal activity of different human skin-derived AMPs as compared with their isogenic corresponding wild-type strains. Similarly, a S. aureus hemB mutant displaying the SCV phenotype was less susceptible to the antimicrobial activity of AMPs than its hemB-complemented mutant. These findings were accompanied by a higher resistance of SCVs to the killing activity of human stratum corneum. Switching into the SCV phenotype may help S. aureus to subvert cutaneous innate defense, thus contributing to the establishment and persistence of infection.
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ZHANG RUI, ZHAO LIYAN, WANG HEXIANG, NG TZIBUN. A novel ribonuclease with antiproliferative activity toward leukemia and lymphoma cells and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity from the mushroom, Hohenbuehelia serotina. Int J Mol Med 2013; 33:209-14. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Rakers S, Niklasson L, Steinhagen D, Kruse C, Schauber J, Sundell K, Paus R. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from fish epidermis: perspectives for investigative dermatology. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:1140-9. [PMID: 23407389 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian and fish skin share protective activities against environments that are rich in infectious agents. Fish epidermis is endowed with an extrinsic barrier consisting of a mucus layer and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These operate together as a protective chemical shield. As these AMPs are evolutionarily well preserved and also found in higher vertebrate skin (including human epidermis), fish skin offers a unique opportunity to study the origins of innate antimicrobial defense systems. Furthermore, the broad spectrum of fish mucus antimicrobial activities renders piscine AMPs interesting to investigative dermatology, as these may become exploitable for various indications in clinical dermatology. Therefore, this article aims at casting light on fish mucus, the evolutionary relationship between human and fish AMPs, and the latter's antibacterial, antifungal, and even antiviral activities. Moreover, we develop dermatological lessons from, and sketch potential future clinical applications of, fish mucus and piscine AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rakers
- Aquatic Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology, Luebeck, Germany.
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Abstract
A number of different proteases and their inhibitors have a role in skin physiology and in the pathophysiology of inflammatory skin diseases. Proteases are important in the desquamation process and orderly regulation of the skin's barrier function. On the basis of the catalytic domain, proteases are classified into aspartate-, cysteine-, glutamate-, metallo-, serine-, and threonine proteases. Particularly, serine proteases (SPs) contribute to epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis, as acute barrier disruption increases SP activity in skin and inhibition by topical SP inhibitors accelerated recovery of barrier function after acute abrogation. In rosacea, increased levels of the vasoactive and inflammatory host-defense peptide cathelicidin LL-37 and its proteolytic peptide fragments were found, which were explained by an abnormal production of tryptic activity originating from kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 5. It is therefore possible that also other proteases, even from microbial or parasite origin, have a role in rosacea by forming alternate angiogenic and proinflammatory cathelicidin peptides. Further, the regulation of protease activity, in particular KLK-5 activity, might have a role in rosacea. This review briefly summarizes our current knowledge about keratinocyte-derived proteases and protease inhibitors, which might have a role in the pathophysiology of rosacea.
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Silva ON, Mulder KCL, Barbosa AEAD, Otero-Gonzalez AJ, Lopez-Abarrategui C, Rezende TMB, Dias SC, Franco OL. Exploring the pharmacological potential of promiscuous host-defense peptides: from natural screenings to biotechnological applications. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:232. [PMID: 22125552 PMCID: PMC3222093 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the number of bacteria with enhanced resistance to conventional antibiotics has dramatically increased. Most of such bacteria belong to regular microbial flora, becoming a real challenge, especially for immune-depressed patients. Since the treatment is sometimes extremely expensive, and in some circumstances completely inefficient for the most severe cases, researchers are still determined to discover novel compounds. Among them, host-defense peptides (HDPs) have been found as the first natural barrier against microorganisms in nearly all living groups. This molecular class has been gaining attention every day for multiple reasons. For decades, it was believed that these defense peptides had been involved only with the permeation of the lipid bilayer in pathogen membranes, their main target. Currently, it is known that these peptides can bind to numerous targets, as well as lipids including proteins and carbohydrates, from the surface to deep within the cell. Moreover, by using in vivo models, it was shown that HDPs could act both in pathogens and cognate hosts, improving immunological functions as well as acting through multiple pathways to control infections. This review focuses on structural and functional properties of HDP peptides and the additional strategies used to select them. Furthermore, strategies to avoid problems in large-scale manufacture by using molecular and biochemical techniques will also be explored. In summary, this review intends to construct a bridge between academic research and pharmaceutical industry, providing novel insights into the utilization of HDPs against resistant bacterial strains that cause infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmar N Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Centro de Análises Protômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília Brasília, Brazil
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Sperstad SV, Haug T, Blencke HM, Styrvold OB, Li C, Stensvåg K. Antimicrobial peptides from marine invertebrates: challenges and perspectives in marine antimicrobial peptide discovery. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:519-30. [PMID: 21683779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of pathogenic bacteria resistance to conventional antibiotics calls for an increased focus on the purification and characterization of antimicrobials with new mechanisms of actions. Antimicrobial peptides are promising candidates, because their initial interaction with microbes is through binding to lipids. The interference with such a fundamental cell structure is assumed to hamper resistance development. In the present review we discuss antimicrobial peptides isolated from marine invertebrates, emphasizing the isolation and activity of these natural antibiotics. The marine environment is relatively poorly explored in terms of potential pharmaceuticals, and it contains a tremendous species diversity which evolved in close proximity to microorganisms. As invertebrates rely purely on innate immunity, including antimicrobial peptides, to combat infectious agents, it is believed that immune effectors from these animals are efficient and rapid inhibitors of microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigmund V Sperstad
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Xiao J, Zhang H, Niu L, Wang X. Efficient screening of a novel antimicrobial peptide from Jatropha curcas by cell membrane affinity chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1145-1151. [PMID: 21268582 DOI: 10.1021/jf103876b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel method named cell membrane affinity chromatography was used to screen antimicrobial peptides from Jatropha curcas . A cationic antimicrobial peptide (KVFLGLK, JCpep7) was successfully isolated and identified. Antimicrobial assays indicated that JCpep7 was active against the tested microorganisms ( Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 50013, Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 51302, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27553, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 23631, and Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619) with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 24 to 64 μg/mL. The antimicrobial mechanisms based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques showed that JCpep7 killed microbes principally via breaking of their cell walls and membranes, followed by cell lysis. The results indicated that cell membrane affinity chromatography could be a promising approach for high-throughput screening of antimicrobial peptides from J. curcas .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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Reduction of disulphide bonds unmasks potent antimicrobial activity of human β-defensin 1. Nature 2011; 469:419-23. [PMID: 21248850 DOI: 10.1038/nature09674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human epithelia are permanently challenged by bacteria and fungi, including commensal and pathogenic microbiota. In the gut, the fraction of strict anaerobes increases from proximal to distal, reaching 99% of bacterial species in the colon. At colonic mucosa, oxygen partial pressure is below 25% of airborne oxygen content, moreover microbial metabolism causes reduction to a low redox potential of -200 mV to -300 mV in the colon. Defensins, characterized by three intramolecular disulphide-bridges, are key effector molecules of innate immunity that protect the host from infectious microbes and shape the composition of microbiota at mucosal surfaces. Human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) is one of the most prominent peptides of its class but despite ubiquitous expression by all human epithelia, comparison with other defensins suggested only minor antibiotic killing activity. Whereas much is known about the activity of antimicrobial peptides in aerobic environments, data about reducing environments are limited. Herein we show that after reduction of disulphide-bridges hBD-1 becomes a potent antimicrobial peptide against the opportunistic pathogenic fungus Candida albicans and against anaerobic, Gram-positive commensals of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species. Reduced hBD-1 differs structurally from oxidized hBD-1 and free cysteines in the carboxy terminus seem important for the bactericidal effect. In vitro, the thioredoxin (TRX) system is able to reduce hBD-1 and TRX co-localizes with reduced hBD-1 in human epithelia. Hence our study indicates that reduced hBD-1 shields the healthy epithelium against colonisation by commensal bacteria and opportunistic fungi. Accordingly, an intimate interplay between redox-regulation and innate immune defence seems crucial for an effective barrier protecting human epithelia.
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